Chronicle of every major Freeshard incident, dead-end branch, rejected fix, and revert — so you never re-fight a settled battle. TRIGGER when starting work that touches backup/rclone, TinyDB/Postgres/storage, Docker lifecycle (stale containers/networks, python-on-whales), Traefik/proxy/call_backend, splash screens, releases/CI, or when you wonder "has this been tried before?", "why is this code weird?", "why is this PR/branch abandoned?". Also TRIGGER before resurrecting any unmerged branch or closed PR. SKIP when you need live-symptom triage steps (use freeshard-debugging-playbook), design rationale for current architecture (use freeshard-architecture-contract), or release/merge procedure (use freeshard-change-control).
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Chronicle of every major Freeshard incident, dead-end branch, rejected fix, and revert — so you never re-fight a settled battle. TRIGGER when starting work that touches backup/rclone, TinyDB/Postgres/storage, Docker lifecycle (stale containers/networks, python-on-whales), Traefik/proxy/call_backend, splash screens, releases/CI, or when you wonder "has this been tried before?", "why is this code weird?", "why is this PR/branch abandoned?". Also TRIGGER before resurrecting any unmerged branch or closed PR. SKIP when you need live-symptom triage steps (use freeshard-debugging-playbook), design rationale for current architecture (use freeshard-architecture-contract), or release/merge procedure (use freeshard-change-control).
Freeshard Failure Archaeology
This is the incident chronicle for shard_core (this repo, shard_core/ — the per-VM FastAPI service that manages Docker apps behind Traefik on a "shard", a customer's personal cloud VM). It records what broke, why, and what was decided, so a fresh session does not re-attempt a dead end or undo a settled decision.
Terms used throughout:
controller = FreeshardBase/freeshard-controller, the central service that provisions shard VMs and delivers core versions (v1…v18: per-shard bundles of docker-compose.yml + host migration scripts). Production shards run what the core version pins, NOT what this repo's docker-compose.yml says.
call_backend / call_peer = shard_core's sign-and-forward HTTP proxies (shard_core/web/protected/, shard_core/web/internal/call_peer.py) that relay requests to the controller / other shards with HTTP-signature auth.
grind = the overnight agent loop: one headless AI session per GitHub issue, own worktree, branch from main, PR for human review. Nothing auto-merges.
Entry format: SYMPTOM → ROOT CAUSE → EVIDENCE → STATUS. All issue/PR numbers without a repo prefix are in FreeshardBase/freeshard. Dates of volatile facts are as of 2026-07-03.
1. Backup / rclone pipeline
The single most incident-dense subsystem. Read this whole section before touching shard_core/service/backup.py.
1.1 rclone rollout incident chain, 0.28.0–0.28.6 (seven releases in three days, 2024-04-20..22)
SYMPTOM: auto-backup feature shipped in 0.28.0; production backups failed repeatedly, each fix revealing the next failure.
ROOT CAUSE (serial): Docker image shipped without the rclone binary; then rclone's multi-line output broke parsing; then strict Pydantic validation of rclone's log JSON broke on missing fields; then a wrong SAS-token path.
EVIDENCE: commits cba5806 "install rclone to docker image", 2d2ec22 "use last line of rclone output", 9666db5 "make all rclone log fields optional", b4c5eda "Use new backup sas token path"; tags 0.28.0 (2024-04-20) through 0.28.6 (2024-04-22).
STATUS: fixed by 0.28.6, but the parsing class of bug recurred — see 1.2.
1.2 rclone-output validation recurrence (2026) — the opaque-dict rule
SYMPTOM: backups failed validation again two years later, right after the Postgres release.
ROOT CAUSE: same class as 9666db5 (2024): Pydantic-validating rclone's stats JSON, whose shape is not a stable contract.
EVIDENCE: commit b9dfcfd "treat rclone stats as opaque dict to prevent backup validation failures" (released 0.38.3, 2026-04-18).
STATUS: fixed. Standing rule: never Pydantic-validate rclone stats/log output — treat it as an opaque dict. It changed shape twice; assume it will again.
