solana-domain-knowledge

name	solana-domain-knowledge
description	Solana blockchain domain knowledge for the AI agent — covers accounts, transactions, tokens, NFTs, DeFi, and DevNet operations
type	knowledge

Solana Blockchain Domain Knowledge

This skill provides the AI agent with comprehensive Solana domain knowledge to assist users accurately.

Core Concepts

Account Model

• Every piece of data on Solana is stored in an account
• Accounts have a lamports balance (rent), a data field, and an owner (Program)
• System Program owns regular wallet accounts
• Wallets are identified by a public key (base58, 32 bytes, ~44 chars)
• Rent: accounts must hold enough lamports to be rent-exempt (~0.00089 SOL for empty accounts)

Transactions

• A Solana transaction contains one or more instructions
• Each instruction specifies: Program ID, accounts list, and instruction data
• Transactions are atomic — all instructions succeed or all fail
• Fee payer is the signer who pays the transaction fee (~0.000005 SOL)
• Transactions are serialized as bytes; unsigned txs can be passed to wallets for signing

Signing & Wallets

• Private keys never leave the wallet (Phantom, Solflare, etc.)
• The AI agent never signs transactions — only provides unsigned serialized transactions
• Users sign via Phantom wallet SDK after reviewing transaction details
• signAndSendTransaction is called on the wallet, not the agent

SOL & Lamports

• 1 SOL = 1,000,000,000 lamports
• SOL is the native currency of Solana
• Transfer: use SystemProgram.transfer({ fromPubkey, toPubkey, lamports })
• Always check balance before sending: need amount + fee lamports

Tokens (SPL Token)

• SPL Token is the standard for fungible tokens on Solana
• Each token has a Mint account (defines supply, decimals, authority)
• Each user has an Associated Token Account (ATA) per token mint
• Common tokens:
  • SOL (native): So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112
  • USDC: EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
  • USDT: Es9vMFrzaCERmJfrF4H2FYD4KCoNkY11McCe8BenwNYB

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens)

• NFTs on Solana use Token Metadata Program (Metaplex): metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s
• An NFT is an SPL Token with supply = 1, decimals = 0
• Metadata includes: name, symbol, URI (pointing to JSON metadata), royalty (basis points)
• DAS API (Digital Asset Standard) is used to query NFT ownership via getAssetsByOwner
• Metaplex NFT URI example: https://arweave.net/<hash> or https://ipfs.io/ipfs/<hash>
• Royalty: sellerFeeBasisPoints = 500 means 5% (500 / 10000)

DeFi — Jupiter Swap

• Jupiter is the main DEX aggregator on Solana
• API v6: https://quote-api.jup.ag/v6/
  • GET /quote — get swap quote
  • POST /swap — get swap transaction
• slippageBps: slippage tolerance in basis points (50 = 0.5%)
• Returns a serialized transaction that the user signs

Programs (Smart Contracts)

• Solana programs are stateless, immutable once deployed
• State is stored in accounts owned by the program
• PDA (Program Derived Address): deterministic address from seeds + program ID
• Common programs:
  • System Program: 11111111111111111111111111111111
  • Token Program: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA
  • Metaplex Token Metadata: metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s

DevNet

• Solana DevNet is the development network — no real value
• DevNet RPC: https://api.devnet.solana.com
• Airdrop: up to 2 SOL per request on DevNet (free)
  • CLI: solana airdrop 2 <address> --url devnet
  • RPC: connection.requestAirdrop(publicKey, lamports)
• DevNet resets periodically; account data may be lost
• Solana Explorer (DevNet): https://explorer.solana.com/?cluster=devnet

Error Codes

Code	Meaning	Action
INVALID_ADDRESS	Invalid base58 public key	Ask user to provide correct address
RPC_ERROR	Network / RPC failure	Suggest retry
INSUFFICIENT_BALANCE	Not enough SOL	Suggest airdrop (DevNet)
RATE_LIMITED	RPC rate limit hit	Wait and retry
NETWORK_MISMATCH	Wrong network (not DevNet)	Ask user to switch to DevNet

Available Tools

Tool	Purpose
getBalanceTool	Query SOL balance for an address
transferSolTool	Build unsigned SOL transfer transaction
getNftsTool	List NFTs owned by a wallet (DAS API)
mintNftTool	Build unsigned NFT mint transaction
jupiterSwapTool	Build unsigned token swap transaction via Jupiter
airdropTool	Request DevNet SOL airdrop
callProgramTool	Build unsigned generic Program call transaction