| name | diagnose |
| description | Use this skill when the user reports a bug, says something is broken, throwing errors, or failing — even if they don't say "diagnose" or "debug". Also use for performance regressions, when the user says something is slow, degraded, or slower than before. Follows a feedback-loop → reproduce + minimise → hypothesise → instrument → fix → regression-test loop. |
Diagnose
A discipline for hard bugs. Skip phases only when explicitly justified.
This skill is for the execution/debugging agent after routing. Router Diagnostic Triage stays read-only: it may gather
evidence and route with "use diagnose", but it should not build the feedback loop, instrument, or attempt the fix.
When exploring the codebase, read CONTEXT.md if it exists to get a clear mental model of the relevant domain language,
and check ADRs in the area you're touching.
Phase 1 — Build a feedback loop
This is the skill. Everything else is mechanical. If you have a tight pass/fail signal for the bug — one that
goes red on this bug — you will find the cause; bisection, hypothesis-testing, and instrumentation all just consume
that signal. If you don't have one, no amount of staring at code will save you.
Spend disproportionate effort here. Be aggressive. Be creative. Refuse to give up.
Ways to construct one — try them in roughly this order
- Failing test at whatever seam reaches the bug — unit, integration, e2e.
- Curl / HTTP script against a running dev server.
- CLI invocation with a fixture input, diffing stdout against a known-good snapshot.
- Headless browser script (Playwright / Puppeteer) — drives the UI, asserts on DOM/console/network.
- Replay a captured trace. Save a real network request / payload / event log to disk; replay it through the code
path in isolation.
- Throwaway harness. Spin up a minimal subset of the system (one service, mocked deps) that exercises the bug code
path with a single function call.
- Property / fuzz loop. If the bug is "sometimes wrong output", run 1000 random inputs and look for the failure
mode.
- Bisection harness. If the bug appeared between two known states (commit, dataset, version), automate "boot at
state X, check, repeat" so you can
git bisect run it.
- Differential loop. Run the same input through old-version vs new-version (or two configs) and diff outputs.
- HITL bash script. Last resort. If a human must click, drive them with
scripts/hitl-loop.template.sh so the
loop is still structured. Captured output feeds back to you.
Build the right feedback loop, and the bug is 90% fixed.
Tighten the loop
Treat the loop as a product. Once you have a loop, tighten it:
- Can I make it faster? (Cache setup, skip unrelated init, narrow the test scope.)
- Can I make the signal sharper? (Assert on the specific symptom, not "didn't crash".)
- Can I make it more deterministic? (Pin time, seed RNG, isolate filesystem, freeze network.)
A 30-second flaky loop is barely better than no loop; a 2-second deterministic one is tight — a debugging superpower.
Non-deterministic bugs
The goal is not a clean repro but a higher reproduction rate. Loop the trigger 100×, parallelise, add stress, narrow
timing windows, inject sleeps. A 50%-flake bug is debuggable; 1% is not — keep raising the rate until it's debuggable.
When you genuinely cannot build a loop
Stop and say so explicitly. List what you tried. Ask the user for: (a) access to whatever environment reproduces it, (b)
a captured artifact (HAR file, log dump, core dump, screen recording with timestamps), or (c) permission to add
temporary production instrumentation. Do not proceed to hypothesise without a loop.
Completion criterion — a tight loop that goes red
Phase 1 is done when the loop is tight and red-capable: you can name one command — a script path, test
invocation, curl command, or equivalent — that you have already run at least once, and that is:
If you catch yourself reading code to build a theory before this command exists, stop. Jumping straight to a hypothesis
is the exact failure this skill prevents. No red-capable command, no Phase 2.
Phase 2 — Reproduce + minimise
Run the loop. Watch it go red — the bug appears.
Confirm:
Minimise
Once the loop is red, shrink the repro to the smallest scenario that still goes red. Cut inputs, callers, config,
data, and steps one at a time, re-running the loop after each cut. Keep only what's load-bearing for the failure.
Why bother: a minimal repro shrinks the hypothesis space in Phase 3 and becomes the clean regression test in Phase 5.
Done when every remaining element is load-bearing: removing any one of them makes the loop go green.
Do not proceed until you have reproduced and minimised.
Phase 3 — Hypothesise
Generate 3–5 ranked hypotheses before testing any of them. Single-hypothesis generation anchors on the first
plausible idea.
Each hypothesis must be falsifiable: state the prediction it makes.
Format: "If is the cause, then will make the bug disappear / will make it worse."
If you cannot state the prediction, the hypothesis is a vibe — discard or sharpen it.
Show the ranked list to the user before testing. They often have domain knowledge that re-ranks instantly ("we just
deployed a change to #3"), or know hypotheses they've already ruled out. Cheap checkpoint, big time saver. Don't block
on it — proceed with your ranking if the user is AFK.
Phase 4 — Instrument
Each probe must map to a specific prediction from Phase 3. Change one variable at a time.
Tool preference:
- Debugger / REPL inspection if the env supports it. One breakpoint beats ten logs.
- Targeted logs at the boundaries that distinguish hypotheses.
- Never "log everything and grep".
Tag every debug log with a unique prefix, e.g. [DEBUG-a4f2]. Cleanup at the end becomes a single grep. Untagged
logs survive; tagged logs die.
Perf branch. For performance regressions, logs are usually wrong. Instead: establish a baseline measurement (timing
harness, performance.now(), profiler, query plan), then bisect. Measure first, fix second.
Phase 5 — Fix + regression test
Write the regression test before the fix — but only if there is a correct seam for it.
A correct seam is one where the test exercises the real bug pattern as it occurs at the call site. If the only
available seam is too shallow (single-caller test when the bug needs multiple callers, unit test that can't replicate
the chain that triggered the bug), a regression test there gives false confidence.
If no correct seam exists, that itself is the finding. Note it. The codebase architecture is preventing the bug from
being locked down. Flag this for the next phase.
If a correct seam exists:
- Turn the minimised repro into a failing test at that seam.
- Watch it fail.
- Apply the fix.
- Watch it pass.
- Re-run the Phase 1 feedback loop against the original (un-minimised) scenario.
Phase 6 — Cleanup + post-mortem
Required before declaring done:
Then ask: what would have prevented this bug? If the answer involves architectural change (no good test seam,
tangled callers, hidden coupling) hand off to the /improve-codebase-architecture skill with the specifics. Make the
recommendation after the fix is in, not before — you have more information now than when you started.