1.3 The 0.37.5 backport anomaly — tag order ≠ commit topology
SYMPTOM (for archaeologists): tag 0.37.5 (2026-04-18) is newer in time than 0.38.0 (2026-04-17).
ROOT CAUSE: the freshly released 0.38 Postgres line was evidently not trusted for immediate fleet rollout, so the rclone-stats fix was cherry-picked (0a5f249) onto branch origin/release/0.37.5 (3392ff3) and shipped on the old TinyDB line too.
STATUS: historical fact. Never assume tag order equals commit topology in this repo. Resolve with git branch -a --contains <tag>.
1.4 CronTask silent death kills backups permanently
SYMPTOM: scheduled backups stopped forever with no error surfaced; only a restart revived them.
ROOT CAUSE: CronTask background scheduler died on the first uncaught exception and never rescheduled.
EVIDENCE: issue #58, fixed in PR #61 (merged 2026-04-14).
STATUS: fixed. Rule: any background/periodic task must catch and log exceptions, or it dies silently and permanently.
1.5 No external backup-recency signal → marker blob
SYMPTOM: the controller could not tell whether a shard's backups were actually running (see 1.4 for why that mattered).
FIX: write a marker blob after each successful backup; the controller polls it.
SYMPTOM: four patch releases within six days of the biggest storage change in project history.
FIX SEQUENCE: 0.38.1 c824636 (CI app-install timeout flakiness), 0.38.2 dc45ced (LifespanManager shutdown_timeout teardown flakiness), 0.38.3 b9dfcfd (rclone opaque dict, see 1.2), 0.38.4 935250b (datetime JSONB, see 1.6). Plus 358a908 "Fix CI test hang: commit migration SQL and guard pool cleanup" inside the migration branch itself.
STATUS: all fixed. Pattern to expect: any infra-level minor release is followed by a burst of 2–4 patch releases within days. Plan review and rollout capacity accordingly.
2.3 DB pool exhaustion under forwardAuth bursts
SYMPTOM: batches of 500s on private apps; SPA page loads (~30 parallel requests, e.g. Actual Budget) exhausted the small connection pool via Traefik forwardAuth calls to /internal/auth, requests waited ~30 s then failed.
ROOT CAUSE: /internal/auth runs on EVERY private-app request and did 2–3 DB queries per call against a 4-connection pool.
FIX: pool bump (max_size=20) + in-process auth-path caches; then a follow-up commit on the same PR fixing cache invalidation correctness (signal-driven, no TTLs).
STATUS: fixed. If you touch identity or app state, check whether the auth caches need an invalidation signal — the first cut of the cache shipped without one and had to be patched.
3. Docker lifecycle: stale state fixed three times
Docker objects (containers, networks) survive shard_core updates and go stale. This bit three separate times before the lesson stuck:
#
Fix
Commit / PR
Date
1
Recover from stale Docker network references on app start
STATUS: fixed, but structural. Rule: any new docker-start code path must recover from name conflicts and dangling network references — do not assume clean Docker state after a core update.
Related settled work: zombie healthcheck curl processes fixed by tini as PID 1 (PR #55, commit 57ac53d); standalone docker-compose v1 → docker compose v2 plugin (issue #35, PR #87); app compose templates re-rendered on startup (PR #49).
3.1 python-on-whales migration — stalled, not dead, not approved
Oldest open issue: #24 "Integrate Python on Whales or some other docker python lib" (2025-12-19). PR #88 has been open with zero reviews since 2026-05-18.
STATUS: open/stalled. Do not start a competing docker-lib migration, and do not treat PR #88 as accepted direction — it has never been reviewed.
SYMPTOM: shards "up but not serving" — containers healthy, nothing reachable. Traefik logged accept4: too many open files (EMFILE) in a hot loop; the error spam itself filled the root disk (controller issue #306: unbounded container logs bricked shard upgrades).
ROOT CAUSE — two factors, both required:
Production Traefik was pinned v2.6, built with a pre-1.19 Go (measured go1.17.10; the "Go 1.16" figure in controller PR #322's prose is imprecise — see freeshard-proof-and-analysis-toolkit Recipe 1). Go only self-raises RLIMIT_NOFILE from 1.19 on, so Traefik ran with the soft limit.
