altinity-expert-clickhouse-grants

name	altinity-expert-clickhouse-grants
description	Diagnose and resolve ClickHouse grant and authentication errors, especially after upgrades. Use when queries fail with ACCESS_DENIED/NOT_ENOUGH_PRIVILEGES, AUTHENTICATION_FAILED/WRONG_PASSWORD/REQUIRED_PASSWORD, or ON CLUSTER privilege errors; when system.* or INFORMATION_SCHEMA access is denied; or when grant behavior changes after version upgrades.
license	Apache-2.0

Diagnostics

Run all queries from checks.sql in this skill's directory and analyze the results.

Propose Minimal Grants

Provide the smallest set of GRANT statements that match observed needed_grant values. Prefer role-based grants when the user already uses roles.

Example pattern:

-- Direct grants
GRANT SELECT ON system.processes TO user_x;
GRANT SELECT ON INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS TO svc_y;
GRANT CLUSTER ON *.* TO svc_z;

-- Role-based grants (preferred)
GRANT SELECT ON system.processes TO role_analytics;
GRANT role_analytics TO user_x;

Scope to the narrowest object that resolves the error: db.table (or a column list) over db.*, and db.* over *.*.

Security-sensitive grants — scope tightly

Some privileges are exfiltration / SSRF / privilege-escalation surfaces. If the failing query needs one, grant the narrowest form and to a role, never broadly on *.*:

• SOURCES / S3 / URL / FILE / REMOTE (and READ/WRITE on 25.7+) — external read/write; broad grants enable data exfiltration and SSRF. Grant the specific source needed, not the SOURCES umbrella.
• SYSTEM, INTROSPECTION — operational/internal exposure; scope to the specific subcommand.
• ACCESS MANAGEMENT, WITH GRANT OPTION, displaySecretsInShowAndSelect, NAMED COLLECTION ADMIN, ALLOW SQL SECURITY NONE, IMPERSONATE — privilege-escalation/secret-exposure; do not grant these to fix a routine ACCESS_DENIED without explicit justification.

A grant that resolves an error but is broader than needed becomes a future audit finding — see the altinity-expert-clickhouse-security skill.

Post-Upgrade Compatibility Checks

Verify access_control_improvements settings, which can change privilege requirements:

• select_from_system_db_requires_grant
• select_from_information_schema_requires_grant
• on_cluster_queries_require_cluster_grant

If these are enabled post-upgrade, users may require new explicit grants for system.*, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.*, or CLUSTER. The same access_control_improvements flags (plus the version-gated source/engine/definer changes) are covered from the audit side in altinity-expert-clickhouse-security → references/14-version-specific-security-checks.md; keep the two in sync.

Related skills

This is the reactive remediation skill — it makes a legitimately-blocked operation work with the minimal grant. Its counterpart is altinity-expert-clickhouse-security, the proactive read-only audit skill: use that to review who has too much access, find exfiltration paths, weak auth, and exposure. Fixing an error here → grant minimally; reviewing posture → use security.