using-drizzle-queries

name	using-drizzle-queries
description	Write type-safe Postgres queries with Drizzle ORM (select/insert/update/delete, relations, new tables). Use when querying or mutating the database or adding a Drizzle table.

Drizzle Queries

Write type-safe Postgres queries with Drizzle ORM.

Prerequisites

Complete these setup recipes first:

• Neon + Drizzle Setup

Selecting

Import db from @/lib/db/client and operators from drizzle-orm. For a single row, .limit(1) then take rows[0].

import { db } from "@/lib/db/client";
import { chats } from "@/lib/chat/schema";
import { eq, desc } from "drizzle-orm";

const allChats = await db.select().from(chats);

const userChats = await db
  .select()
  .from(chats)
  .where(eq(chats.userId, userId))
  .orderBy(desc(chats.createdAt));

const chat = await db
  .select()
  .from(chats)
  .where(eq(chats.id, chatId))
  .limit(1)
  .then((rows) => rows[0]);

Inserting

Use .returning() when the inserted row is needed back.

const [newChat] = await db
  .insert(chats)
  .values({ userId, title: "New Chat" })
  .returning();

await db.insert(messages).values([
  { chatId, role: "user", content: "Hello" },
  { chatId, role: "assistant", content: "Hi there!" },
]);

Updating

await db
  .update(chats)
  .set({ title: "Updated Title" })
  .where(eq(chats.id, chatId));

Deleting

await db.delete(chats).where(eq(chats.id, chatId));

Relational Queries

Use db.query.<table> for relations instead of manual joins.

const chatWithMessages = await db.query.chats.findFirst({
  where: eq(chats.id, chatId),
  with: {
    messages: {
      orderBy: (messages, { asc }) => [asc(messages.createdAt)],
    },
  },
});

Adding a Table

Co-locate the schema in the feature's library folder, register it on the shared client, then migrate.

// src/lib/feature/schema.ts
import { pgTable, text, uuid, timestamp } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";

export const items = pgTable("items", {
  id: uuid("id").primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
  name: text("name").notNull(),
  createdAt: timestamp("created_at").defaultNow().notNull(),
});

// src/lib/db/client.ts
import * as itemSchema from "@/lib/feature/schema";

const schema = { ...authSchema, ...chatSchema, ...itemSchema };

bun run db:generate
bun run db:migrate

---

References

• Drizzle ORM Select
• Drizzle ORM Insert
• Drizzle ORM Relational Queries