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SQLAlchemy 2.0 async ORM patterns. Use when defining models, relationships, queries, or migrations with SQLAlchemy in Python.
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| name | sqlalchemy-orm |
| description | SQLAlchemy 2.0 async ORM patterns. Use when defining models, relationships, queries, or migrations with SQLAlchemy in Python. |
# database.py
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker, AsyncSession
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
engine = create_async_engine(
settings.DATABASE_URL, # postgresql+asyncpg://user:pass@host/db
pool_size=10,
max_overflow=20,
pool_pre_ping=True, # Verify connection before use
echo=settings.DEBUG,
)
AsyncSessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
pass
from sqlalchemy import String, ForeignKey, func, text
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
class TimestampMixin:
created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
server_default=func.now(), nullable=False
)
updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False
)
class User(Base, TimestampMixin):
__tablename__ = "users"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)
name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100), nullable=False)
hashed_password: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(nullable=False)
is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=True, server_default=text("true"))
# Relationship
posts: Mapped[list["Post"]] = relationship("Post", back_populates="author", lazy="select")
class Post(Base, TimestampMixin):
__tablename__ = "posts"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"), nullable=False, index=True)
title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
body: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(nullable=False)
author: Mapped["User"] = relationship("User", back_populates="posts")
# SELECT with filter
async def get_user(db: AsyncSession, user_id: int) -> User | None:
return await db.get(User, user_id)
async def get_user_by_email(db: AsyncSession, email: str) -> User | None:
result = await db.execute(select(User).where(User.email == email))
return result.scalar_one_or_none()
# SELECT with join (avoid N+1)
async def get_posts_with_authors(db: AsyncSession) -> list[Post]:
result = await db.execute(
select(Post).options(selectinload(Post.author)).order_by(Post.created_at.desc())
)
return list(result.scalars())
# INSERT
async def create_user(db: AsyncSession, data: UserCreate) -> User:
user = User(**data.model_dump())
db.add(user)
await db.flush() # Get ID without committing
await db.refresh(user)
return user
# UPDATE
async def update_user(db: AsyncSession, user_id: int, data: dict) -> User:
await db.execute(update(User).where(User.id == user_id).values(**data))
return await get_user(db, user_id)
# Bulk insert
async def bulk_create_posts(db: AsyncSession, posts: list[dict]):
await db.execute(insert(Post), posts)
selectinload() or joinedload() for relationships — never lazy load in asyncexpire_on_commit=False in async sessionsflush() to get IDs mid-transaction, commit() only at end of requestmapped_column() not Column() (SQLAlchemy 2.0 style)index=True on all ForeignKeys and frequently filtered columnspool_pre_ping=True to handle connection drops