| name | risk-management |
| description | Proactive risk identification, assessment, and mitigation management for construction projects. Maintain a living risk register, run 5x5 probability-impact assessments, allocate and track contingency drawdown, manage weather and force majeure contingencies, and generate risk reports with heat maps. Integrates with delay-tracker, last-planner, cost-tracking, safety-management, morning-brief, and change-order-tracker. Triggers: "risk", "risk register", "risk matrix", "risk assessment", "contingency", "mitigation", "force majeure", "weather risk", "risk review", "risk report".
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| version | 1.0.0 |
Risk Management Skill
Overview
The risk-management skill provides proactive risk identification and management for construction superintendents and project managers. Most construction management tools track problems after they happen -- this skill identifies risks before they materialize, enabling the project team to avoid, transfer, reduce, or accept risks through deliberate strategy rather than reactive firefighting.
Construction projects are inherently risk-laden: site conditions are uncertain, weather is unpredictable, supply chains are fragile, labor markets fluctuate, and regulatory requirements evolve. A superintendent who manages risk proactively can prevent schedule slippage, cost overruns, safety incidents, and quality failures before they occur.
This skill provides:
- Systematic risk identification using multiple methods (brainstorming, checklists, SWOT, historical review, site walk-through)
- Quantitative risk assessment using a 5x5 Probability x Impact matrix
- Construction-specific risk categories with common triggers and recommended mitigations
- A structured risk register data model for tracking risks from identification through resolution
- Mitigation strategy selection framework (avoid, transfer, reduce, accept)
- Contingency budget allocation and drawdown tracking
- Weather contingency planning with activity-specific thresholds
- Force majeure management with notice and documentation requirements
- Monthly risk review meeting structure with reporting templates
- Integration with other ForemanOS skills for holistic project management
Key Principle: Risk management is not a one-time exercise. The risk register is a living document reviewed monthly (at minimum) and updated whenever project conditions change. Risks are dynamic -- new risks emerge as the project progresses, and existing risks change in probability and impact as work advances.
Risk Identification Methods
Effective risk management begins with thorough identification. No single method captures all risks; use multiple approaches throughout the project lifecycle.
1. Brainstorming (Project Kickoff Risk Workshop)
Conduct a structured brainstorming session at project kickoff with the full project team:
Participants: Project Manager, Superintendent, Project Engineer, Key Subcontractors (structural, MEP, civil), Owner's Representative (if willing)
Format:
- 60-90 minute facilitated session
- Round-robin format: each participant identifies one risk per round
- No filtering during brainstorming -- capture everything
- Categorize risks after brainstorming is complete
- Assign initial probability/impact ratings as a group
- Identify risk owners for each risk
Timing: Within first two weeks of project mobilization; repeat at each major phase transition
Output: Initial risk register populated with 20-50 risks (typical for mid-size commercial project)
2. Checklist-Based Identification (Construction-Specific Risk Checklist)
Walk through a structured checklist organized by risk category. This ensures common construction risks are not overlooked:
Checklist Categories (detailed in Construction-Specific Risk Categories section):
- Site Conditions
- Weather
- Labor
- Supply Chain
- Regulatory/Permitting
- Design Completeness
- Subcontractor Performance
- Financial
- Force Majeure
- Safety
For each category, review the common risk items and assess whether they apply to the current project. Mark each as "applicable" or "not applicable" with justification.
3. SWOT Analysis (Project-Level)
Perform a project-level SWOT analysis to identify risks from a strategic perspective:
- Strengths: What advantages does the project team have? (experienced crew, familiar building type, strong sub relationships)
- Weaknesses: What limitations exist? (first project in this jurisdiction, compressed schedule, tight budget, new building type)
- Opportunities: What external factors could benefit the project? (favorable weather season, strong labor market, owner flexibility)
- Threats: What external factors could harm the project? (supply chain disruptions, regulatory changes, adjacent construction, economic downturn)
Threats and Weaknesses translate directly into risk register entries.
4. Historical Data Review (Similar Project Lessons Learned)
Review lessons learned from similar completed projects:
- What risks materialized on past projects of similar scope, size, and type?
