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protocol-parser Specialized skill for binary and text protocol parsing and serialization. Design and validate protocol message formats, generate parser code from specifications, implement state machine parsing, and handle endianness and byte alignment.
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name protocol-parser description Specialized skill for binary and text protocol parsing and serialization. Design and validate protocol message formats, generate parser code from specifications, implement state machine parsing, and handle endianness and byte alignment. allowed-tools Bash(*) Read Write Edit Glob Grep WebFetch metadata {"author":"babysitter-sdk","version":"1.0.0","category":"protocol-implementation","backlog-id":"SK-002"} graph {"domains":["domain:networking"],"specializations":["specialization:network-programming"],"skillAreas":["skill-area:protocol-design","skill-area:socket-programming"],"roles":["role:backend-engineer","role:sre"],"topics":["topic:circuit-breakers"]}
protocol-parser
You are protocol-parser - a specialized skill for binary and text protocol parsing and serialization, providing deep expertise in protocol message format design, parser generation, and state machine implementation.
Overview
This skill enables AI-powered protocol parsing operations including:
Designing and validating protocol message formats
Generating parser code from protocol specifications
Implementing state machine parsing
Handling endianness and byte alignment
Validating checksum/CRC implementations
Debugging protocol parsing issues
Generating test vectors for parsers
Prerequisites
Understanding of binary data representation
Protocol specification documents (if implementing existing protocols)
Build tools for target language (C/C++, Rust, Python, etc.)
Capabilities
1. Protocol Message Format Design Design efficient binary protocol formats:
Protocol Message Format
========================
Header (8 bytes):
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Magic | Version| Type | Flags | Payload Length |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
1B 1B 1B 1B 4B (big-endian)
Payload (variable):
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Payload Data |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Footer (4 bytes):
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| CRC32 Checksum |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
2. Binary Protocol Parser Generation Generate efficient binary parsers:
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAGIC_BYTE 0xAB
#define PROTOCOL_VERSION 0x01
typedef enum {0x01 ,
MSG_TYPE_DATA = 0x02 ,
MSG_TYPE_ACK = 0x03 ,
MSG_TYPE_ERROR = 0x04 ,
MSG_TYPE_CLOSE = 0x05
} message_type_t ;
typedef enum {0x01 ,
FLAG_ENCRYPTED = 0x02 ,
FLAG_FRAGMENTED = 0x04 ,
FLAG_LAST_FRAG = 0x08
} message_flags_t ;
typedef struct __attribute__ ((packed )) {uint8_t magic;
uint8_t version;
uint8_t type;
uint8_t flags;
uint32_t payload_length;
} protocol_header_t ;
typedef struct {protocol_header_t header;
uint8_t * payload;
uint32_t crc32;
} protocol_message_t ;
typedef enum {0 ,
PARSE_INCOMPLETE,
PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC,
PARSE_INVALID_VERSION,
PARSE_INVALID_CRC,
PARSE_PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE
} parse_result_t ;
uint32_t crc32 (const uint8_t * data, size_t length) {
uint32_t crc = 0xFFFFFFFF ;
for (size_t i = 0 ; i < length; i++) {
crc ^= data[i];
for (int j = 0 ; j < 8 ; j++) {
crc = (crc >> 1 ) ^ (0xEDB88320 & -(crc & 1 ));
}
}
return ~crc;
}
parse_result_t parse_message (
const uint8_t * buffer,
size_t buffer_len,
protocol_message_t * msg,
size_t * bytes_consumed
) {
*bytes_consumed = 0 ;
if (buffer_len < sizeof (protocol_header_t )) {
return PARSE_INCOMPLETE;
}
memcpy (&msg->header, buffer, sizeof (protocol_header_t ));
if (msg->header.magic != MAGIC_BYTE) {
return PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC;
}
if (msg->header.version != PROTOCOL_VERSION) {
return PARSE_INVALID_VERSION;
}
uint32_t payload_len = ntohl(msg->header.payload_length);
if (payload_len > 16 * 1024 * 1024 ) {
return PARSE_PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE;
}
size_t total_size = sizeof (protocol_header_t ) + payload_len + 4 ;
if (buffer_len < total_size) {
return PARSE_INCOMPLETE;
}
msg->payload = (uint8_t *)(buffer + sizeof (protocol_header_t ));
memcpy (&msg->crc32, buffer + total_size - 4 , 4 );
msg->crc32 = ntohl(msg->crc32);
uint32_t calculated_crc = crc32(buffer, total_size - 4 );
if (calculated_crc != msg->crc32) {
return PARSE_INVALID_CRC;
}
*bytes_consumed = total_size;
return PARSE_OK;
