bash

name	bash
description	Use when editing, writing, or debugging Bash or POSIX shell scripts, shell-based automation, CLI wrappers, dotfiles, CI scripts, or when Bash style, safety, portability, or shell testing matter. Use when writing Bash code inside Markdown fenced code blocks. Always load this skill before writing or modifying any Bash code, even if the task seems straightforward — the skill catches subtle pitfalls that are easy to overlook.
metadata	{"author":"https://github.com/roktas","version":"1.0.0"}

Bash

Style

• Indent - 1 tab (8 spaces). Do NOT convert tabs to spaces.

• Scope - Use local for local vars, readonly for globals.

• Local order - In functions, declare locals assigned from positional arguments first, in positional order. Then leave one blank line and declare the function's other local variables alphabetically.

• Conditions - Always use [[ ... ]]. Use &&/|| instead of -a/-o.

• Quotes - Quote only necessary elements (e.g., "$HOME"/path/to/file).

• Ops - Use $(...) for capture, = for string equality.

• Case - No indent for case patterns, 1 tab for body.

  case $var
  # pattern
  a)
  	# body
  	...
  	;;
  esac
  

• Alphabetize arrays, dicts, assignments, and functions if order is irrelevant.

• Script layout - In standalone scripts, group content in this order:

  1. Prelude
  2. Helpers
  3. Commands
  4. Main

  Do not add a heading for the prelude. The prelude contains only the shebang, the standard prelude, global variables if any, and then core functions such as abort and warn, alphabetized.

  Add the other section headings in this exact shape, with 120 hyphens:

  # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Helpers
  # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  
  

  Keep functions alphabetized inside each section.

• Command functions - In scripts that expose top-level commands, name command entrypoint functions with the command. prefix, such as command.start() or command.doctor().

• Main section - Put non-command functions used directly by main, such as usage, dispatch, or help, in the Main section alphabetically. The main function itself is always the last function in the Main section regardless of alphabetical order.

Patterns

• POSIX sh contexts: If the target interpreter is sh, /bin/sh, POSIX shell, or a remote heredoc that will be read by sh, do not use the Bash prelude or Bash-only style rules. The Bash prelude below is only for scripts that actually run under Bash. For POSIX sh, use a small compatible prelude such as:

  set -eu
  unset CDPATH
  

  Do not add set -o pipefail, set -E, [[ ... ]], arrays, local, source, function name { ...; }, process substitution, here-strings, brace expansion, mapfile, readarray, $'...' strings, or Bash redirections such as &>/dev/null. Use POSIX forms instead: [ ... ], case, . file, name() { ...; }, explicit loops, temp files, here-documents, printf, and >/dev/null 2>&1. Check POSIX-targeted snippets with shellcheck -s sh when practical.

• Prelude: Place the following block, including the blank lines, at the beginning of the file

  #!/usr/bin/env bash
  
  set -Eeuo pipefail
  [[ -z ${TRACE:-} ]] || set -x
  unset CDPATH
  
  

• Nullglob: When a script uses glob patterns that may match nothing, add shopt -s nullglob to the prelude after the standard options:

  shopt -s nullglob
  

  Without this, an unmatched glob such as *.txt produces the literal string *.txt:

  # When no .txt files exist, this iterates over the single string "*.txt"
  for f in *.txt; do
  	...
  done
  

• Error Handling

  abort() {
  	warn "E: $*"
  	exit 1
  }
  
  warn() {
  	echo -e "$*" >&2
  }
  

• Main function - Use main() { ... } and call main "$@".

• Efficiency - Use shell substitution (${0##*/}) over external tools (basename)

• Silence - If the command offers a quiet option for silent operation, use that option, ie. grep -q; otherwise, use the &>/dev/null shell redirection.

• Arrays - Use mapfile for output capture: mapfile -t arr < <(CMD).

• Temp Files - Use mktemp + trap.

  local tempfile
  tempfile=$(mktemp) || exit
  trap 'err=$? && rm -f "'"$tempfile"'" || exit $err' EXIT HUP INT QUIT TERM
  

• Temp Dirs

  local tempdir
  tempdir=$(mktemp -d) || exit
  trap 'err=$? && rm -rf "'"$tempdir"'" || exit $err' EXIT HUP INT QUIT TERM
  

Gotchas

• Local - local x=$(...) swallows exit codes. Define local x first, then assign.
• Unbound - With set -u, use ${var:-} to avoid errors on unbound vars.
• Locale - Sorting, character classes ([a-z]), and number formatting depend on locale. Add export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANG=en_US.UTF-8 to the prelude in locale-dependent scripts for predictable behavior.