Newly provisioned shards moved to an Ubuntu 26.04 base image (controller PR #299, forced by OVH image rotation — see 6.3) where the effective per-container nofile soft limit was 1024. Older shards had the identical socket leak (readTimeout=0 on an internet-scanned IP) but survived only because their fd ceiling was higher — "old shards are fine, must be luck" was investigated and disproven; it was ceiling height, not luck.
FIXES (multi-repo):
shard_core: finite readTimeout on Traefik entrypoints stops the leak — commit fd1d05b, PR #108 (merged 2026-06-21, released 0.39.4 on 2026-06-24).
controller: core v16 log rotation (#309) — which silently did nothing at first, see 6.1; core v17 nofile ulimit (#311) and daemon restart so config actually applies (#312).
DECISION — stay on Traefik v2: bump to v2.11 (built with Go 1.25, self-raises nofile ≈1024→64000) instead of the "obvious" risky v3 migration. Canonical statement is the closing comment on PR #112 (closed unmerged 2026-06-24): v3 migration folded into a needs-Intent P3 backlog ticket. Confirmed in production: core v18 compose pins traefik:v2.11.
Do not resurrect v3-prep changes (HostRegexp→Host() style); local branch fix/traefik-dashboard-host-rule (2026-06-23) is that dropped work.
TRAP: this repo's own docker-compose.yml says image: traefik:v3.6 (bumped e78862d, 2025-12-16) — that is the dev/self-hosted compose only. Production shards run the controller core-version pin (v2.11 as of core v18, 2026-07-03). Do not "fix" either to match the other without reading PR #112 first.
PROCESS FALLOUT: the readTimeout fix was merged but sat in no released tag while shards kept failing — issue #111. Merged-is-not-shipped; see freeshard-change-control. A redundant version-bump PR #113 was closed unmerged because main had already been bumped directly — always git fetch and check origin/main + published releases before opening a release PR.
SYMPTOM: every proxied write to the controller returned 422; reads worked fine. Red herring chased: body double-encoding.
ROOT CAUSE: call_backend relayed bodies but dropped the Content-Type header (Python requests sets none for data=<bytes>). Harmless for years, until the controller's FastAPI upgrade made JSON parsing strict about the header — a latent bug armed by a dependency bump in a different repo.
EVIDENCE: issue #93 (high-priority), PR #94 (merged 2026-05-27). Diagnosed with tcpdump in the container netns because Traefik swallowed the detail.
STATUS: fixed.
4.3 call_backend/call_peer is a repeat offender — full rap sheet
Checklist when touching any sign-and-forward proxy code here: forward query strings, forward Content-Type (and other load-bearing headers), stream bodies. Note _get_app_for_ip_address in shard_core/web/internal/call_peer.py is lru_cache'd and carries a "todo: test this" — untested hot path.
4.4 Splash-screen stalemate (#91/#92) — UNRESOLVED, do not code around it
GOAL: embed the real upstream error response (hidden) in the splash page so it's visible in dev tools — issue #91.
CONFLICT: PR #92 implements an internal reverse proxy; maintainer max-tet requested changes ("too complex — no need for a separate endpoint"). The agent's counter-argument: Traefik's errors middleware discards the upstream body, so some proxy is technically required. No movement since 2026-05-27.
STATUS as of 2026-07-03: open architectural disagreement. Do not merge-adjacent work that presumes either outcome; if you pick this up, resolve the disagreement in the issue thread first (see freeshard-change-control for how decisions get made).
5. CI and release-process incidents
5.1 GitLab→GitHub CI bring-up chain, 0.31.0→0.32.0 (six tags in three days, 2025-02-24..26)
CONTEXT: GitLab registry credentials had already died once (0.30.4–0.30.6, commits 584113e, 4d6e30f, 2025-01-20..21). Full migration: b33eada "delete .gitlab-ci.yml" + 0729394 "add github actions" (2025-02-24).
