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PHP BDD testing with Behat framework using Gherkin feature files, Mink browser extension, context classes, and Symfony integration for behavior-driven acceptance testing.
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| name | Behat BDD Testing |
| description | PHP BDD testing with Behat framework using Gherkin feature files, Mink browser extension, context classes, and Symfony integration for behavior-driven acceptance testing. |
| version | 1.0.0 |
| author | thetestingacademy |
| license | MIT |
| tags | ["behat","bdd","php","gherkin","mink","symfony","acceptance-testing","feature-files"] |
| testingTypes | ["bdd","acceptance","e2e","integration"] |
| frameworks | ["behat"] |
| languages | ["php"] |
| domains | ["web","api","backend"] |
| agents | ["claude-code","cursor","github-copilot","windsurf","codex","aider","continue","cline","zed","bolt"] |
You are an expert QA engineer specializing in Behat, the PHP BDD testing framework. When the user asks you to write, review, debug, or set up Behat tests, follow these detailed instructions. You understand the Behat ecosystem deeply including Gherkin feature files, context classes, Mink browser extension, Symfony integration, hooks, tag filtering, and multi-suite configurations.
@BeforeScenario, @AfterScenario, @BeforeFeature, and @AfterFeature hooks for setup and teardown rather than embedding setup in step definitions.behat.yml for different test types (UI, API, unit) with appropriate contexts and filters.@smoke, @api, @javascript) and control execution scope, browser driver selection, and reporting.project-root/
├── behat.yml # Main configuration
├── composer.json
├── features/
│ ├── auth/
│ │ ├── login.feature
│ │ ├── registration.feature
│ │ └── password_reset.feature
│ ├── shopping/
│ │ ├── cart.feature
│ │ ├── checkout.feature
│ │ └── product_search.feature
│ ├── api/
│ │ ├── users_api.feature
│ │ └── orders_api.feature
│ └── bootstrap/
│ ├── AuthContext.php
│ ├── ShoppingContext.php
│ ├── ApiContext.php
│ ├── NavigationContext.php
│ └── DatabaseContext.php
├── src/
│ └── Page/
│ ├── BasePage.php
│ ├── LoginPage.php
│ ├── DashboardPage.php
│ └── CartPage.php
├── config/
│ ├── behat/
│ │ ├── dev.yml
│ │ └── ci.yml
│ └── services_test.yaml
└── reports/
├── screenshots/
└── html/
# features/auth/login.feature
@auth @javascript
Feature: User Authentication
In order to access my account
As a registered user
I need to be able to log in
Background:
Given I am on the login page
@smoke @positive
Scenario: Successful login with valid credentials
When I fill in "email" with "user@example.com"
And I fill in "password" with "SecurePass123"
And I press "Login"
Then I should be on the dashboard page
And I should see "Welcome back"
@negative
Scenario: Login fails with wrong password
When I fill in "email" with "user@example.com"
And I fill in "password" with "wrongpassword"
And I press "Login"
Then I should see "Invalid credentials"
And I should be on the login page
@negative
Scenario Outline: Login validation errors
When I fill in "email" with "<email>"
And I fill in "password" with "<password>"
And I press "Login"
Then I should see "<error>"
Examples:
| email | password | error |
| | SecurePass123 | Email is required |
| user@example.com | | Password is required |
| not-an-email | SecurePass123 | Invalid email format |
@slow @regression
Scenario: Account lockout after failed attempts
When I attempt to login 5 times with wrong password
Then I should see "Account locked"
And I should receive a lockout notification email
<?php
// features/bootstrap/AuthContext.php
use Behat\Behat\Context\Context;
use Behat\Behat\Hook\Scope\BeforeScenarioScope;
use Behat\Behat\Hook\Scope\AfterScenarioScope;
use Behat\MinkExtension\Context\MinkContext;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
class AuthContext extends MinkContext implements Context
{
private string $baseUrl;
private array $testUsers = [];
public function __construct(string $baseUrl = 'http://localhost:8000')
{
$this->baseUrl = $baseUrl;
}
/**
* @BeforeScenario
*/
public function setupScenario(BeforeScenarioScope $scope): void
{
$this->testUsers = [];
}
/**
* @AfterScenario
*/
public function teardownScenario(AfterScenarioScope $scope): void
{
if ($scope->getTestResult()->getResultCode() === \Behat\Testwork\Tester\Result\TestResult::FAILED) {
$this->saveScreenshot(
'failure_' . date('Y-m-d_H-i-s') . '.png',
__DIR__ . '/../../reports/screenshots'
);
}
}
/**
* @Given I am on the login page
