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name
maker-safety-practices
description
Implements makerspace safety protocols with PPE selection by hazard type, machine-specific safe operating procedures (3D printers, laser cutters, CNC, soldering), and emergency response.
license
MIT
compatibility
opencode
metadata
{"version":"1.0.0","domain":"maker","triggers":"maker safety, makerspace safety, 3d printer safety, laser cutter safety, PPE selection, fume extraction, how do i work safely with tools","archetypes":["educational"],"anti_triggers":["brainstorming","vague ideation"],"response_profile":{"verbosity":"low","directive_strength":"high","abstraction_level":"operational"},"role":"implementation","scope":"implementation","output-format":"code","content-types":["code","guidance","config","examples","do-dont"],"related-skills":"rapid-prototyping-workflow, digital-fabrication"}
Maker Safety Practices
Implements comprehensive safety protocols for makerspace operations covering hazard assessment, PPE selection by hazard type, machine-specific safe operating procedures for 3D printers/laser cutters/CNC mills/electronics workstations, electrical safety for power tools and battery handling, fume extraction requirements, and emergency response procedures. Safety is not optional — every operation requires a documented risk assessment before the first tool is touched.
TL;DR Checklist
Complete hazard assessment: identify ALL hazard types (thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical, particulate) present in the workspace
Verify PPE matches each identified hazard: ANSI Z87.1 eye protection, N95/respirator for particulates/chemicals, appropriate gloves
Confirm emergency stop is accessible and functional — within arm's reach, unobstructed, tested before each session
Ensure fire extinguisher of correct class (ABC general, D for metal fires) is present and inspected within last 12 months
Verify fume extraction/ventilation is active and functioning BEFORE starting any operation that generates smoke, fumes, or particulates
Inspect machine safety features: interlocks on laser cutters, chip guards on CNC, thermal run protection on 3D printers, E-stop wiring intact
Maintain a 36-inch clear workspace perimeter around every operating machine; no flammable materials within that radius
Confirm first aid kit is accessible within 30 seconds and contains burn dressings, eye wash solution, and trauma supplies
Wear NO loose clothing, jewelry, or unrestrained long hair near rotating machinery (CNC mills, drill presses, lathes)
Never leave an active laser cutter, CNC mill, or soldering station unattended — 3D printers may run unattended ONLY if thermal runaway protection is confirmed active and room ventilation is adequate
When to Use
Use this skill when:
Setting up a new workspace, makerspace bay, or electronics bench before any fabrication begins
Operating any machine tool (CNC mill, lathe, drill press, saw) for the first time or after maintenance
Working with materials that generate fumes, smoke, or dust (3D printing ABS, soldering lead-free alloys, cutting composites, sanding wood)
Handling lithium-polymer (LiPo) batteries for charging, discharging, storage, or disposal
Performing electrical work involving mains voltage (120V/240V AC) or high-current DC systems
Conducting soldering operations with any heated tool above 200°C (soldering iron, hot air rework station)
Preparing for a safety audit or onboarding new makerspace users who need structured safety training
An incident, near-miss, or unsafe condition has been observed and needs formal documentation
When NOT to Use
Avoid this skill for:
Situations requiring professional safety officer judgment — industrial-scale chemical storage, radiation equipment, high-voltage (>1000V) systems, confined space entry
Emergency situations already in progress where immediate action is needed — call emergency services (911 or local equivalent) first, then document using this skill's protocols after the situation is controlled
Legal compliance documentation for regulated industries (medical device manufacturing, aviation maintenance) — these require certified safety programs and licensed professionals
Core Workflow
Step 1: Assess Hazard Type
Identify every hazard category present in your operation. A single task may involve multiple hazards simultaneously.
Hazard categories and common sources:
Hazard Type
Sources
Primary Risk
Thermal
Laser cutter optics, soldering iron (300-450°C), 3D printer hot end (200-260°C), heated bed (60-110°C), CNC spindle friction
Burns, fires from ignition of nearby materials, thermal runaway in printers
Checkpoint: List ALL hazard categories applicable to your specific task. If you can name only one category, you are under-assessing — every operation has at least two hazards.
Step 2: Select Required PPE
Match personal protective equipment to each identified hazard. No single piece of PPE covers all hazards; layer protection appropriately.