SYMPTOM: pipeline debugged by trial and error directly on main: b258fbd "fix pipeline env vars", d67abc6 "fix pipeline permissions", d2acc45 "try another way to handle slug vars", 59c4e07 "use sha as label temporarily", 42cf5c6 "hard code registry path", d309113 "skip json-schema and api-docs for now".
STATUS: pipeline works, BUT the "temporary" skip from d309113 (2025-02-26) is still in place — the json-schema job is commented out in .github/workflows/release.yml (line ~75) as of 2026-07-03. If your change relies on published JSON schemas or API docs, they are not being published.
5.2 Chronic CI flakiness (multi-year)
tests/conftest.py is the most fix-touched file in the repo (33 fix-commit touches). Landmarks: dcf6207 skip flaky peer-call tests (2022), 28964fd network not torn down between tests, aad605a telemetry test converted to unit test, c824636 install-timeout bump (2026), dc45ced LifespanManager shutdown_timeout. Before "fixing" a flaky test, check freeshard-testing-and-qa — most flake classes here have a known cause.
5.3 Reverts are rare — treat them as signals
Only ONE true git revert exists in ~784 commits: 3ee5a71 (reverts e0c4bed, 2023 test-infra). The project's failure mode is not revert-thrash; it is fix-tails (patch bursts after infra releases) and abandoned branches. When you see an unmerged branch, assume "pending decision or dead end", never "free code to merge" — check the PR/issue state first.
6. Controller-side incidents shard work must know about
These live in FreeshardBase/freeshard-controller but bite shard_core work directly.
6.1 Docker daemon.json reload-vs-restart trap
SYMPTOM: core v16 shipped daemon-wide log rotation (max-size/max-file); it silently did nothing.
ROOT CAUSE: it was applied with systemctl reload docker. SIGHUP reloads only a whitelisted subset of daemon.json — log-driver/log-opts and default-ulimits are NOT in it, and containers keep stale in-memory values even when recreated after a reload.
STATUS: fixed in core v17. Rule: log-opts/ulimit changes need systemctl restart docker (bounces all containers — maintenance window), never reload.
6.2 Migration-delivery trap — the sentinel guards the wrong thing
SYMPTOM: host migrations silently never ran on fresh shards and on version-skipping upgrades (e.g. v15→v17); a broken shard was found where the nofile migration had never executed.
ROOT CAUSE: script delivery was version-scoped (only the target version's scripts were uploaded), and the .migrations_applied sentinel only prevented re-running — it gave zero protection against never-delivered scripts.
EVIDENCE: controller issue #307, fix PR #308 (cumulative union of all versions' scripts, globally-unique vN-NN-description.sh names, numeric ordering); follow-up #323 replaced run-once sentinels with idempotent reconcilers run on every converge.
STATUS: fixed. Design rule: prefer idempotent reconcile-on-every-converge over run-once sentinels.
6.3 OVH base-image rotation broke provisioning
SYMPTOM: shard provisioning failed with a cryptic list index out of range; auto-provisioning disabled itself.
ROOT CAUSE: OVH removed the non-LTS "Ubuntu 25.04" image from the region without notice; code did exact-name match + [0] on an empty list.
EVIDENCE: controller PRs #299 (bump image), #300 (image name becomes a controller-managed runtime setting), #301 (clear error when image/key not found).
STATUS: fixed; lessons: pin LTS images only; provider provisioning inputs are runtime settings, not static config. Side effect: the Ubuntu 26.04 image was factor 2 of the fd-exhaustion outage (4.1).
6.4 OVH SDK singleton auth-brick
SYMPTOM: after one transient OVH token-endpoint 500, ALL subsequent OVH calls returned "401 You must login first" until controller restart; two shard deletions failed and the VMs kept billing.
ROOT CAUSE: process-level ovh.Client singleton cached a stale token with no recovery path.
STATUS: fixed. Pattern: SDK singletons with token caching need auth-error reset+retry.
6.5 Lexical version sort — "everything was fine until v10"
SYMPTOM: the system thought core v9 was newer than v10; bit in four places at once (backend latest-version, /core-versions list, frontend latest, upgrade dropdown).