- What risks were underestimated or missed entirely?
- What mitigation strategies worked well and which failed?
- What schedule/cost overruns occurred and what were root causes?
Sources:
- Company lessons-learned database
- Post-project review reports
- Superintendent personal experience log
- Industry publications and case studies for the building type
5. Site Walk-Through Identification
Conduct a deliberate risk-focused site walk-through (distinct from daily quality/safety walks):
Physical Observations:
- Access constraints (narrow roads, limited staging, adjacent occupied buildings)
- Topography and drainage patterns (flooding risk areas)
- Existing utilities (overhead power lines, underground utilities, active services)
- Adjacent structures (settlement risk, party wall conditions, shared access)
- Soil conditions visible at surface (rock outcrops, standing water, fill areas)
- Environmental indicators (wetlands, protected species habitat, contamination signs)
Logistical Observations:
- Material delivery access and staging areas
- Crane placement options and swing radius constraints
- Temporary power/water availability
- Laydown area capacity vs. project needs
- Traffic patterns affecting deliveries and crew access
Risk Assessment Framework
5x5 Probability x Impact Matrix
All risks are assessed using a standardized 5x5 matrix that quantifies both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of impact if the risk materializes.
Probability Scale
| Level | Rating | Description | Probability Range |
|---|
| 1 | Rare | Highly unlikely to occur; no precedent on similar projects | < 5% |
| 2 | Unlikely | Could occur but not expected; has occurred on rare projects | 5% - 20% |
| 3 | Possible | Reasonable chance of occurring; has occurred on some similar projects | 20% - 50% |
| 4 | Likely | More likely than not; common on similar projects or conditions suggest occurrence | 50% - 80% |
| 5 | Almost Certain | Expected to occur; project conditions strongly indicate occurrence | > 80% |
Impact Scale
| Level | Rating | Schedule Impact | Cost Impact | Description |
|---|
| 1 | Negligible | < 1 day | < $5,000 | Minor inconvenience; absorbed within normal operations |
| 2 | Minor | 1 - 5 days | $5,000 - $25,000 | Noticeable but manageable; requires minor schedule adjustment or budget reallocation |
| 3 | Moderate | 5 - 20 days | $25,000 - $100,000 | Significant disruption; requires formal schedule recovery or change order |
| 4 | Major | 20 - 60 days | $100,000 - $500,000 | Severe impact; threatens milestone dates, requires contract extension and major cost recovery |
| 5 | Critical | > 60 days | > $500,000 | Project-threatening; potential for project suspension, litigation, or fundamental scope change |
Risk Score Calculation
Risk Score = Probability x Impact
Risk Priority Categories
| Score Range | Priority | Color | Action Required |
|---|
| 1 - 4 | Low | Green | Monitor; review monthly; no active mitigation required |
| 5 - 9 | Medium | Yellow | Active monitoring; mitigation plan documented; review bi-weekly |
| 10 - 15 | High | Orange | Active mitigation underway; escalate to PM; review weekly |
| 16 - 25 | Critical | Red | Immediate action required; escalate to executive leadership; daily monitoring |
Visual Risk Matrix
I M P A C T
1 2 3 4 5
Negligible Minor Moderate Major Critical
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
Almost | MEDIUM | HIGH | HIGH | CRITICAL | CRITICAL |
Certain | | | | | |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 |
Likely | LOW | MEDIUM | HIGH | CRITICAL | CRITICAL |
| | | | | |
P +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
R 3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 |
O Poss- | LOW | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | HIGH | HIGH |
B ible | | | | | |
A +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
B 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
I Unlikely| LOW | LOW | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | HIGH |
L | | | | | |
I +----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
T 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
Y Rare | LOW | LOW | LOW | LOW | MEDIUM |
| | | | | |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
Assessment Guidelines
When rating probability:
- Consider project-specific conditions, not just general industry statistics
- Account for current project phase (early = more uncertainty = higher probability for unknowns)
- Factor in team experience with this risk type
- Review historical data from similar projects
When rating impact:
- Assess both schedule AND cost impact; use the higher rating
- Consider cascading effects (one delay triggering downstream delays)
- Account for critical path sensitivity (critical path activities have amplified impact)
- Factor in contractual penalties (liquidated damages amplify schedule impact)
- Consider reputational and relationship impact (harder to quantify but real)
Re-assessment frequency:
- Critical risks (16-25): Weekly
- High risks (10-15): Bi-weekly
- Medium risks (5-9): Monthly
- Low risks (1-4): Monthly or at phase transitions
Construction-Specific Risk Categories
Each category below lists common risk items with typical triggers, probability/impact ranges, and recommended mitigations. Use these as a starting checklist during risk identification.