Eye and face protection:
Hazard
Required Protection
Standard
Notes
General workshop work (3D printer, soldering bench)
ANSI Z87.1 safety glasses with side shields
ANSI/ANSI Z87.1-2020
Must have "Z87" or "Z87+" etched into lens
CNC milling (flying chips), table saw
Full face shield OVER safety glasses
ANSI Z87.1-2020 + Z87 side shields
Face shield alone is NOT sufficient — secondary eyewear required underneath
Laser cutter operation
Interlock enclosure OR laser-rated goggles matched to wavelength
EN 207/EN 206 or equivalent
Goggles must have optical density rating for specific laser wavelength (e.g., OD5+ at 1064nm for fiber lasers)
Chemical handling (resin, acetone)
Splash-proof safety goggles (sealed)
ANSI Z87.1-2020
Regular safety glasses do NOT prevent splash exposure to eyes
Hand protection:
Hazard
Required Protection
Notes
Chemical handling (resin, acetone, solvents)
Nitrile gloves (minimum 4 mil thickness)
Replace immediately if torn or saturated; latex causes allergic reactions in many people
Sharp edges (laser-cut sheet metal, raw stock)
Cut-resistant gloves (ANSI Level A3+)
Must be removed before approaching any rotating machinery — loose material can get caught
Hot surfaces (removing prints, handling heated parts)
Heat-resistant gloves (Kevlar or leather, rated to task temperature)
Do NOT use fabric work gloves near rotating tools
Electrical work
Class 0 insulated gloves (rated for voltage level)
Must be inspected before each use; rubber inspection certificate required
General workshop tasks
NO GLOVES near CNC mill, lathe, drill press, or any rotating tool
Glove entanglement causes severe finger/hand amputation — this is the #1 rule of machine safety
Respiratory protection:
Exposure
Required Protection
Notes
Wood dust, sanding, general particulates
N95 respirator (NIOSH-approved)
Must fit-seal check performed each wear; replace when breathing becomes difficult or after 8 hours continuous use
Solder fumes, light chemical vapors
Activated carbon mask (respirator with organic vapor cartridge)
P100 + OV combination for best protection against both particulates and organics
Nuisance masks and cloth masks provide ZERO protection against chemical vapors
Unknown or high-concentration airborne hazards
Supplied-air respirator (SCBA) or immediate evacuation
Do not enter area — call safety officer or emergency services
Hearing protection:
Noise Level
Required Protection
Notes
< 75 dB(A)
None required
Normal conversation level
75–85 dB(A)
Recommended but not mandatory
Long-exposure monitoring recommended
85–100 dB(A)
Earplugs (NRR 25+) or earmuffs
CNC milling, table saws, router tables typically in this range
> 100 dB(A)
Double protection: earplugs + earmuffs
Chain saws, large industrial saws; limit exposure to < 2 hours/day
Checkpoint: Every identified hazard must have a corresponding PPE requirement listed. If a hazard exists without matched PPE, stop and procure the correct protection before proceeding.
Step 3: Verify Machine Safety Features
Test all safety mechanisms before beginning any fabrication session. A machine with disabled or broken safety features is as dangerous as no machine at all.
Pre-session safety checklist (repeat for every machine):
Check
Action
Pass Criteria
Emergency stop
Press the E-stop button, verify machine powers down immediately
Machine stops within 1 second of E-stop actuation; must be physically reset to resume operation
E-stop accessibility
Walk from your normal standing position to the E-stop without moving feet
Path is clear, no cables/tools blocking reach, E-stop is clearly visible and colored red on yellow background
Enclosure/interlock (laser)
Open the laser cutter door while a job is running (if safe to test) or verify interlock engages when door opens
Laser tube immediately ceases emission; status indicator changes from "LASER ON" to "LASER OFF"
Ventilation/fume extraction
Verify exhaust fan is running with airflow indicator active; feel for suction at work zone
Airflow gauge shows adequate flow, or paper strip placed near extraction port is drawn toward it
Machine guards (CNC)
Inspect chip guard is in place, spindle guard intact, axis travel limits functional
Guard covers all exposed rotating tool; limit switches respond when axes reach physical endpoints
Thermal runaway protection (3D printer)
Verify firmware setting is enabled and heater thermistor reads ambient temperature correctly on cold start
Marlin/Motion/RepRapFirmware: "THERMAL RUNWAY PROTECTION" is defined in Configuration.h; hot end does not exceed 50°C without command
Grounding
Inspect power cord grounding pin intact, equipment connected to grounded outlet (no adapters)
Outlet tester shows correct wiring (GROUNDED); no cracked or damaged cords visible
Fire suppression readiness
Fire extinguisher present in room, correct class for hazards, pressure gauge in green zone, inspection tag current
Extinguisher within 30 feet of machine, inspected within last 12 months, type matches workspace hazards (ABC for general)
Step 4: Set Up Safe Work Environment
Configure the physical workspace before activating any equipment.
