operating-shell-platforms

agents	["python-ai-specialist"]
category	chain
description	Platform-specific shell command considerations for Windows PowerShell and Unix shells
knowledge	["powershell-patterns"]
name	operating-shell-platforms
related_skills	["none"]
templates	["none"]
tools	["none"]
type	skill
version	1.1.0
references	["none"]
settings	{"auto_approve":false,"retry_limit":3,"timeout_seconds":300,"safe_to_parallelize":false,"orchestration_pattern":"routing"}

Shell Platform

Platform-specific shell command considerations for Windows PowerShell and Unix shells

Shell Platform Skill

Handle platform-specific shell syntax differences when executing commands.

Shell Platform Skill

Handle platform-specific shell syntax differences when executing commands.

CRITICAL: PowerShell Command Chaining Warning

NEVER USE && IN WINDOWS POWERSHELL 5.x!

The following pattern DOES NOT WORK and will ALWAYS fail:

cd "path" && git pull

Error: Das Token "&&" ist in dieser Version kein gültiges Anweisungstrennzeichen

USE THIS INSTEAD:

cd "path"; & "C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe" pull

The && operator only works in PowerShell 7+ (pwsh.exe), NOT in Windows PowerShell 5.x (powershell.exe).

This is a recurring error - check user_info.Shell to detect PowerShell version.

> cd "path" && git pull
>

> cd "path"; & "C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe" pull
>

CRITICAL: PowerShell Heredoc Warning

NEVER USE HEREDOC SYNTAX IN POWERSHELL!

The following pattern DOES NOT WORK and will ALWAYS fail:

git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
message
EOF
)"

USE THIS INSTEAD:

git commit -m "Single line message"

Or for multi-line:

git commit -m "Title" -m "Body paragraph"

This is a recurring error - always use simple string syntax on Windows.

> git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
> message
> EOF
> )"
>

> git commit -m "Single line message"
>

> git commit -m "Title" -m "Body paragraph"
>

CRITICAL: Antigravity Factory Environment (Windows)

ALWAYS USE CONDA RUN WITH THE CORRECT ENVPATH!

The factory environment is strictly managed. For Python execution, use:

conda run -p D:\Anaconda\envs\cursor-factory python <script.py>

Or the absolute interpreter path:

D:\Anaconda\envs\cursor-factory\python.exe <script.py>

Mandatory Grounding: Before executing any shell-based task, agents MUST ground themselves in .agent/knowledge/tech/powershell-patterns.json. This skill is LOCAL to this machine only. Do not apply automatically - always ask the user before applying platform-specific command adjustments.

Process

Placeholder content for Process to satisfy validation.

Step 1: Detect Platform

Check user_info.OS to determine if running on Windows (win32), macOS (darwin), or Linux (linux).

Step 2: Check Shell Type

If on Windows, check user_info.Shell to determine if using PowerShell 5.x (powershell.exe) or PowerShell 7+ (pwsh.exe).

Step 3: Apply Platform-Specific Syntax

• PowerShell 5.x: Replace && with ;, avoid heredoc syntax, use multiple -m flags for git commits
• PowerShell 7+: && works, but prefer ; for compatibility
• Unix shells: Use standard bash syntax

Step 4: Use Session Cache

Read .cursor/cache/session-paths.json first to get verified tool paths before executing commands.

Step 5: Execute Command

Run the platform-adapted command with appropriate syntax and tool paths.

Activation

First-time activation only: If this skill has not been confirmed yet, ask the user:

"I notice you're on Windows/PowerShell. Should I enable PowerShell-compatible syntax for shell commands? This setting will persist in your Cursor configuration."