1. Site Conditions
Risks related to physical site conditions that differ from expectations or create construction challenges.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Unforeseen subsurface conditions | Limited geotech borings, complex geology, fill areas | 3 | 4 | Additional borings pre-construction; budget contingency for foundation modifications |
| Environmental contamination | Brownfield sites, former industrial use, underground storage tanks | 2 | 4 | Phase I/II ESA review; contamination contingency; specialized sub on standby |
| Utility conflicts | Incomplete utility locates, abandoned utilities, inaccurate as-builts | 3 | 3 | Potholing/GPR survey before excavation; utility coordination meetings; buffer in excavation schedule |
| Access limitations | Narrow roads, adjacent occupied buildings, shared driveways, seasonal restrictions | 3 | 2 | Delivery scheduling; traffic management plan; alternate access routes; early coordination with neighbors |
| High water table / poor drainage | Coastal sites, low-lying areas, seasonal water table fluctuation | 3 | 3 | Dewatering plan; monitor wells; wet-weather earthwork contingency; adjust foundation schedule to dry season |
| Adjacent structure risk | Shared walls, settlement-sensitive neighbors, historic buildings | 2 | 4 | Pre-construction survey; vibration monitoring; settlement monitoring; protective measures during excavation |
2. Weather
Risks related to weather conditions affecting construction operations.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Extended cold weather | Winter construction, concrete/masonry operations, northern climates | 4 | 3 | Winter protection plan; heated enclosures; schedule weather-sensitive work for favorable season |
| Extreme heat | Summer concrete/asphalt, worker productivity loss, material curing issues | 3 | 2 | Early morning pours; cooling stations; adjusted work hours; ACI 305 hot weather procedures |
| Excessive precipitation | Extended rainy season, tropical storms, monsoon patterns | 3 | 3 | Weather float in schedule; temporary drainage; covered work areas; accelerated dry-in sequence |
| High winds | Elevated work, crane operations, roofing, curtain wall installation | 3 | 2 | Wind monitoring protocol; crane wind limits; schedule wind-sensitive work for calm season |
| Seasonal flooding | Floodplain proximity, poor site drainage, spring thaw | 2 | 4 | Flood contingency plan; temporary berms; schedule earthwork outside flood season; insurance review |
| Extreme weather events | Hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, unprecedented conditions | 1 | 5 | Force majeure provisions; emergency preparedness plan; insurance coverage review; site protection protocol |
3. Labor
Risks related to workforce availability, capability, and productivity.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Skilled labor shortage | Market boom, remote location, specialized trades, competing projects | 3 | 3 | Early sub procurement; labor agreements; travel/per diem packages; phased mobilization |
| Skill/quality gaps | Complex work, new building type, inexperienced crews | 3 | 3 | Pre-qualification requirements; mock-ups; additional QC inspection; mentoring/training |
| Productivity below plan | Weather impact, site congestion, morale issues, learning curve | 3 | 3 | Realistic productivity rates in schedule; weekly production tracking; early intervention protocol |
| Jurisdictional disputes | Multi-trade work areas, union vs. non-union, craft assignment conflicts | 2 | 3 | Pre-job conference with trades; clear scope boundaries in subcontracts; labor counsel on standby |
| Strikes / work stoppages | Contract expiration, labor disputes, sympathy strikes | 1 | 5 | Monitor labor contract expiration dates; strike contingency plan; non-union backup plan |
| Key personnel turnover | Superintendent leaves, critical sub foreman reassigned | 2 | 4 | Knowledge documentation; cross-training; contractual key-person requirements; succession planning |
4. Supply Chain
