performing-active-directory-penetration-test

name	performing-active-directory-penetration-test
description	Conduct a focused Active Directory penetration test to enumerate domain objects, discover attack paths with BloodHound, exploit Kerberos weaknesses, escalate privileges via ADCS/DCSync, and demonstrate domain compromise.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	penetration-testing
tags	["active-directory","BloodHound","Kerberoasting","Impacket","DCSync","ADCS","domain-compromise","privilege-escalation"]
version	1.0
author	mahipal
license	Apache-2.0
nist_csf	["ID.RA-01","ID.RA-06","GV.OV-02","DE.AE-07"]

Performing Active Directory Penetration Test

Overview

Active Directory (AD) penetration testing targets the central identity and access management system used by over 95% of Fortune 500 companies. The test identifies misconfigurations, weak credentials, dangerous delegation settings, vulnerable certificate templates, and attack paths that enable an attacker to escalate from a standard domain user to Domain Admin or Enterprise Admin.

When to Use

• When conducting security assessments that involve performing active directory penetration test
• When following incident response procedures for related security events
• When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities
• When validating security controls through hands-on testing

Prerequisites

• Standard domain user credentials (minimum starting point)
• Network access to domain controllers (LDAP/389, Kerberos/88, SMB/445, DNS/53)
• Tools: BloodHound, Impacket, Certipy, Rubeus, NetExec, Mimikatz
• Kali Linux or Windows attack machine with domain access

Phase 1 — AD Enumeration

Domain Information Gathering

# Basic domain enumeration
netexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local --groups
netexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' -d corp.local --users

# LDAP enumeration — domain controllers
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.0.0.5 -D "[e-mail]" -w "Password123" \
  -b "OU=Domain Controllers,DC=corp,DC=local" "(objectClass=computer)" dNSHostName

# Enumerate trust relationships
netexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --trusts

# Enumerate domain password policy
netexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --pass-pol

# Enumerate Group Policy Objects
netexec smb 10.0.0.5 -u 'testuser' -p 'Password123' --gpp-passwords

# Find computers with unconstrained delegation
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.0.0.5 -D  -w  \
  -b   \
  dNSHostName


ldapsearch -x -H ldap://10.0.0.5 -D  -w  \
  -b   \
  sAMAccountName msds-allowedtodelegateto


netexec ldap 10.0.0.5 -u  -p  -d corp.local -M laps