tdd

name	tdd
description	Test-driven development with red-green-refactor loop, including frontend slices verified against a Figma design source via Storybook stories and an agent-browser visual gate. Use when user wants to build features or fix bugs using TDD, mentions "red-green-refactor", wants integration tests, asks for test-first development, or wants to implement a UI/component/page from a Figma design.

Test-Driven Development

Philosophy

Core principle: Tests should verify behavior through public interfaces, not implementation details. Code can change entirely; tests shouldn't.

Good tests are integration-style: they exercise real code paths through public APIs. They describe what the system does, not how it does it. A good test reads like a specification - "user can checkout with valid cart" tells you exactly what capability exists. These tests survive refactors because they don't care about internal structure.

Bad tests are coupled to implementation. They mock internal collaborators, test private methods, or verify through external means (like querying a database directly instead of using the interface). The warning sign: your test breaks when you refactor, but behavior hasn't changed. If you rename an internal function and tests fail, those tests were testing implementation, not behavior.

See tests.md for examples and mocking.md for mocking guidelines.

Anti-Pattern: Horizontal Slices

DO NOT write all tests first, then all implementation. This is "horizontal slicing" - treating RED as "write all tests" and GREEN as "write all code."

This produces crap tests:

• Tests written in bulk test imagined behavior, not actual behavior
• You end up testing the shape of things (data structures, function signatures) rather than user-facing behavior
• Tests become insensitive to real changes - they pass when behavior breaks, fail when behavior is fine
• You outrun your headlights, committing to test structure before understanding the implementation

Correct approach: Vertical slices via tracer bullets. One test → one implementation → repeat. Each test responds to what you learned from the previous cycle. Because you just wrote the code, you know exactly what behavior matters and how to verify it.

WRONG (horizontal):
  RED:   test1, test2, test3, test4, test5
  GREEN: impl1, impl2, impl3, impl4, impl5

RIGHT (vertical):
  RED→GREEN: test1→impl1
  RED→GREEN: test2→impl2
  RED→GREEN: test3→impl3
  ...

Workflow

1. Planning

When exploring the codebase, use the project's domain glossary so that test names and interface vocabulary match the project's language, and respect ADRs in the area you're touching. Follow the project's commit style when committing through the loop, and the project's breadcrumb convention when capturing in-impl decisions for later review — both are documented in the project's agent docs if the project uses them.

Before writing any code:

• Confirm with user what interface changes are needed
• Confirm with user which behaviors to test (prioritize)
• Identify opportunities for deep modules (small interface, deep implementation)
• Design interfaces for testability
• List the behaviors to test (not implementation steps)
• If the slice renders UI, route through frontend-verification.md for the visual-cycle rules and the agent-browser-vs-design-source gate
• Get user approval on the plan

Ask: "What should the public interface look like? Which behaviors are most important to test?"

You can't test everything. Confirm with the user exactly which behaviors matter most. Focus testing effort on critical paths and complex logic, not every possible edge case.

2. Tracer Bullet

Write ONE test that confirms ONE thing about the system:

RED:   Write test for first behavior → test fails
GREEN: Write minimal code to pass → test passes

This is your tracer bullet - proves the path works end-to-end.

For visual slices, the RED artifact may be a story or a dev-route render rather than a test, and GREEN is closed by the visual gate. Same vertical-slicing rule. See frontend-verification.md.

3. Incremental Loop

For each remaining behavior:

RED:   Write next test → fails
GREEN: Minimal code to pass → passes

Rules:

• One test at a time
• Only enough code to pass current test
• Don't anticipate future tests
• Keep tests focused on observable behavior

4. Refactor

After all tests pass, look for refactor candidates:

• Extract duplication
• Deepen modules (move complexity behind simple interfaces)
• Apply SOLID principles where natural
• Consider what new code reveals about existing code
• Run tests after each refactor step

Never refactor while RED. Get to GREEN first.

Checklist Per Cycle

[ ] Test describes behavior, not implementation
[ ] Test uses public interface only
[ ] Test would survive internal refactor
[ ] Code is minimal for this test
[ ] No speculative features added
[ ] Commit follows the project's commit style (one logical change per commit)
[ ] Any non-obvious in-impl decision is captured as a breadcrumb

Breadcrumbs

On a non-obvious in-impl choice, append an entry to .scratch/<feature>/decisions.md per the project's breadcrumb convention. Skip mechanical or obvious choices — noise makes reviewers stop reading. Big architectural calls belong in an ADR, not a breadcrumb.

When the loop ends, the next step is /prepare-for-review.