Workspace layout requirements:
36-inch clearance zone: Maintain a minimum 36-inch (91cm) clear perimeter around every operating machine. No stools, bins, cables, or materials within this zone. This provides escape space and E-stop access.
Flammable material buffer zone: Keep all paper, cardboard, solvents, aerosol cans, and fabric at least 10 feet from laser cutters, soldering stations, and 3D printers with active hot ends.
Fire extinguisher placement: Class ABC fire extinguisher must be visible and accessible within 30 seconds (approximately 75 feet) of any fabrication station. Class D extinguisher required for any metalworking area.
First aid kit: Must be stocked within arm's reach (within 30 seconds walking time) and contain: burn gel/dressings, sterile gauze pads, adhesive bandages, trauma shears, eye wash solution, nitrile gloves, and CPR mask.
Lighting: Minimum 500 lux at the work surface without glare on reflective surfaces (polished metal, laser beam path, mirror-finish prints). Task lamp required for precision soldering or detail sanding.
Housekeeping: Floor free of tripping hazards (cables routed and taped down), spills cleaned immediately, waste bins with lids for chemical-contaminated materials (acetone-soaked rags stored in sealed metal container to prevent spontaneous combustion).
Step 5: Execute Machine-Specific Safety Protocol
Follow the startup, operation, and shutdown sequence for each machine type. Do not deviate from these sequences.
General startup sequence:
Verify workspace is clear (36-inch perimeter, no flammable materials nearby)
Confirm PPE is donned correctly for identified hazards
Verify ventilation/fume extraction is ACTIVE before powering on the machine
Power on machine, allow warm-up period if specified by manufacturer
Run a dry cycle or self-test (no material/workpiece loaded) to confirm normal operation
Load material/workpiece using appropriate handling tools — not bare hands when hot or sharp
Start fabrication — stay within sight of the machine for the first 10 minutes
General shutdown sequence:
Allow complete cycle finish — do not abort mid-operation unless an emergency condition exists
Wait for all heating elements to cool below safe touch temperature (<50°C)
Remove workpiece using appropriate tools (tweezers, pliers, brush — never bare hands on hot parts)
Turn off machine power, then disconnect extraction/ventilation after 2 minutes to purge remaining fumes
Clean workspace: remove debris, wipe surfaces with appropriate cleaner, store tools in designated locations
Log any abnormalities, near-misses, or unusual behavior in the shared incident log
Machine-Specific Protocols
3D Printer Safety
Thermal hazards:
Hot ends operate at 200–260°C for PLA/PETG/ABS; up to 300°C for Nylon/PC. Contact causes immediate severe burns.
Heated beds operate at 60–110°C. Contact above 55°C causes second-degree burns within seconds.
Rule: Never touch a hot end or heated bed without confirming temperature via display or reading <40°C with IR thermometer.
Fume hazards by material:
Material
Fumes Generated
Ventilation Requirement
PLA
Minimal (lactide — low toxicity)
Basic room ventilation adequate
PETG
Glycol-based fumes (low risk)
Room ventilation adequate
ABS
Styrene (carcinogenic, CNS depressant)
Mandatory: active extraction or outdoor venting. Never run in unventilated bedroom/home office.
Nylon
Caprolactam fumes (respiratory irritant)
Active extraction required
Resin (SLA/DLP)
Uncured photopolymer vapor + UV exposure
Mandatory: fume extractor, nitrile gloves for handling. Never handle uncured resin with bare skin.
Thermal runaway protection:
Must be enabled in printer firmware. Verify before each print session.
If the hot end temperature exceeds 15°C above the setpoint for more than 10 seconds, thermal runaway should trigger an automatic shutdown and heater disable.
Test quarterly: disconnect thermistor and verify printer shuts down heaters and alarms within 30 seconds.