ROOT CAUSE: version directory names sorted as strings: "v10" < "v9".
STATUS: fixed. Rule: never sort version identifiers lexically; use a numeric ordinal, and the frontend trusts backend order. Related: shard_core's move to real semver is open — issue #118.
6.6 Pricing rounding divergence — Python round() vs JS Math.round()
SYMPTOM: displayed price label could disagree with the actual PayPal charge by 1 cent on half-cent results.
ROOT CAUSE: Python round() is banker's rounding, JS Math.round() is half-up; they agreed under the old formula and diverged once the 19%-VAT factor produced half-cent values.
EVIDENCE: controller PR #298 — switched backend to half-up int(x + 0.5), bit-identical to Math.round for positive values; sibling PRs web-terminal#30 and landing-page#15 (formula is manually duplicated across repos and must change in lockstep).
STATUS: fixed. Rule: never use Python round() in pricing code.
6.7 PayPal quantity-pricing workaround
CONSTRAINT: PayPal forbids repricing a running subscription (422 OVERRIDES_ON_SAME_PLAN_NOT_ALLOWED).
ACCEPTED DESIGN: ONE plan priced €0.01 with quantity_supported; quantity = price in cents; resize = quantity revision, applies next cycle. Webhooks must read resource.quantity, not last_payment (lags a cycle).
REJECTED ALTERNATIVES: per-resize plan overrides (hard 422 above); ping-ponging between two €1 plans (rejected in review as unmaintainable); redirect-based resize (broke behind the shard proxy — reworked to fully in-window PayPal JS SDK, controller PR #292).
STATUS: live in production since 2026-06-23. Do not propose plan-per-price designs.
7. Identity direction: Authelia is dead, embedded OIDC is the path
HISTORY: PR #86 "Add Authelia as core IAM service" is still open but orphaned — never reviewed, and its driving issue #36 was closed 2026-06-29 in a bulk backlog cleanup (same-minute closures of #18, #33, #36, #37, #71, #72; #25 shortly after). Branch: origin/clayde/issue-36-authelia-yaml-backend (2026-05-18).
DECISION (2026-06-12, recorded outside this repo): identity = embedded OIDC provider inside shard_core (Authlib), NOT Authelia. A PoC exists on the local-only branch spike/oidc-provider-poc (last commit 2026-06-12, zero-click Immich login); production implementation had not started in this repo as of 2026-07-03.
STATUS: Authelia = decided-won't-do. Do not resurrect PR #86 or issue #36. All OIDC work goes through freeshard-oidc-identity-campaign, which owns the decision gates.
8. Platform traps without a clean "fixed" commit
8.1 Idle-sleep × PWA service worker
Idle-slept apps cold-start on demand, but a split web/backend app (seen with KitchenOwl) serves a static 200 before its backend is ready — shard_core thinks "reachable" and skips the splash. Worse, a PWA service worker serves the cached shell without ever hitting the shard, then hard-redirects to /unreachable; after version bumps the stale cached frontend trips min_frontend_version until a hard refresh. Partial mitigation: gate the web container with depends_on: condition: service_healthy in the app's compose (app-repository side). General rule: scale-to-zero in front of SPAs/PWAs lies to your proxy. (No public tracking issue found as of 2026-07-03; treat details as unverified-but-load-bearing.)
8.2 Ops-visibility gaps from the July 2026 Immich incidents — OPEN
Two real incidents (DB-extension migration killed mid-flight; OOM restart loop shown to the user as a bare 502) produced two open issues: #121 no-interruption window for app updates so on-startup migrations finish, and #120 make OOM kills / restart loops visible. STATUS: open as of 2026-07-03 — check current state before starting related work.
8.3 The overbuilt agentic dev-loop — retired after one day
The first autonomous dev-loop build (in-container execution, derived-phase state machine, review-packet pipeline) was retired the day after going live as overbuilt, replaced by the current dumb grind script (one fresh headless session per issue; GitHub is the only state store; nothing auto-merges). EVIDENCE: ClaydeCode/me PR #100 "Gate freeshard loop behind CLAYDE_FS_ENABLED (default off)" (merged 2026-06-30). LESSON: for agent tooling here, the dispatcher stays dumb and all intelligence lives in the per-issue agent — don't rebuild the state machine.
