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MANDATORY: Use instead of `git filter-branch` - safer git-filter-repo with recovery
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| name | git-rewrite-history |
| description | MANDATORY: Use instead of `git filter-branch` - safer git-filter-repo with recovery |
Purpose: Safely rewrite git history using git-filter-repo, the modern replacement for
git filter-branch.
Always use git-filter-repo instead of git filter-branch. Git itself warns against filter-branch:
git-filter-branch has a glut of gotchas generating mangled history rewrites. Use git-filter-repo instead.
| Feature | git-filter-repo | git-filter-branch |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | 10-50x faster | Slow |
| Safety | Handles edge cases | Many gotchas |
| Maintenance | Actively maintained | Deprecated |
| Syntax | Simple, intuitive | Complex, error-prone |
pip install git-filter-repo
# or
pip install --break-system-packages git-filter-repo
ALWAYS follow this pattern:
--partial (preserves reflog for recovery)Always include the --partial flag with git-filter-repo. Without it:
git gc runs (objects permanently deleted)With --partial:
git reset --hard HEAD@{n} possible# Fresh clone required
git clone --mirror <url> repo-filter
cd repo-filter
# Remove file (--partial preserves reflog for recovery)
git filter-repo --partial --path secrets.txt --invert-paths
# Verify
git log --all --oneline -- secrets.txt # Should return nothing
# If wrong, recover: git reflog && git reset --hard HEAD@{n}
# Push only after verification (requires explicit user approval)
git push origin --force --all
git filter-repo --partial --path vendor/ --invert-paths
# This removes the gitlink entry for a submodule
git filter-repo --partial --path submodule-name --invert-paths
# Rename a file across all history
git filter-repo --partial --path-rename old-name.txt:new-name.txt
# Move directory
git filter-repo --partial --path-rename old-dir/:new-dir/
# Remove files larger than 10MB
git filter-repo --partial --strip-blobs-bigger-than 10M
# Keep only src/ directory (remove everything else)
git filter-repo --partial --path src/
# Replace text patterns
git filter-repo --partial --replace-text expressions.txt
# Where expressions.txt contains:
# PASSWORD=secret123==>PASSWORD=REDACTED
# regex:api_key=\w+==>api_key=REDACTED
By default, git-filter-repo requires a fresh clone. To work on an existing repo:
# --partial preserves reflog, --force allows non-fresh clone
git filter-repo --partial --force --path file-to-remove --invert-paths
git push --force-with-lease origin <branch>git log --all -- <path>git diff --stat <old-commit>..<new-head>If something goes wrong (before force-push):
# With --partial, old history is in reflog
git reflog # Find old commit (e.g., HEAD@{2})
git reset --hard HEAD@{2} # Restore to pre-filter state
# If you have original remote (after force-push)
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/<branch>
# If you kept a backup branch
git reset --hard backup-before-filter
CRITICAL: Recovery from reflog only works if:
--partial flaggit gc)