Laser Cutter Safety
CRITICAL — Material Incompatibility List:
Never cut or engrave the following materials in ANY laser cutter under any circumstances:
Material
Hazard
Why Forbidden
PVC, vinyl, pleather, "faux leather"
Chlorine gas release
Produces hydrogen chloride gas — corrodes machine optics, creates toxic cloud, can kill people
Polycarbonate (Lexan)
Melts, ignites
Does not cut cleanly; catches fire inside enclosure
HDPE / PP plastics
Melts through, ignites
Low melting point causes material to drip and ignite
Fiberglass
Silica dust, toxic fumes
Destroys laser mirror and optics with conductive dust
Carbon fiber
Toxic fumes, electrical conductivity
Carbon dust is conductive — can short laser tube electronics
Materials with halogenated flame retardants
Unknown toxic gas release
Chemical composition varies by batch — unpredictable hazard
Reflective metals (bare copper, brass, aluminum)
Laser reflection back into tube
Reflected beam can destroy laser source and create fire
Interlock integrity:
The enclosure interlock must prevent laser emission whenever the door is open. Test before every session.
Never bypass or disable an interlock — "I'll just prop it open for this one quick cut" has caused multiple permanent eye injuries in maker spaces.
Ventilation requirements:
CO2 laser cutters (10.6µm wavelength): Active exhaust fan must move minimum 5 CFM per square foot of bed area, with carbon filter stage for odor removal.
Fiber lasers (1.06µm): Same airflow requirements PLUS spark extraction for metal cutting operations.
CNC Mill Safety
Tool speed and feed rate verification:
Before starting any cut, confirm the displayed RPM matches your calculated requirement (see digital-fabrication skill toolpath calculator). Running a small end mill at excessive RPM causes catastrophic tool failure — the tool shatters at high velocity.
Verify the tool is properly seated in the collet with correct clamping length and torque. A loose tool becomes a high-speed projectile.
Workholding security:
Vises must be tightened to manufacturer-specified torque before cutting begins.
Clamps must clear the tool path — verify by jogging the axis manually (low speed) through the full cutting range with the spindle OFF but the light ON for visibility.
Soft jaws should be used for irregular stock shapes; never rely on friction alone to hold material.
Chip guard and containment:
The chip guard must enclose all exposed rotating tool surfaces during operation.
Coolant/minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) systems require splash guards — coolant can create slippery floor hazards.
Electronics / Soldering Station Safety
LiPo battery handling protocol:
Operation
Requirement
Charging
Charge on non-flammable surface (concrete floor, metal tray). Never charge on wood, fabric, or plastic table top. Use a LiPo fireproof bag or sandbox charging station. Maximum charge current: 1C (where C = battery capacity in Ah).
Storage
Store at 3.8V per cell (storage voltage). Keep in fireproof container away from flammable materials. Maximum 5 batteries per container in a makerspace environment.
Inspection
Check every battery before use: no swelling, punctures, or casing damage. A swollen LiPo is CRITICAL — do not charge, do not use. Place in sand bucket and arrange for proper disposal.
Disposal
Deactivate by submerging in salt water solution (10% NaCl by weight) for 48 hours until voltage reads <1V per cell. Then dispose as electronic waste at certified facility. Never place a LiPo in regular trash or recycling.
Fire response
A burning LiPo releases toxic gas (HF, CO). Evacuate the area immediately. Use a Class D fire extinguisher if available; otherwise use copious amounts of sand to smother. Do NOT use water on a lithium fire — it can intensify the reaction. Call fire department even for small fires.
ESD protection:
Wear an ESD wrist strap connected to a common ground point when handling sensitive components (CMOS ICs, FPGA modules, OLED displays).
Use an ESD-safe mat on the workbench with resistance between 10^6 and 10^9 ohms.
Store unmounted SMD components in conductive foam or metal containers — antistatic bags are not sufficient for long-term storage.
Fume extraction during soldering:
Active fume extractor with HEPA + activated carbon filter required within 12 inches of soldering iron tip.
Soldering in a shared workspace without personal fume extraction is unacceptable — flux fumes affect everyone in the room.
Lead-free solder (SAC305) produces different fume characteristics than leaded solder (63/37 Sn/Pb) — both require extraction; lead requires additional glove and hand-washing protocols.