Risks related to materials, equipment, and procurement.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Extended lead times | Structural steel, switchgear, elevators, custom millwork, specialty equipment | 4 | 4 | Early procurement; lead time tracking; pre-order with deposits; design-assist for long-lead items |
| Sole-source materials | Owner-specified products, proprietary systems, specialty finishes | 3 | 4 | Identify sole-source items early; negotiate supply agreements; identify acceptable alternates; stockpile critical items |
| Price escalation | Commodity volatility (steel, lumber, copper), tariffs, inflation | 3 | 3 | Escalation clauses in contracts; early material purchase; fixed-price POs; budget escalation contingency |
| Shipping/logistics disruption | Port congestion, trucking shortage, international supply chain issues | 2 | 3 | Domestic alternatives; early shipping; warehousing for critical materials; multiple supplier relationships |
| Material quality defects | Off-spec materials, damaged shipments, counterfeit products | 2 | 3 | Incoming inspection protocol; approved supplier list; factory witness testing for critical items; reject/replace procedures |
| Equipment availability | Crane rental market, specialty equipment, seasonal demand | 3 | 3 | Early equipment reservations; backup rental sources; schedule flexibility for equipment-dependent activities |
5. Regulatory
Risks related to permits, inspections, code compliance, and authority-having-jurisdiction (AHJ) decisions.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Permit delays | Plan review backlog, incomplete applications, new jurisdiction | 3 | 3 | Pre-application meetings; complete submittals; expediter services; parallel permit tracks |
| Inspection failures | Non-compliant work, inspector interpretation differences, incomplete systems | 3 | 2 | Pre-inspection self-checks; inspector relationship building; code compliance checklists; punch before inspection |
| Code changes mid-project | New code edition adoption, local amendments, retroactive requirements | 1 | 4 | Monitor code change calendar; grandfather clause documentation; early permit issuance to lock in code edition |
| AHJ interpretation disputes | Ambiguous code language, jurisdictional differences, new inspector | 2 | 3 | Pre-construction code review with AHJ; documented interpretations; code consultant involvement |
| Environmental compliance | Stormwater permits, erosion control, noise ordinances, dust control | 3 | 3 | SWPPP compliance monitoring; erosion control maintenance; noise/dust monitoring; environmental consultant |
| Utility connection delays | Utility company scheduling, infrastructure capacity, connection fees | 3 | 3 | Early utility applications; pre-construction utility meetings; temporary service planning; parallel connection requests |
6. Design Completeness
Risks related to the quality and completeness of construction documents.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Incomplete drawings | Fast-track delivery, phased design, design-build transitions | 4 | 3 | Constructability review; RFI log tracking; design completion schedule; hold points for incomplete areas |
| Specification conflicts | Multiple spec writers, outdated references, copy-paste errors | 3 | 2 | Spec review during estimating; conflict log; early RFI for known conflicts; specification hierarchy clause |
| RFI-heavy design areas | Complex details, unusual conditions, interdisciplinary interfaces | 3 | 3 | Pre-construction RFI submission for known issues; design coordination meetings; BIM clash detection |
| Addenda volume | Active design changes, owner scope evolution, code compliance adjustments | 3 | 3 | Addenda tracking log; pricing impact assessment; schedule impact review for each addendum; change order for scope additions |
| Coordination conflicts (MEP/structural) | 3D coordination gaps, ceiling congestion, riser shaft sizing | 4 | 3 | BIM coordination; pre-rough-in coordination meetings; ceiling mock-ups; prioritized routing rules |
| Missing details at transitions | Building envelope interfaces, waterproofing terminations, expansion joints | 3 | 3 | Transition detail review checklist; mock-up at critical transitions; warranty coordination meetings |