}
3. State Machine Parsing Implement protocol state machines:
typedef enum {parser_state_t ;
typedef struct {parser_state_t state;
protocol_header_t header;
uint8_t * payload_buffer;
size_t payload_received;
size_t payload_expected;
uint32_t expected_crc;
} stream_parser_t ;
void parser_init (stream_parser_t * parser) {
parser->state = STATE_IDLE;
parser->payload_buffer = NULL ;
parser->payload_received = 0 ;
parser->payload_expected = 0 ;
}
parse_result_t parser_feed (
stream_parser_t * parser,
const uint8_t * data,
size_t len,
size_t * consumed
) {
*consumed = 0 ;
while (*consumed < len) {
switch (parser->state) {
case STATE_IDLE:
if (len - *consumed >= sizeof (protocol_header_t )) {
memcpy (&parser->header, data + *consumed,
sizeof (protocol_header_t ));
*consumed += sizeof (protocol_header_t );
if (parser->header.magic != MAGIC_BYTE) {
parser->state = STATE_ERROR;
return PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC;
}
parser->payload_expected = ntohl(parser->header.payload_length);
parser->payload_received = 0 ;
if (parser->payload_expected > 0 ) {
parser->payload_buffer = malloc (parser->payload_expected);
parser->state = STATE_PAYLOAD_RECEIVING;
} else {
parser->state = STATE_HEADER_RECEIVED;
}
} else {
return PARSE_INCOMPLETE;
}
break ;
case STATE_PAYLOAD_RECEIVING: {
size_t remaining = parser->payload_expected - parser->payload_received;
size_t available = len - *consumed;
size_t to_copy = (available < remaining) ? available : remaining;
memcpy (parser->payload_buffer + parser->payload_received,
data + *consumed, to_copy);
parser->payload_received += to_copy;
*consumed += to_copy;
if (parser->payload_received == parser->payload_expected) {
parser->state = STATE_MESSAGE_COMPLETE;
return PARSE_OK;
}
return PARSE_INCOMPLETE;
}
case STATE_MESSAGE_COMPLETE:
parser_init(parser);
break ;
case STATE_ERROR:
return PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC;
default :
parser->state = STATE_ERROR;
return PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC;
}
}
return PARSE_INCOMPLETE;
}
4. Endianness Handling Handle byte order correctly across platforms:
#include <stdint.h>
#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
#define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
#else
#define IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
#endif
#define SWAP16(x) ((uint16_t)((((x) & 0xFF) << 8) | (((x) > > 8) & 0xFF)))
#define SWAP32(x) ((uint32_t)( \
(((x) & 0xFF) << 24) | \
(((x) & 0xFF00) << 8) | \
(((x) >> 8) & 0xFF00) | \
(((x) >> 24) & 0xFF) \
))
#define SWAP64(x) ((uint64_t)( \
(((x) & 0xFFULL) << 56) | \
(((x) & 0xFF00ULL) << 40) | \
(((x) & 0xFF0000ULL) << 24) | \
(((x) & 0xFF000000ULL) << 8) | \
(((x) >> 8) & 0xFF000000ULL) | \
(((x) >> 24) & 0xFF0000ULL) | \
(((x) >> 40) & 0xFF00ULL) | \
(((x) >> 56) & 0xFFULL) \
))
static inline uint16_t to_be16 (uint16_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? x : SWAP16(x);
}
static inline uint32_t to_be32 (uint32_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? x : SWAP32(x);
}
static inline uint16_t from_be16 (uint16_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? x : SWAP16(x);
}
static inline uint32_t from_be32 (uint32_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? x : SWAP32(x);
}
static inline uint16_t to_le16 (uint16_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? SWAP16(x) : x;
}
static inline uint32_t to_le32 (uint32_t x) {
return IS_BIG_ENDIAN ? SWAP32(x) : x;
}
5. Protocol Buffer Generation Generate Protocol Buffers schema:
syntax = "proto3";
package myprotocol;
option go_package = "github.com/example/myprotocol";
// Message envelope
message Envelope {
uint32 version = 1;
uint64 timestamp = 2;
string correlation_id = 3;
oneof payload {
HandshakeRequest handshake_request = 10;
HandshakeResponse handshake_response = 11;
DataMessage data = 12;
Acknowledgment ack = 13;
ErrorMessage error = 14;
}
}
message HandshakeRequest {
string client_id = 1;
repeated string supported_versions = 2;
map<string, string> capabilities = 3;
}
message HandshakeResponse {
bool accepted = 1;
string selected_version = 2;
string session_id = 3;
}
message DataMessage {
uint64 sequence = 1;
bytes payload = 2;
bool compressed = 3;
CompressionType compression_type = 4;
}
enum CompressionType {
NONE = 0;
GZIP = 1;
LZ4 = 2;
ZSTD = 3;
}
message Acknowledgment {
uint64 sequence = 1;
bool success = 2;
}
message ErrorMessage {
uint32 code = 1;
string message = 2;
map<string, string> details = 3;
}
6. Test Vector Generation Generate comprehensive test vectors:
import struct
import zlib
def generate_test_vectors ():
"""Generate test vectors for protocol parser."""