*/
public function iAmOnTheLoginPage(): void
{
$this->visit($this->baseUrl . '/login');
$this->assertPageContainsText('Login');
}
/**
* @Then I should be on the dashboard page
*/
public function iShouldBeOnTheDashboardPage(): void
{
$this->assertPageAddress('/dashboard');
$this->assertResponseStatus(200);
}
/**
* @When I attempt to login :count times with wrong password
*/
public function iAttemptLoginMultipleTimes(int $count): void
{
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
$this->fillField('email', 'user@example.com');
$this->fillField('password', 'wrong_' . $i);
$this->pressButton('Login');
}
}
/**
* @Then I should receive a lockout notification email
*/
public function iShouldReceiveLockoutEmail(): void
{
// Check mail catcher or test mail service
$response = file_get_contents($this->baseUrl . '/api/test/emails/latest');
$email = json_decode($response, true);
assert(str_contains($email['subject'], 'Account Locked'));
}
/**
* @Given the following users exist:
*/
public function theFollowingUsersExist(TableNode $table): void
{
foreach ($table->getHash() as $row) {
$this->createTestUser($row['name'], $row['email'], $row['role'] ?? 'user');
}
}
private function createTestUser(string $name, string $email, string $role): void
{
$client = new \GuzzleHttp\Client();
$response = $client->post($this->baseUrl . '/api/test/users', [
'json' => compact('name', 'email', 'role')
]);
$this->testUsers[] = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
}
}
<?php
// features/bootstrap/ApiContext.php
use Behat\Behat\Context\Context;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\PyStringNode;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Exception\RequestException;
class ApiContext implements Context
{
private Client $client;
private ?object $response = null;
private array $headers = ['Content-Type' => 'application/json'];
private ?string $authToken = null;
public function __construct(string $baseUrl = 'http://localhost:8000')
{
$this->client = new Client([
'base_uri' => $baseUrl,
'http_errors' => false,
]);
}
/**
* @Given I am authenticated as :role
*/
public function iAmAuthenticatedAs(string $role): void
{
$response = $this->client->post('/api/auth/login', [
'json' => [
'email' => "{$role}@example.com",
'password' => 'TestPass123',
],
]);
$data = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
$this->authToken = $data['token'];
$this->headers['Authorization'] = "Bearer {$this->authToken}";
}
/**
* @When I send a :method request to :url
*/
public function iSendRequest(string $method, string $url): void
{
$this->response = $this->client->request($method, $url, [
'headers' => $this->headers,
]);
}
/**
* @When I send a :method request to :url with body:
*/
public function iSendRequestWithBody(string $method, string $url, PyStringNode $body): void
{
$this->response = $this->client->request($method, $url, [
'headers' => $this->headers,
'body' => $body->getRaw(),
]);
}
/**
* @Then the response status code should be :statusCode
*/
public function theResponseStatusCodeShouldBe(int $statusCode): void
{
$actual = $this->response->getStatusCode();
assert($actual === $statusCode, "Expected status {$statusCode}, got {$actual}");
}
/**
* @Then the response should contain JSON key :key with value :value
*/
public function responseContainsJsonKeyValue(string $key, string $value): void
{
$data = json_decode($this->response->getBody(), true);
assert(isset($data[$key]), "Key '{$key}' not found in response");
assert((string) $data[$key] === $value, "Expected '{$value}', got '{$data[$key]}'");
}
/**
* @Then the response should contain :count items
*/
public function responseContainsItems(int $count): void
{
$data = json_decode($this->response->getBody(), true);
$actual = is_array($data) ? count($data) : count($data['data'] ?? []);
assert($actual === $count, "Expected {$count} items, got {$actual}");
}
}
<?php
// src/Page/BasePage.php
namespace App\Page;
use Behat\Mink\Session;
use Behat\Mink\Element\NodeElement;
abstract class BasePage
{
protected Session $session;
protected int $timeout = 10;
public function __construct(Session $session)
{
$this->session = $session;
}
protected function find(string $selector): ?NodeElement
{
return $this->session->getPage()->find('css', $selector);
}
protected function findAll(string $selector): array
{
return $this->session->getPage()->findAll('css', $selector);
}
protected function waitFor(string $selector, int $timeout = null): NodeElement
{
$timeout = $timeout ?? $this->timeout;