7. Subcontractor Performance
Risks related to subcontractor capability, reliability, and quality.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Financial instability | Low-bid subs, new companies, overextended firms | 2 | 5 | Financial pre-qualification; bonding requirements; progress payment monitoring; early warning indicators |
| Capacity constraints | Sub overcommitted, competing project demands, limited crew size | 3 | 3 | Capacity verification pre-award; contractual staffing requirements; mobilization milestones; backup sub identification |
| Quality deficiencies | Inexperienced crews, poor supervision, rushed work | 3 | 3 | Quality expectations in pre-construction meeting; mock-ups; increased QC inspection; rework provisions in contract |
| Schedule adherence | Optimistic durations, poor planning, crew shuffling between projects | 3 | 3 | Contractual milestone obligations; look-ahead schedule participation; weekly progress meetings; notice-to-perform protocol |
| Scope disputes | Ambiguous subcontract language, scope gaps between trades, change conditions | 3 | 2 | Clear scope of work exhibits; scope boundary meetings; gap analysis during buyout; change order protocol |
| Sub default/abandonment | Bankruptcy, loss of key personnel, dispute escalation | 1 | 5 | Performance bonding; payment bond; replacement sub pre-identification; contract termination provisions |
8. Financial
Risks related to project funding, cash flow, and cost management.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Cash flow gaps | Slow owner payments, front-loaded schedule, retainage accumulation | 3 | 3 | Cash flow projection; early billing; retainage reduction clause; line of credit |
| Owner payment delays | Owner financing issues, disputed pay applications, lender requirements | 2 | 4 | Payment terms in contract; lien rights awareness; prompt payment statutes; suspension-for-nonpayment clause |
| Change order disputes | Scope disagreements, pricing disagreements, authorization delays | 3 | 3 | Change order pricing protocol; pre-approved T&M rates; COR tracking; dispute resolution clause |
| Cost overruns | Estimating errors, scope creep, productivity losses, market escalation | 3 | 4 | Monthly cost-to-complete forecasting; contingency management; value engineering options; early warning reporting |
| Bond capacity limitations | Surety concerns, company financial health, project size relative to bonding | 2 | 4 | Early surety notification; financial reporting; work-in-progress management; project-specific surety review |
| Insurance claim exposure | Incidents, property damage, third-party claims, pollution events | 2 | 4 | Insurance coverage review; claims reporting protocol; loss control program; umbrella coverage adequacy |
9. Force Majeure
Risks related to extraordinary events beyond any party's control.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Natural disasters | Earthquake zones, hurricane regions, flood plains, wildfire areas | 1 | 5 | Geographic risk assessment; emergency response plan; insurance coverage; site protection measures |
| Pandemic/epidemic | Public health emergencies, government shutdowns, workforce quarantine | 1 | 5 | Remote work capability; essential worker documentation; supply chain diversification; force majeure clause review |
| Civil unrest | Social disruption, protests, curfews affecting site access | 1 | 4 | Security plan; site protection; alternative access routes; communication protocol |
| Utility failures | Extended power outage, water main break, gas leak, telecom failure | 2 | 3 | Backup generator; temporary water supply; utility company emergency contacts; redundant communication |
| Government actions | Moratoriums, emergency orders, regulatory shutdowns | 1 | 5 | Monitor regulatory environment; government relations; contract force majeure provisions; insurance review |
| Cyberattack | Ransomware, data breach, system failure affecting project management | 2 | 3 | Backup systems; cybersecurity protocols; offline documentation capability; incident response plan |
10. Safety
Risks related to worker safety, health, and regulatory compliance.
