internationalization

name	internationalization
description	Complete guide to internationalizing a Cumulocity Web SDK application. Covers all approaches to annotating and translating text (gettext, translate pipe, translate directive, TranslateService), extracting strings, creating and updating .po files, overriding existing translations, and adding brand-new languages. Triggers: i18n, internationalization, add language, translate, translation, localization, l10n, new language, po file, gettext, TranslateService, language switcher.
version	1.0.0
category	internationalization
triggers	["i18n","internationalization","add language","translate","translation","localization","l10n","new language","po file","gettext","TranslateService","language switcher","locale"]
tags	["angular","cumulocity","i18n","localization","translation","websdk"]

Cumulocity Internationalization (i18n) Skill

Overview

Cumulocity Web SDK uses the gettext .po file format for translations. There are two distinct problems to solve:

1. Annotating & pushing text through the translation pipeline in source code
2. Providing the translated strings via .po files and wiring them into the app

This skill covers both, plus the complete workflow for adding a brand-new language.

---

Built-in Languages

The @c8y/ngx-components package ships ready-made .po files for these locales:

Code	Language
de	German
en	English
en_US	English (US)
es	Spanish
fr	French
ja_JP	Japanese
ko	Korean
nl	Dutch
pl	Polish
pt_BR	Brazilian Portuguese
zh_CN	Simplified Chinese
zh_TW	Traditional Chinese

To activate any of these, only Steps 5 and 6 of the "Adding a New Language" section below are required — no translation work needed.

---

Step 1 — Annotating Text in Source Code

Four mechanisms are available. They can be combined freely.

gettext(string)

Annotates a static string literal for extraction. Does not translate at runtime — use it to mark strings defined in TypeScript that are translated elsewhere (e.g. via pipe or TranslateService).

import { gettext } from '@c8y/ngx-components';

const label = gettext('Remove Device');

Rules:

• Must be a string literal — not a variable or template literal.
• ✅ gettext('Remove Device')
• ❌ gettext(myVar)
• ❌ gettext(`Remove ${condition ? 'Device' : 'Group'}`)

translate Pipe

Translates the string at runtime inside templates. When applied to a static string literal it also annotates it for extraction — no separate gettext() call needed.

<!-- Simple -->
{{ 'Device' | translate }}

<!-- With interpolated placeholders — use @let to pre-resolve -->
@let removeLabel = 'Remove Device' | translate;
@let cancelLabel = 'Cancel' | translate;
{{ confirmed ? removeLabel : cancelLabel }}

<!-- Or expose gettext on the component class and use it inline -->
{{ (confirmed ? gettext('Remove Device') : gettext('Cancel')) | translate }}

Note: Text extraction from the translate pipe does not work inside complex template expressions. Use @let, gettext(), or define labels in the component class.

translate Directive

Translates the element's text content in place. Also annotates it for extraction.

<span translate>Device</span>

<!-- Interpolated placeholders: add ngNonBindable to prevent Angular from
     processing {{ }} before the translation module can handle them -->
<span translate ngNonBindable>{{ filteredCount }} of {{ total }} items.</span>

TranslateService

Use for imperative translation inside TypeScript. The string must be separately annotated with gettext().

import { TranslateService } from '@ngx-translate/core';
import { gettext } from '@c8y/ngx-components';

@Injectable()
export class MyService {
  constructor(private translate: TranslateService) {}

  getLabel(): string {
    const key = gettext('Remove Device'); // annotate for extraction
    return this.translate.instant(key);   // translate at runtime
  }
}

Adding Translator Context

Append context in backticks inside the string to guide translators (and AI translation tools). Context is stripped at runtime — users never see it.

gettext('Next`page`')
gettext('Set as latest`version`')
gettext('Cover`verb, image fitting option`')

Special context KEEP_ORIGINAL marks a string as intentionally untranslated:

gettext('MyBrand`KEEP_ORIGINAL`')

---

Step 2 — Extracting Strings to locales.pot

Run this command from the project root to extract all annotated strings into ./locales/locales.pot:

ng extract-i18n

The .pot file is the master template used to create or update per-language .po files. Re-run this command every time strings are added or changed.

---

Step 3 — Creating / Updating .po Files

Using Poedit (GUI — recommended for translators)

1. Open Poedit → Translate file → select the .pot file.
2. Choose the target language.
3. Translate each string.
4. Save as ./src/locales/<lang>.po.

Using gettext CLI tools

# Create a new .po from a .pot
msginit --input=./locales/locales.pot --locale=fr --output=./src/locales/fr.po

# Update an existing .po with new/changed strings from .pot
msgmerge --update ./src/locales/fr.po ./locales/locales.pot

Minimum .po file structure

msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: c8yui.core\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"Language: fr\n"

msgid "Remove Device"
msgstr "Supprimer l'appareil"

msgid "{{ filteredCount }} of {{ total }} items."
msgstr "{{ filteredCount }} sur {{ total }} éléments."