9. Repo-archaeology command set
These are the exact commands used to build this chronicle. Path trap: the codebase was renamed portal_core/ → shard_core/ in commit 88e5842 (2025-02-11, part of open-sourcing). Any history search MUST cover both prefixes.
# Tag → date table (release cadence, incident-burst detection)for t in $(git tag | sort -V); doecho"$t$(git log -1 --format=%ad --date=short $t)"; done# Churn: most-changed files ever
git log --format= --name-only | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -30
# Fix hotspots: files most touched by fix-commits
git log -i --grep=fix --format= --name-only | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -30
# History of one file ACROSS the rename (list both paths; --follow only takes one path)
git log --oneline -- shard_core/service/backup.py portal_core/service/backup.py
# Stale-branch triage: what each remote branch has that main doesn'tfor b in $(git branch -r | grep -v HEAD); doecho"== $b"; git log --oneline main..$b | head -5; done# Resolve tag/branch topology surprises (e.g. the 0.37.5 backport)
git branch -a --contains <tag>
# Which release first contained a commit
git tag --contains <sha> | sort -V | head -1
gh gotchas for this org: gh issue view N --comments fails ("Projects classic deprecated") — use --json body,comments. Issue and PR numbers share one sequence; check gh api repos/FreeshardBase/freeshard/issues/N -q '.pull_request!=null' when unsure which one a "Fix #N" commit means (e.g. #54, #63 are PRs, not issues).
10. Checklist: before restarting storage / DB / docker-lib work
Copy this into your plan and tick each item:
Read the three dead DB-migration branches before proposing any storage change: git log --oneline main..origin/feature/sqlite, ...main..origin/copilot/migrate-database-to-postgres, ...main..origin/issue/25-replace-tinydb-with-postgres. The merged pattern is origin/replace-tinydb-with-postgres → PR #56.
For docker-lib work: read PR #88 (python-on-whales, open, unreviewed) and issue #24 — don't fork a fourth approach.
Any new docker-start path handles stale container names AND stale network refs (section 3).
Proxy changes forward query strings, Content-Type, and stream bodies (4.3).
No Traefik v3 work — settled in PR #112; v2.11 is the production pin (4.1).
No Authelia work — settled; embedded OIDC is the path (7).
Re-check the live state of anything marked OPEN here (gh issue view N --repo FreeshardBase/freeshard --json state,title) — this file is a snapshot dated 2026-07-03.
When NOT to use this skill
You have a live symptom to triage right now → freeshard-debugging-playbook (it has the symptom→experiment tables; this file is the historical record behind them).
You need why the architecture is the way it is / current invariants → freeshard-architecture-contract.
You need how to classify, gate, or release a change (including merged-is-not-shipped mechanics) → freeshard-change-control.
You need crypto/signatures/Traefik-forwardAuth theory → freeshard-domain-reference.
You are working the OIDC identity provider → freeshard-oidc-identity-campaign (it owns the live decision gates; section 7 here is only the back-story).
You want analysis technique (how investigations like 4.1 were actually run) → freeshard-proof-and-analysis-toolkit.
Provenance and maintenance
Written 2026-07-03 by repo archaeology (git log/tags/branches at local checkout, origin state via gh) plus GitHub issue/PR reads on FreeshardBase/freeshard, FreeshardBase/freeshard-controller, and ClaydeCode/me. All commit hashes, tag dates, issue/PR states, and titles were individually verified on 2026-07-03. Maintainer knowledge without a public artifact is labeled inline (sections 4.1 partial, 7, 8.1).
Drift-prone facts and how to re-verify each:
Fact (as of 2026-07-03)
Re-verify with
PR #92 splash stalemate still open/CHANGES_REQUESTED
gh api repos/FreeshardBase/freeshard-controller/contents/freeshard-controller-backend/data/core-versions --jq '.[].name' | sort -V | tail -1, then fetch that version's docker-compose.yml and grep traefik:
