mviz

name	mviz
description	Generate clean, data-focused charts and dashboards from compact JSON specs

mviz

Generate clean, data-focused charts and dashboards from compact JSON specs or markdown. Maximizes data-ink ratio with minimal chartjunk, gridlines, and decorative elements. Uses a 16-column grid layout system.

Setup

No installation required. Use npx mviz which auto-downloads from npm.

For faster repeated use, install globally: npm install -g mviz

What This Skill Does

Converts minimal JSON specifications into standalone HTML visualizations using ECharts. Instead of writing 50-100 lines of chart code, write a compact spec that gets expanded into a full HTML artifact with professional styling.

Visual Style (mdsinabox theme)

• Font: Helvetica Neue, Arial (clean sans-serif)
• Signature: Orange accent line at top of dashboards
• Palette: Blue primary, orange secondary, semantic colors (green=positive, amber=warning, red=error)
• Background: Paper (#f8f8f8 light) / Dark (#231f20 dark)
• Principles: High data-ink ratio, no chartjunk, minimal gridlines, data speaks for itself

How to Use

Single Chart (JSON)

echo '<json_spec>' | npx mviz > chart.html

Dashboard from Markdown

npx mviz dashboard.md > dashboard.html

Dashboard from Folder

npx mviz my-dashboard/ > dashboard.html

16-Column Grid System

Components are sized using size=[cols,rows] syntax:

```big_value size=[4,2]
{"value": 1250000, "label": "Revenue", "format": "usd0m"}
```
```bar size=[8,6]
{"title": "Sales", "x": "month", "y": "sales", "file": "data/sales.json"}
```

• 16 columns total width
• Row height: ~32px per row unit (approximate - charts have padding)
• Components on same line share the row
• Empty line = new row

Height Guidelines:

Row Units	Approximate Height	Good For
2	~64px	KPIs, single-line notes
4	~128px	Small tables, text blocks
5-6	~160-192px	Standard charts
8+	~256px+	Dense tables, detailed charts

For charts with many categories (10+ bars, 10+ rows in dumbbell), increase row units to prevent compression.

Side-by-Side Layout

Critical: To place components side-by-side, their code blocks must have NO blank lines between them:

```bar size=[8,5]
{"title": "Chart A", ...}
```
```line size=[8,5]
{"title": "Chart B", ...}
```

This renders Chart A and Chart B on the same row. Adding a blank line between them would put them on separate rows.

Headings and Section Breaks

Syntax	Effect
# H1	Major section with page break (for print/PDF)
## H2	Section title, visual divider, no page break
### H3	Light inline header (subtle, smaller text)
---	Untitled section break: visual divider only
===	Explicit page break: forces new page in PDF
empty_space	Invisible grid cell spacer (default 4 cols × 2 rows)

Heading Guidelines:

• Use # H1 for major document sections that warrant their own page when printed
• Use ## H2 for content sections within a page (most common)
• Use ### H3 for lightweight subheadings that don't interrupt flow
• In continuous: true mode, H1 page breaks are suppressed

Section vs Page Breaks:

• Use --- to separate logical sections visually. Content flows naturally to the next page when needed.
• Use === only when you explicitly want to force a new page (e.g., separating chapters or major report sections for PDF output).
• Never use === by default. Only add page breaks when the user specifically requests them.

Default Sizes

Component	Default Size	Notes
big_value	[4, 2]	Fits 4 per row
delta	[4, 2]	Fits 4 per row
sparkline	[4, 2]	Compact inline chart
bar, line, area	[8, 5]	Half width
pie, scatter, bubble	[8, 5]	Half width
funnel, sankey, heatmap	[8, 5]	Half width
histogram, boxplot, waterfall	[8, 5]	Half width
combo	[8, 5]	Half width
dumbbell	[12, 6]	3/4 width
table	[16, 4]	Full width
textarea	[16, 4]	Full width
calendar	[16, 3]	Full width
xmr	[16, 6]	Full width, tall
alert, note, text	[16, 1]	Full width, single row
empty_space	[4, 2]	Invisible spacer

Recommended Size Pairings

Layout Goal	Components	Sizes
4 KPIs in a row	4× big_value	[4,2] each
5 KPIs in a row	4× big_value + 1 wider	[3,2] + [4,2]
KPI + context	big_value + textarea	[3,2] + [13,2]
KPI + chart	big_value + bar	[4,2] + [12,5]

Example: Dense KPI Row

```big_value size=[3,2]
{"value": 1250000, "label": "Revenue", "format": "usd0m"}
```
```big_value size=[3,2]
{"value": 8450, "label": "Orders", "format": "num0k"}
```
```big_value size=[3,2]
{"value": 2400000000, "label": "Queries", "format": "num0b"}
```
```delta size=[3,2]
{"value": 0.15, "label": "MoM", "format": "pct0"}
```
```delta size=[4,2]
{"value": 0.08, "label": "vs Target", "format": "pct0"}
```

This creates a row with 5 KPIs (3+3+3+3+4 = 16 columns).