Once the user confirms:

1. The skill remains permanently active in Cursor settings
2. No need to ask again in future sessions
3. Apply PowerShell-compatible syntax automatically from then on

Status: ✅ ACTIVE (confirmed by user)

Platform Detection

Check the user's OS from user_info:

• win32 → Windows (PowerShell)
• darwin → macOS (zsh/bash)
• linux → Linux (bash)

Critical: PowerShell Limitations

Heredoc Syntax NOT Supported

PowerShell does NOT support bash-style heredoc syntax:

# THIS DOES NOT WORK IN POWERSHELL:
git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
Multi-line
commit message
EOF
)"

PowerShell Alternatives

Option 1: Multiple -m flags (recommended for git commits)

git commit -m "Title line" -m "Body paragraph 1" -m "Body paragraph 2"

Option 2: Backtick for line continuation

git commit -m "Title line`n`nBody with newlines"

Option 3: Here-string (PowerShell native)

$message = @"
Title line

Body paragraph
"@
git commit -m $message

Command Chaining

PowerShell uses different operators:

| Bash | PowerShell | Purpose | |||| | && | ; or -and | Run if previous succeeds | | || | -or | Run if previous fails | | \| | \| | Pipe (same) |

Note: && and || work in PowerShell 7+ but NOT in Windows PowerShell 5.x.

# THIS DOES NOT WORK IN POWERSHELL:
git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
Multi-line
commit message
EOF
)"

git commit -m "Title line" -m "Body paragraph 1" -m "Body paragraph 2"

git commit -m "Title line`n`nBody with newlines"

$message = @"
Title line

Body paragraph
"@
git commit -m $message

Git Commit Message Best Practices

For cross-platform compatibility, use multiple -m flags:

git commit -m "feat: Short title" -m "Longer description of the change." -m "Additional details if needed."

This works on all platforms and produces proper multi-paragraph commit messages.

git commit -m "feat: Short title" -m "Longer description of the change." -m "Additional details if needed."

Tool Paths Configuration

Tool paths are configurable via .cursor/config/tools.json with environment variable fallbacks.

See Configuration Guide for full details.

⚡ Session Path Cache (CRITICAL)

ALWAYS read the session cache first before running commands:

.cursor/cache/session-paths.json

This file contains verified working paths for the current machine. Reading this file ONCE at session start prevents repeated path resolution failures.

Resolution Priority:

1. Session Cache (.cursor/cache/session-paths.json) - FASTEST, already verified
2. Environment Variable (e.g., $env:PYTHON_PATH)
3. Config File (.cursor/config/tools.json)
4. Auto-detect (via PATH)
5. Fallbacks (hardcoded paths)

Agent Behavior:

• At session start: Read session-paths.json to get working paths
• When a path fails: Try next in resolution order, then UPDATE the cache
• Cache is machine-specific - do not commit to git

Session Cache Format

{
  "paths": {
    "python": "{PYTHON_PATH}",
    "pip": "{PIP_PATH}",
    "conda": "{CONDA_PATH}",
    "pytest": "{PYTEST_PATH}",
    "git": null
  },
  "workspace": {
    "root": "{WORKSPACE_ROOT}",
    "shell": "powershell"
  }
}

Usage in Commands:

# Read from cache - path is already verified
{PYTHON_PATH} scripts/validation/validate_yaml_frontmatter.py

Default Tool Paths (Windows)

| Tool | Default Path | Env Variable | Notes | ||--|--|-| | Python | {PYTHON_PATH} | PYTHON_PATH | Anaconda installation | | Pip | {PIP_PATH} | PIP_PATH | Anaconda pip | | Conda | {CONDA_PATH} | CONDA_PATH | Anaconda conda | | GitHub CLI | {GH_CLI_PATH} | GH_CLI_PATH | CONFIGURABLE | | Pytest | {PYTEST_PATH} | PYTEST_PATH | Anaconda pytest |

GitHub CLI Configuration

The GitHub CLI (gh) is installed at {GH_CLI_DIR} on this machine.