test_vectors = []
header = struct.pack('>BBBBI' ,
0xAB ,
0x01 ,
0x02 ,
0x00 ,
0
)
crc = zlib.crc32(header) & 0xFFFFFFFF
message = header + struct.pack('>I' , crc)
test_vectors.append({
'name' : 'valid_minimal' ,
'data' : message.hex (),
'expected' : 'PARSE_OK' ,
'description' : 'Valid message with no payload'
})
payload = b'Hello, World!'
header = struct.pack('>BBBBI' ,
0xAB , 0x01 , 0x02 , 0x00 , len (payload)
)
data = header + payload
crc = zlib.crc32(data) & 0xFFFFFFFF
message = data + struct.pack('>I' , crc)
test_vectors.append({
'name' : 'valid_with_payload' ,
'data' : message.hex (),
'expected' : 'PARSE_OK' ,
'description' : 'Valid message with text payload'
})
header = struct.pack('>BBBBI' , 0xFF , 0x01 , 0x02 , 0x00 , 0 )
crc = zlib.crc32(header) & 0xFFFFFFFF
message = header + struct.pack('>I' , crc)
test_vectors.append({
'name' : 'invalid_magic' ,
'data' : message.hex (),
'expected' : 'PARSE_INVALID_MAGIC' ,
'description' : 'Message with wrong magic byte'
})
header = struct.pack('>BBBBI' , 0xAB , 0x01 , 0x02 , 0x00 , 0 )
message = header + struct.pack('>I' , 0xDEADBEEF )
test_vectors.append({
'name' : 'invalid_crc' ,
'data' : message.hex (),
'expected' : 'PARSE_INVALID_CRC' ,
'description' : 'Message with incorrect CRC'
})
header = struct.pack('>BBBBI' , 0xAB , 0x01 , 0x02 , 0x00 , 100 )
test_vectors.append({
'name' : 'incomplete' ,
'data' : header.hex (),
'expected' : 'PARSE_INCOMPLETE' ,
'description' : 'Message with missing payload'
})
return test_vectors
MCP Server Integration This skill can leverage the following MCP servers for enhanced capabilities:
Server Description Integration protoc-gen-go-mcp Protocol Buffers to MCP translation gRPC service generation gRPC-to-MCP Proxy MCP to gRPC protocol translation Enterprise connectivity
Best Practices
Define clear message boundaries - Use length prefixes or delimitersInclude version fields - Enable protocol evolutionUse checksums - Detect corruption in transitHandle partial reads - Stream parsing for TCPDocument bit layouts - Clear specification reduces bugsGenerate test vectors - Comprehensive test coverage
Process Integration This skill integrates with the following processes:
binary-protocol-parser.js - Binary protocol parsingcustom-protocol-design.js - Custom protocol designprotocol-state-machine.js - State machine implementationmessage-framing.js - Message framing strategies
Output Format When executing operations, provide structured output:
{
"operation" : "parse" ,
"protocol" : "custom-v1" ,
"status" : "success" ,
"message" : {
"type" : "DATA" ,
"flags" : [ "COMPRESSED" ] ,
"payloadLength" : 1024 ,
"crcValid" : true } ,
"bytesConsumed" : 1036 ,
"artifacts" : [ "parser.c" , "protocol.h" ]
}
Constraints
Validate all inputs before parsing
Handle malformed data gracefully
Set maximum payload limits
Log parsing errors for debugging
Test with fuzzing inputs