Common Risk Items:
| Risk | Common Triggers | Typical P | Typical I | Recommended Mitigation |
|---|
| Fall hazards | Multi-story work, roof work, scaffold operations, steel erection | 3 | 4 | 100% fall protection policy; leading edge plan; scaffold inspection program; safety nets |
| Struck-by hazards | Crane operations, overhead work, material handling, excavation adjacent to traffic | 3 | 4 | Exclusion zones; barricades; flagging operations; load path planning; hard hat compliance |
| Excavation/trench collapse | Deep excavation, unstable soils, adjacent structures, utility crossings | 2 | 5 | Competent person designation; trench shoring/sloping; daily inspection; soil classification; OSHA compliance |
| Confined space incidents | Manholes, tanks, crawl spaces, mechanical rooms during testing | 2 | 5 | Confined space program; atmospheric monitoring; rescue plan; trained entrants/attendants |
| Electrical hazards | Temporary power, live utilities, energized systems during commissioning | 2 | 5 | LOTO procedures; GFCI protection; arc flash analysis; qualified electrical workers only |
| Heat/cold stress | Extreme temperatures, physically demanding work, inadequate hydration | 3 | 3 | Heat illness prevention program; cold stress protocol; hydration stations; work/rest cycles; acclimatization |
| New trade mobilization | Unfamiliar crews, different safety cultures, language barriers | 3 | 3 | Site-specific safety orientation; toolbox talk on day 1; dedicated safety watch first week; bilingual safety materials |
Project Intelligence Integration
When project intelligence is loaded, auto-populate risk register entries with data-driven evidence from project files instead of relying solely on manual assessment.
Schedule Risk Identification
Auto-flag schedule-driven risks from critical path analysis:
- Read
schedule.json → critical_path[] → identify activities with zero or low float as schedule risk items
- Flag activities where float < 5 days as "near-critical" schedule risks
- Auto-populate risk register entries with activity name, planned dates, and float available
- Example: "MEP Rough-In" has 3 days float → auto-create risk item: "MEP rough-in schedule risk — 3 days float, any delay extends critical path"
Weather Risk Thresholds
Pre-populate weather-sensitive activity risks with contractual limits:
- Read
specs-quality.json → weather_thresholds[] → for each threshold (concrete min temp, roofing wind limit, etc.), create risk register entries with specific trigger conditions
- Cross-reference
schedule.json → identify when weather-sensitive activities are scheduled → assess seasonal risk
- Example: Concrete pours scheduled March → weather_thresholds show min 40F → auto-create risk: "Cold weather concrete risk, P=4, I=3, Score=12"
Subcontractor Performance Risk
Assess sub-specific risks from directory and performance data:
- Read
directory.json → subcontractors[] → pull EMR (Experience Modification Rate) and safety record for risk assessment
- Read
quality-data.json → FPIR per trade → flag subs with quality performance below 85% as quality risk items
- Read
labor-tracking.json → productivity_ratios[] → flag subs with productivity below benchmark as schedule risk
- Example: Sub with EMR 1.3 and FPIR 78% → auto-create risk: "Sub quality/safety performance risk, P=4, I=3, Score=12"
Cost/Contingency Context
Show risk exposure relative to available contingency:
- Read
cost-data.json → contingency.available_contingency → calculate total risk exposure as percentage of remaining contingency
- Auto-populate risk report summary with contingency drawdown projections
- Flag when cumulative high/critical risk cost exposure exceeds 75% of available contingency
- Example: 5 active high risks with combined exposure $180,000, contingency remaining $200,000 → flag: "90% contingency at risk"
Historical Delay Patterns
Seed risk register with evidence-based risks from delay history:
- Read
delay-log.json → delay_events[] → identify recurring delay types (weather, sub performance, material) and their frequency
- Auto-create risk register entries for delay categories that have occurred 2+ times
- Include historical average duration and cost impact in the risk description
- Example: 3 weather delays averaging 4 days each → auto-create risk: "Recurring weather delay pattern, avg 4 days, P=4 based on history"
Procurement Risk
Flag supply chain risks from procurement status:
- Read
procurement-log.json → filter items with category = "long_lead" or delivery_status = "delayed" → auto-create procurement risk entries
- Read
submittal-log.json → filter items with status = "revise_and_resubmit" or overdue → flag as procurement delay risks
- Example: PEMB steel delivery delayed 2 weeks → auto-create risk: "PEMB delivery delay risk, critical path impact, P=5, I=4, Score=20"
Extended reference: Detailed examples, templates, scoring rubrics, and best practices are in references/skill-detail.md.