Example: Two Charts Side by Side

```bar size=[8,6] file=data/region-sales.json
```
```line size=[8,6] file=data/monthly-trend.json
```

Supported Types

Charts: bar, line, area, pie, scatter, bubble, boxplot, histogram, waterfall, xmr, sankey, funnel, heatmap, calendar, sparkline, combo, dumbbell

UI Components: big_value, delta, alert, note, text, textarea, empty_space, table

Table Formatting

Tables support column-level and cell-level formatting:

Column options: bold, italic, type ("sparkline" or "heatmap")

{
  "type": "table",
  "columns": [
    {"id": "product", "title": "Product", "bold": true},
    {"id": "category", "title": "Category", "italic": true},
    {"id": "sales", "title": "Sales", "fmt": "usd"},
    {"id": "margin", "title": "Margin", "type": "heatmap", "fmt": "pct"},
    {"id": "trend", "title": "Trend", "type": "sparkline", "sparkType": "line"}
  ],
  "data": [
    {"product": "Widget", "category": "Electronics", "sales": 125000, "margin": 0.85, "trend": [85, 92, 88, 95, 102, 125]}
  ]
}

Cell-level overrides: Use {"value": "text", "bold": true} to override column defaults.

Heatmap: Applies color gradient from low to high values. Text auto-switches to white on dark backgrounds.

Sparkline types: line, bar, area, pct_bar (progress bar), dumbbell (before/after comparison)

Note Types

Notes support three severity levels via noteType:

Type	Border Color	Use For
default	Red	Important notices (default)
warning	Yellow	Cautions, preliminary data
tip	Green	Best practices, pro tips

Notes also support an optional label for bold prefix text:

{"type": "note", "label": "Pro Tip:", "content": "Use keyboard shortcuts for faster navigation.", "noteType": "tip"}

Specialized Chart Examples

big_value - Hero metrics with large display:

{"type": "big_value", "value": 1250000, "label": "Revenue", "format": "usd0m"}

• Optional comparison object: {"value": 10300, "format": "usd", "label": "vs last month"} shows change with arrow

dumbbell - Before/after comparisons with directional coloring:

{
  "type": "dumbbell",
  "title": "ELO Changes",
  "category": "team",
  "start": "before",
  "end": "after",
  "startLabel": "Week 1",
  "endLabel": "Week 2",
  "higherIsBetter": true,
  "data": [
    {"team": "Chiefs", "before": 1650, "after": 1720},
    {"team": "Bills", "before": 1600, "after": 1550}
  ]
}

• Green = improvement, Red = decline, Grey = no change
• higherIsBetter: false for rankings (lower = better)
• Labels auto-abbreviate large numbers (7450 → "7k")

delta - Change metrics with directional coloring:

{"type": "delta", "value": 0.15, "label": "MoM Growth", "format": "pct0"}

• Positive values show green with ▲, negative show red with ▼
• Optional comparison object: {"value": 0.05, "label": "vs Target"}

area - Filled line chart for cumulative/volume data:

{
  "type": "area",
  "title": "Daily Active Users",
  "x": "date",
  "y": "users",
  "data": [{"date": "Mon", "users": 1200}, {"date": "Tue", "users": 1450}]
}

combo - Bar + line with dual Y-axis:

{
  "type": "combo",
  "title": "Revenue vs Growth Rate",
  "x": "quarter",
  "y": ["revenue", "growth_rate"],
  "data": [
    {"quarter": "Q1", "revenue": 1000000, "growth_rate": 0.15},
    {"quarter": "Q2", "revenue": 1200000, "growth_rate": 0.20}
  ]
}

• First y-field renders as bars, second as line
• Dual Y-axes with independent scales

heatmap - 2D matrix visualization:

{
  "type": "heatmap",
  "title": "Activity by Hour",
  "xCategories": ["Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri"],
  "yCategories": ["9am", "12pm", "3pm", "6pm"],
  "format": "num0",
  "data": [[0, 0, 85], [1, 0, 90], [2, 0, 72]]
}

• format option applies to cell labels (e.g., num0k, usd0k, pct)

funnel - Conversion or elimination flows:

{
  "type": "funnel",
  "title": "Sales Pipeline",
  "format": "num0",
  "data": [
    {"stage": "Leads", "value": 1000},
    {"stage": "Qualified", "value": 600},
    {"stage": "Proposal", "value": 300},
    {"stage": "Closed", "value": 100}
  ]
}

• format option applies to labels/tooltips (e.g., usd_auto, pct, num0)

waterfall - Cumulative change visualization:

{
  "type": "waterfall",
  "title": "Revenue Bridge",
  "x": "item",
  "y": "value",
  "data": [
    {"item": "Start", "value": 1000, "isTotal": true},
    {"item": "Growth", "value": 200},
    {"item": "Churn", "value": -50},
    {"item": "End", "value": 1150, "isTotal": true}
  ]
}

bubble - Scatter plot with size dimension:

{
  "type": "bubble",
  "title": "Market Analysis",
  "x": "growth",
  "y": "profit",
  "size": "revenue",
  "data": [
    {"growth": 5, "profit": 20, "revenue": 100},
    {"growth": 10, "profit": 15, "revenue": 200}
  ]
}

sankey - Flow diagrams showing relationships:

{
  "type": "sankey",
  "title": "Traffic Sources",
  "data": [
    {"source": "Organic", "target": "Landing", "value": 500},
    {"source": "Paid", "target": "Landing", "value": 300},
    {"source": "Landing", "target": "Signup", "value": 400}
  ]
}

Number Format Options

Format	Example	Use For
auto	1.000m, 10.00k	Smart auto-format (recommended)
usd_auto	$1.000m, $10.00k	Smart auto-format with $ prefix
usd0m	$1.2m	Millions
usd0b	$1.2b	Billions
usd0k	$125k	Thousands
usd	$1,250,000	Detailed amounts
num0m	1.2m	Millions
num0b	1.2b	Billions
num0k	125k	Thousands
num0	1,250,000	Detailed counts
pct	15.0%	Percentage with decimal
pct0	15%	Percentage integer
pct1	15.0%	Percentage with 1 decimal

Important: Percentage formats expect decimal values (0.25 = 25%), not whole numbers.

Smart formatting (auto/usd_auto) is recommended. The format option applies to both axis labels and data labels on bar charts. It automatically picks the right suffix (k, m, b) based on magnitude and always shows 4 significant digits. Negative values are wrapped in parentheses: (1.000m).

When no format is specified, smart formatting is used by default.

Auto-Detected Axis Formatting

Chart axes automatically detect the appropriate format based on field names:

Field Pattern	Auto Format	Example
revenue, sales, price, cost, profit, amount	usd_auto	$1.250m
pct, percent, rate, ratio	pct	15.0%
All other numeric fields	auto	1.250m

Override with an explicit format field in the chart spec.

Columnar Data Format

The chart generator auto-detects columnar query results. Instead of manually converting columns/rows to data, pass the result directly:

{
  "type": "bar",
  "title": "Sales by Region",
  "x": "region",
  "y": "sales",
  "columns": ["region", "sales"],
  "rows": [["North", 45000], ["South", 32000], ["East", 28000]]
}

This is automatically converted internally. No manual JSON reconstruction needed.

Axis Bounds (yMin/yMax)

For line, area, bar, and combo charts, control y-axis range with yMin and yMax:

{
  "type": "line",
  "title": "Elo Rating Trend",
  "x": "date",
  "y": "elo",
  "yMin": 1400,
  "data": [{"date": "Oct", "elo": 1511}, {"date": "Jan", "elo": 1636}]
}

Use yMin when:

• Data doesn't start at 0 (ratings, stock prices, temperatures)
• You want to emphasize relative changes over absolute values

Use yMax when:

• Labels are being cut off at the top of the chart
• You need headroom above the highest data point

Troubleshooting

Warning Messages

The generator outputs helpful warnings to stderr when issues are detected:

Warning	Cause	Solution
Invalid JSON in 'bar' block	Malformed JSON syntax	Check JSON syntax, ensure proper quoting
Unknown component type 'bars'	Typo in chart type	Use suggested type (e.g., bar not bars)
Cannot resolve 'file=...'	File reference without base directory	Use file path argument or inline JSON
Row exceeds 16 columns	Too many components in one row	Reduce component widths or split into rows

Warnings include context like content previews, similar type suggestions, and section/row info.

Labels Cut Off at Chart Edges

If data labels on bar, line, or area charts are being cut off at the top:

1. Find the maximum value in your data
2. Set yMax to ~10-15% higher than that value

Example: If max value is 200, set "yMax": 220

{
  "type": "bar",
  "title": "Sales",
  "x": "month",
  "y": "sales",
  "yMax": 250,
  "data": [{"month": "Jan", "sales": 180}, {"month": "Feb", "sales": 220}]
}

This provides headroom for the label text above the bars.

Data Generation Best Practice

Use SQL to generate data files instead of manually authoring JSON. This reduces errors and ensures data accuracy:

-- Generate chart data file
COPY (
  SELECT month, SUM(sales) as sales, SUM(revenue) as revenue
  FROM orders
  GROUP BY month
  ORDER BY month
) TO 'data/monthly-sales.json' (FORMAT JSON, ARRAY true);

Then reference the generated file:

```bar file=data/monthly-sales.json
{"title": "Monthly Sales", "x": "month", "y": "sales"}
```

This approach:

• Ensures data accuracy (no manual transcription errors)
• Keeps data in sync with source systems
• Reduces token usage (SQL is more compact than JSON arrays)
• Makes updates easy (re-run query to refresh)

File References (JSON and CSV)

Reference external data files to save tokens and enable data/visualization separation:

JSON Files

```bar size=[8,6] file=data/sales.json
```

CSV Files (DuckDB Workflow)

CSV files work great with DuckDB for data exploration:

# Export query results to CSV
duckdb -csv -c "SELECT quarter, revenue FROM sales" > data/quarterly.csv

```bar file=data/quarterly.csv
{"title": "Quarterly Revenue", "x": "quarter", "y": "revenue"}
```

• CSV provides data, inline JSON provides chart options (title, x, y, format)
• Auto-detection: If no inline options, first column = x, second column = y
• Type conversion: Numeric strings auto-convert to int/float

Benefits of File References

Approach	Best For
Inline JSON	Small, static specs
JSON files	Reusable chart configs
CSV files	DuckDB workflows, frequently updated data

Dashboard Markdown Format

---
theme: light
title: My Dashboard
---

# Page Title

## Section Name

```big_value size=[4,2]
{"value": 125000, "label": "Revenue", "format": "usd0k"}
```
```bar size=[12,6] file=data/sales.json
```

Rules:

• # Title sets the page title (first occurrence only)
• ## Section creates a new section with divider (border, spacing)
• ### Header creates a soft header within the current section (no divider)
• --- creates a section break (untitled, visual divider only)
• === creates a page break (forces new page when printing to PDF)
• size=[cols,rows] controls layout (16-column grid)
• size=auto auto-calculates size from data
• file=path references external JSON
• Empty lines = new rows

Theme Toggle

Dashboards include a theme toggle button (top right) that switches between light and dark modes. All charts dynamically update when the theme changes.

Set the default theme in frontmatter:

---
title: My Dashboard
theme: dark
continuous: true
---

Option	Description
title	Dashboard title displayed at top
theme	light (default) or dark
continuous	When true, removes section breaks between # headers for flowing layout

The theme toggle affects all charts globally - individual chart theme settings are ignored in favor of the global toggle.

Print and PDF Support

Charts are optimized for printing to PDF:

• High-Quality Rendering: Uses SVG renderer for crisp vector graphics at any zoom level
• No Page Breaks: CSS prevents charts and tables from being split across pages
• All Labels Visible: Category labels always shown with 45° rotation to fit

When printing dashboards to PDF, all content stays intact without being cut off mid-chart.

JSON Formatting for Editability

Use formatted (multi-line) JSON when data may need editing. This enables smaller, more precise edits:

```bar size=[8,5]
{
  "title": "Monthly Sales",
  "x": "month",
  "y": "sales",
  "data": [
    {"month": "Jan", "sales": 120},
    {"month": "Feb", "sales": 150},
    {"month": "Mar", "sales": 180}
  ]
}
```

Benefits:

• Each data point on its own line enables targeted edits
• Changing one value: ~30 chars vs ~200+ chars with compact JSON
• Easier to review diffs in version control

When to use compact JSON:

• Very small specs (< 100 chars)
• Data that won't change
• Single-line values like {"value": 1250000, "label": "Revenue"}

JSON Schema

mviz specs can be validated using the JSON Schema at:

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/matsonj/mviz/main/schema/mviz.schema.json

Add $schema to enable editor autocomplete and validation:

{
  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/matsonj/mviz/main/schema/mviz.schema.json",
  "type": "bar",
  "title": "Sales",
  ...
}

Color Palette (mdsinabox theme)

Color	Hex	Use
Primary Blue	#0777b3	Primary series
Secondary Orange	#bd4e35	Secondary series, accent
Info Blue	#638CAD	Tertiary, informational
Positive Green	#2d7a00	Success, positive values
Warning Amber	#e18727	Warnings
Error Red	#bc1200	Errors, negative emphasis

See reference/chart-types.md for complete documentation.

Best Practices

For guidance on creating effective data visualizations—including Tufte-inspired principles, anti-patterns to avoid, and layout examples—see Best_practices.md.