The msgid must exactly match the source string (including any backtick context if present).

---

Step 4 — Overriding an Existing Translation

To change a translation that already exists in a built-in language pack (e.g. change German "Geräte" → "Maschinen"):

1. Create ./src/locales/de.po with only the entries you want to override:

msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: c8yui.core\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"Language: de\n"

msgid "Devices"
msgstr "Maschinen"

2. Import it after the built-in pack in ./src/i18n.ts:

import '@c8y/ngx-components/locales/de.po'; // built-in (base)
import './locales/de.po';                    // your overrides (wins)

---

Step 5 — Wiring .po Files into the App (i18n.ts)

Every .po file — built-in or custom — must be imported in ./src/i18n.ts:

// Built-in language packs from the framework
import '@c8y/ngx-components/locales/de.po';
import '@c8y/ngx-components/locales/en.po';
import '@c8y/ngx-components/locales/fr.po';
// … add more as needed

// Custom / override translations
import './locales/fr.po';   // your custom French strings
import './locales/it.po';   // Italian (new language)

Import order matters for overrides: the last import for a given msgid wins.

---

Step 6 — Adding a Completely New Language (Full Workflow)

Use this when the language is not in the built-in list (e.g. Italian, Arabic, Hindi).

6a — Download the framework's master .pot

mkdir -p ./locales
curl -o ./locales/framework.pot https://unpkg.com/@c8y/ngx-components@latest/locales/locales.pot
# For a specific version (>= 1004.0.6):
curl -o ./locales/framework.pot https://unpkg.com/@c8y/ngx-components@1023.0.0/locales/locales.pot

6b — Extract app-specific strings

ng extract-i18n
# Output: ./locales/locales.pot

6c — Merge both .pot files

msgcat -o ./locales/merged.pot ./locales/framework.pot ./locales/locales.pot

6d — Create the .po file for the new language

msginit --input=./locales/merged.pot --locale=it --output=./src/locales/it.po
# Then open in Poedit or a text editor and fill in the msgstr values

6e — Import the .po file in i18n.ts

// src/i18n.ts
import './locales/it.po';

6f — Declare the language in cumulocity.config.ts

Without this step the language will not appear in the language switcher, even if the .po file is imported.

// cumulocity.config.ts
export default {
  runTime: {
    languages: {
      it: {
        name: 'Italian',
        nativeName: 'Italiano'
      }
    }
  }
};

6g — Verify

ng serve -u https://<yourTenant>.cumulocity.com/

Open the app → User menu → Language picker. The new language should be listed. Switch to it and confirm strings render correctly.

---

Date Translation

Using the C8Y pipe (recommended — respects platform date format settings)

{{ myDate | c8yDate }}

Using the Angular pipe (locale-aware)

{{ myDate | date:'fullDate' }}

The Angular date pipe automatically uses the active locale set by the translation module — no extra configuration needed.

---

Dynamic Forms

DynamicFormsModule has i18n built in. Simply annotate the label strings in the schema definition with gettext() and they will be extracted and translated automatically:

import { gettext } from '@c8y/ngx-components';

const schema = {
  properties: {
    name: {
      title: gettext('Device name'),
      type: 'string'
    }
  }
};

---

Common Pitfalls

Pitfall	Fix
Language imported in i18n.ts but not in cumulocity.config.ts languages	Add the language declaration to runTime.languages — both steps are required
gettext() called with a variable or template literal	Must be a static string literal
translate pipe used inside a complex ternary — strings not extracted	Use @let pre-translation or gettext() on the component class
Interpolated {{ }} in translated template consumed by Angular before the translation module	Add ngNonBindable to the element
Override .po imported before the built-in pack	Import overrides after the base pack
msgid in override .po doesn't match exactly	Run ng extract-i18n and look up the exact source string in the generated .pot
Adding a new language for a framework-based app without the merged .pot	Download the framework .pot and merge with msgcat before translating

---

Checklist

• All user-visible strings annotated with gettext(), translate pipe, or translate directive
• ng extract-i18n run and locales.pot is up to date
• .po files created/updated for every target language
• All .po files imported in src/i18n.ts
• Every active language declared in cumulocity.config.ts → runTime.languages
• Override imports ordered after base language pack imports
• Dev server restarted after config changes
• Language switcher tested for each language

---

Reference

Resource	URL
Cumulocity i18n Codex docs	https://cumulocity.com/codex/components/application-and-system/internationalization
Tutorial app translation examples	https://github.com/Cumulocity-IoT/tutorial/tree/main/src/translations
Framework .pot master template	https://unpkg.com/@c8y/ngx-components@latest/locales/locales.pot
Poedit (translation editor)	https://poedit.net
GNU gettext tools	https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/