Automatisation de tests avec Selenium WebDriver, couvrant les locators, les waits, le Page Object Model et Selenium Grid. Se déclenche avec "Selenium", "WebDriver", "test automatisé", "Page Object Model", "Selenium Grid. Also triggers on "flaky UI tests".
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name
selenium-guide
description
Automatisation de tests avec Selenium WebDriver, couvrant les locators, les waits, le Page Object Model et Selenium Grid. Se déclenche avec "Selenium", "WebDriver", "test automatisé", "Page Object Model", "Selenium Grid. Also triggers on "flaky UI tests".
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless=new") # headless pour CI
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
options.add_argument("--disable-dev-shm-usage")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(
service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()),
options=options
)
driver.implicitly_wait(0) # toujours 0 avec explicit waits
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
# Bon
el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-testid='login-btn']")
# Acceptable
el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//button[normalize-space()='Connexion']")
# Éviter
el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "/html/body/div[3]/div[1]/button")
3. Gérer les waits correctement
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=10)
# Attendre qu'un élément soit cliquable
btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-testid='submit']")))
btn.click()
# Attendre la disparition d'un spinner
wait.until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".loading-spinner")))
# Attendre un texte précis
wait.until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, "status"), "Succès"))
# Custom condition (requête AJAX terminée)
wait.until(lambda d: d.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete")
Règle absolue : driver.implicitly_wait(0) + explicit waits exclusivement. Ne jamais mélanger les deux.
# conftest.pyimport pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
@pytest.fixturedefdriver():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
drv = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=options)
drv.set_window_size(1920, 1080)
yield drv
drv.quit()
5. Interactions complexes
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
actions = ActionChains(driver)
# Hover + click sur sous-menu
actions.move_to_element(menu).pause(0.3).click(submenu).perform()
# Drag and drop
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target).perform()
# Upload de fichier (input file)
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='file']").send_keys("/abs/path/file.pdf")
# Iframe
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element(By.ID, "payment-iframe"))
# ... interactions dans l'iframe ...
driver.switch_to.default_content()
# Nouvelle fenêtre/onglet
original = driver.current_window_handle
driver.switch_to.window([h for h in driver.window_handles if h != original][0])
# ... actions dans le nouvel onglet ...
driver.close()
driver.switch_to.window(original)
# Alert
alert = wait.until(EC.alert_is_present())
alert.accept() # ou alert.dismiss() / alert.send_keys(...)