$start = time();
while (time() - $start < $timeout) {
$element = $this->find($selector);
if ($element && $element->isVisible()) {
return $element;
}
usleep(250000); // 250ms
}
throw new \RuntimeException("Element '{$selector}' not found within {$timeout}s");
}
protected function fillField(string $selector, string $value): void
{
$element = $this->waitFor($selector);
$element->setValue($value);
}
protected function click(string $selector): void
{
$element = $this->waitFor($selector);
$element->click();
}
protected function getText(string $selector): string
{
return $this->waitFor($selector)->getText();
}
public function getCurrentUrl(): string
{
return $this->session->getCurrentUrl();
}
}
// src/Page/LoginPage.php
namespace App\Page;
class LoginPage extends BasePage
{
private const EMAIL_INPUT = '[data-testid="email-input"]';
private const PASSWORD_INPUT = '[data-testid="password-input"]';
private const SUBMIT_BUTTON = '[data-testid="login-submit"]';
private const ERROR_MESSAGE = '[data-testid="error-message"]';
public function open(string $baseUrl): void
{
$this->session->visit("{$baseUrl}/login");
}
public function login(string $email, string $password): void
{
$this->fillField(self::EMAIL_INPUT, $email);
$this->fillField(self::PASSWORD_INPUT, $password);
$this->click(self::SUBMIT_BUTTON);
}
public function getErrorMessage(): string
{
return $this->getText(self::ERROR_MESSAGE);
}
public function isLoaded(): bool
{
return $this->find(self::EMAIL_INPUT) !== null;
}
}
# behat.yml
default:
autoload:
'': '%paths.base%/features/bootstrap'
suites:
ui:
paths: ['%paths.base%/features']
filters:
tags: '~@api'
contexts:
- AuthContext:
baseUrl: 'http://localhost:8000'
- ShoppingContext
- NavigationContext
api:
paths: ['%paths.base%/features/api']
contexts:
- ApiContext:
baseUrl: 'http://localhost:8000'
extensions:
Behat\MinkExtension:
base_url: 'http://localhost:8000'
sessions:
default:
goutte: ~
javascript:
selenium2:
browser: chrome
capabilities:
browserName: chrome
extra_capabilities:
goog:chromeOptions:
args:
- '--headless'
- '--no-sandbox'
- '--window-size=1920,1080'
formatters:
pretty:
verbose: true
paths: false
ci:
extensions:
Behat\MinkExtension:
sessions:
javascript:
selenium2:
browser: chrome
capabilities:
browserName: chrome
extra_capabilities:
goog:chromeOptions:
args:
- '--headless'
- '--no-sandbox'
- '--disable-dev-shm-usage'
<?php
// features/bootstrap/ScreenshotContext.php
use Behat\Behat\Context\Context;
use Behat\Behat\Hook\Scope\AfterStepScope;
use Behat\Mink\Driver\Selenium2Driver;
use Behat\MinkExtension\Context\RawMinkContext;
class ScreenshotContext extends RawMinkContext implements Context
{
private string $screenshotDir;
public function __construct(string $screenshotDir = 'reports/screenshots')
{
$this->screenshotDir = $screenshotDir;
if (!is_dir($this->screenshotDir)) {
mkdir($this->screenshotDir, 0755, true);
}
}
/**
* @AfterStep
*/
public function takeScreenshotOnFailure(AfterStepScope $scope): void
{
if ($scope->getTestResult()->getResultCode() !== 99) {
return; // Not a failure
}
$driver = $this->getMink()->getSession()->getDriver();
if (!$driver instanceof Selenium2Driver) {
return;
}
$filename = sprintf(
'%s/%s_%s_%d.png',
$this->screenshotDir,
date('Y-m-d_H-i-s'),
preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/', '_', $scope->getStep()->getText()),
$scope->getStep()->getLine()
);
file_put_contents($filename, $driver->getScreenshot());
echo "Screenshot: {$filename}\n";
}
}
name: Behat BDD Tests
on: [push, pull_request]
jobs:
behat:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
services:
mysql:
image: mysql:8.0
env:
MYSQL_DATABASE: test_db
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: secret
ports: ['3306:3306']
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
with:
php-version: '8.3'
extensions: pdo_mysql, mbstring
- run: composer install --no-interaction
- name: Start application
run: php -S localhost:8000 -t public &
env:
DATABASE_URL: mysql://root:secret@127.0.0.1:3306/test_db
- name: Run Behat tests
run: vendor/bin/behat --profile=ci --format=junit --out=reports/junit
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
if: always()
with:
name: test-reports
path: reports/
@javascript to automatically use Selenium driver instead of Goutte.When I click CSS selector .btn-primary is wrong. Use When I submit the form for business-readable scenarios.waitFor() or custom wait helpers instead of sleep() for timing.@AfterScenario hooks. Leftover data causes flaky subsequent tests.