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writing-idiomatic-python

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更新日2026年6月12日 20:28

Use when writing or reviewing Python (3.10+) — modern idioms for typing, data modeling, control flow, and standard-library use, plus the anti-patterns to avoid (mutable default args, bare except, manual index loops, string-built paths).

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meaganewaller

meaganewaller/rosetta

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Writing idiomatic Python

Idiomatic Python is readable, explicit where it counts, and leans on the standard library and the language's protocols rather than reinventing them. Target 3.10+.

Typing

Add type hints to public functions and dataclass fields. Use built-in generics (list[int], dict[str, int]), X | None over Optional[X], and from __future__ import annotations only when you need forward refs.
Prefer @dataclass (or typing.NamedTuple) over hand-written __init__/__eq__.
Use typing.Protocol for structural typing instead of forcing inheritance.

Control flow

EAFP over LBYL: try/except around the operation rather than pre-checking, when the happy path dominates.
Use comprehensions and generator expressions for map/filter; reach for a loop when there are side effects. Don't build a list just to iterate it once — use a generator.
Use match for structural dispatch over long isinstance chains.
Guard clauses and early return over deep nesting.

Standard library

pathlib.Path for filesystem paths, never string concatenation or os.path for new code.
enumerate / zip instead of range(len(...)) index gymnastics.
with (context managers) for files, locks, and any acquire/release pair.
collections (defaultdict, Counter), itertools, and functools (cache, reduce) before hand-rolling.
f"…" for formatting; logging, not print, for diagnostics.

Anti-patterns to flag

Mutable default arguments (def f(x=[])) — use None and create inside.
Bare except: or except Exception that swallows — catch specific types, re-raise or log.
Comparing to None/True with == instead of is.
Manually closing files instead of with.
import *; deep wildcard imports.

Run a formatter and linter (Black/Ruff) — idioms are about the patterns above, not whitespace. American English in identifiers and comments.

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name	writing-idiomatic-python
description	Use when writing or reviewing Python (3.10+) — modern idioms for typing, data modeling, control flow, and standard-library use, plus the anti-patterns to avoid (mutable default args, bare except, manual index loops, string-built paths).

Writing idiomatic Python

Idiomatic Python is readable, explicit where it counts, and leans on the standard library and the language's protocols rather than reinventing them. Target 3.10+.

Typing

Add type hints to public functions and dataclass fields. Use built-in generics (list[int], dict[str, int]), X | None over Optional[X], and from __future__ import annotations only when you need forward refs.
Prefer @dataclass (or typing.NamedTuple) over hand-written __init__/__eq__.
Use typing.Protocol for structural typing instead of forcing inheritance.

Control flow

EAFP over LBYL: try/except around the operation rather than pre-checking, when the happy path dominates.
Use comprehensions and generator expressions for map/filter; reach for a loop when there are side effects. Don't build a list just to iterate it once — use a generator.
Use match for structural dispatch over long isinstance chains.
Guard clauses and early return over deep nesting.

Standard library

pathlib.Path for filesystem paths, never string concatenation or os.path for new code.
enumerate / zip instead of range(len(...)) index gymnastics.
with (context managers) for files, locks, and any acquire/release pair.
collections (defaultdict, Counter), itertools, and functools (cache, reduce) before hand-rolling.
f"…" for formatting; logging, not print, for diagnostics.

Anti-patterns to flag

Mutable default arguments (def f(x=[])) — use None and create inside.
Bare except: or except Exception that swallows — catch specific types, re-raise or log.
Comparing to None/True with == instead of is.
Manually closing files instead of with.
import *; deep wildcard imports.

Run a formatter and linter (Black/Ruff) — idioms are about the patterns above, not whitespace. American English in identifiers and comments.