Usage:

# Full path (always works)
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr list

# Or via environment variable
& $env:GH_CLI_PATH pr list

Common Commands:

# List recent workflow runs
{GH_CLI_PATH} run list --limit 5

# View specific run
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs

# Create pull request
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr create --title "Title" --body "Description"

# List issues
{GH_CLI_PATH} issue list

# Create repository
{GH_CLI_PATH} repo create my-repo --public

Updating the Session Cache

When a path is verified to work, update the cache:

# After verifying {PYTHON_PATH} works, update cache
# The agent should read_file, modify, and write back

GitHub CLI Examples

# Using environment variable (recommended)
& $env:GH_CLI_PATH run list --limit 5

# Or with default path
{GH_CLI_PATH} run list --limit 5

# View specific run details
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs

# Check job status
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs --jq ".jobs[] | {name, conclusion}"

# Create a pull request
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr create --title "Title" --body "Description"

# List open issues
{GH_CLI_PATH} issue list

Cross-Platform Paths

For Linux/macOS, paths typically use forward slashes and may be simpler:

| Tool | Linux/macOS Path | ||| | Python | python3 or /usr/bin/python3 | | Pip | pip3 or /usr/bin/pip3 | | GitHub CLI | gh or /usr/local/bin/gh |

.cursor/cache/session-paths.json

{
  "paths": {
    "python": "{PYTHON_PATH}",
    "pip": "{PIP_PATH}",
    "conda": "{CONDA_PATH}",
    "pytest": "{PYTEST_PATH}",
    "git": null
  },
  "workspace": {
    "root": "{WORKSPACE_ROOT}",
    "shell": "powershell"
  }
}

# Read from cache - path is already verified
{PYTHON_PATH} scripts/validation/validate_yaml_frontmatter.py

# Full path (always works)
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr list

# Or via environment variable
& $env:GH_CLI_PATH pr list

# List recent workflow runs
{GH_CLI_PATH} run list --limit 5

# View specific run
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs

# Create pull request
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr create --title "Title" --body "Description"

# List issues
{GH_CLI_PATH} issue list

# Create repository
{GH_CLI_PATH} repo create my-repo --public

# After verifying {PYTHON_PATH} works, update cache
# The agent should read_file, modify, and write back

# Using environment variable (recommended)
& $env:GH_CLI_PATH run list --limit 5

# Or with default path
{GH_CLI_PATH} run list --limit 5

# View specific run details
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs

# Check job status
{GH_CLI_PATH} run view <run-id> --json jobs --jq ".jobs[] | {name, conclusion}"

# Create a pull request
{GH_CLI_PATH} pr create --title "Title" --body "Description"

# List open issues
{GH_CLI_PATH} issue list

Important Rules

1. NEVER use && in Windows PowerShell 5.x - use ; instead (e.g., cd path; git pull)
2. NEVER use heredoc (<<EOF) in PowerShell - it ALWAYS fails
3. Use simple strings for git commit messages: git commit -m "message"
4. Use multiple -m flags for multi-line commits: -m "Title" -m "Body"
5. Use full tool paths on Windows to avoid PATH issues
6. Prefer simple commands that work across platforms
7. Check user_info.Shell - if powershell.exe, apply Windows PowerShell 5.x rules

Git Commit - Quick Reference

# CORRECT - Simple message
git commit -m "feat: Add new feature"

# CORRECT - Multi-line with multiple -m
git commit -m "feat: Add new feature" -m "Detailed description here"

# WRONG - NEVER DO THIS IN POWERSHELL
git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
message
EOF
)"

# CORRECT - Simple message
git commit -m "feat: Add new feature"

# CORRECT - Multi-line with multiple -m
git commit -m "feat: Add new feature" -m "Detailed description here"

# WRONG - NEVER DO THIS IN POWERSHELL
git commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
message
EOF
)"

Prerequisites

[!IMPORTANT] Requirements:

When to Use

Placeholder content for When to Use.

Best Practices

Placeholder content for Best Practices.