Implementation Patterns
Pattern 1: Safety Checklist Generator (Printable Per Machine)
Complete a written hazard assessment for every new operation or workspace setup — never assume safety requirements from a previous task apply to the current one
Test emergency stop functionality at the start of every session, not just once when you arrive
Keep fire extinguishers inspected annually and replace if pressure gauge reads outside the green zone
Never bypass safety interlocks on laser cutters, CNC chip guards, or 3D printer thermal runaway protection — disabled safety is unacceptable risk
Store all chemical solvents (acetone, Isopropyl alcohol, resin) in flame-rated containers with sealed caps when not in active use
Wear ANSI Z87.1-rated eye protection in the entire workshop area — not just while operating a machine
Perform a fit-seal check on any respirator each time it is worn; a leaking seal provides zero protection
Immediately stop work and report to a safety officer if you observe: unusual odors, smoke without visible source, sparks from unexpected locations, structural cracks in machine components, or swollen/damaged batteries
MUST NOT DO
Never cut PVC, vinyl, or any halogen-containing material in a laser cutter — chlorine gas destroys the machine and creates a health emergency
Never wear loose clothing, jewelry, gloves, or unrestrained long hair near CNC mills, drill presses, lathes, or any rotating tool
Never leave an active soldering iron unattended — place it in its holder immediately after use, even for "just one second"
Never charge LiPo batteries on flammable surfaces (wooden tables, fabric-covered benches) or without a fireproof containment method
Never use compressed air to clean yourself or clothing of metal dust — it embeds particles into skin and can cause long-term health effects
Never mix food and drink areas with chemical storage, solvent handling, or battery charging zones
Never operate machinery while fatigued, under the influence of medication that impairs judgment, or without having read this procedure at minimum once
Output Template
When this skill is active, produce:
Hazard Assessment Matrix — Tabulated list of all hazard types identified for the specific operation with corresponding risk level (Low/Medium/High/Critical)
PPE Selection Summary — Required PPE per hazard type with ANSI/NIOSH rating specifications and rationale
Pre-Session Machine Safety Checklist — Completed checklist for each machine to be operated, including E-stop test result and ventilation status
Workspace Configuration Verification — Confirmed clearances (36-inch perimeter), fire extinguisher placement, first aid kit location, fume extraction status
Machine-Specific Protocol Confirmation — Step-by-step startup/operation/shutdown sequence for the selected machine(s) with sign-off points
"""Generate a human-readable safety checklist for the specified machine type.
Args:
machine: The machine type to generate checks for.
operator_name: Name of the operator (for audit trail).
session_date: Date string; defaults to today if not provided.
Returns:
Formatted text checklist ready for printing or digital signing.
"""
"""Generate JSON format checklist for digital tracking and automated PPE recommendation.
Returns:
JSON string with machine checks, hazard categories, and required PPE derived from hazards.
"""
# Derive PPE requirements from the hazard categories present in this machine's checklist
set
str
set
for
in
if
"thermal"
in
"heat-resistant gloves (for handling hot parts only)"
"ANSI Z87.1 safety glasses"
if
"mechanical"
in
"ANSI Z87.1 safety glasses with side shields"
"No loose clothing, jewelry, or gloves near rotating tools"
if
"chemical"
in
"Nitrile gloves (minimum 4 mil)"
"Chemical splash goggles OR respirator with OV cartridges"
if
"electrical"
in
"Insulated tools appropriate for voltage class"
if
"particulate"
in
"N95 respirator (or P100 + activated carbon for chemical fumes)"
"machine_type"
"checklist_items"
for
in
"required_ppe"
sorted
"total_checks"
len
"critical_count"
sum
1
for
in
if
return
2
if
"__main__"
import
1
if
len
1
else
"cnc_mill"
2
if
len
2
else
""
# Map string input to enum
for
in
if
not
in
", "
sorted
print
f"Unknown machine type: '{machine_name}'"
print
f"Available: {available}"
1
# Generate and display text checklist
print
# Also generate JSON for digital tracking
with
open
f"checklist_{machine.value}.json"
"w"
as
print
f"\nJSON version written to: checklist_{machine.value}.json"
# Print PPE summary
print
f"\nPPE REQUIRED for {machine.value.replace('_', ' ').title()}:"
for
in
"required_ppe"
print
f" - {p}"
list
str
""
@dataclass
class
OperationAssessment
"""Complete hazard assessment for a makerspace operation."""
"""Run automated hazard assessment for a planned makerspace operation.
Analyzes the combination of materials, tools, and process details to identify
all applicable hazards and recommend appropriate controls.
Args:
operation_name: Human-readable name of the operation (e.g., "CNC milling aluminum bracket").
materials: List of material names (e.g., ["6061 aluminum", "WD-40 cutting fluid"]).
tools: List of tool/machine names (e.g., ["Haas VF-2 CNC mill", "compressed air gun"]).
process_notes: Optional dict with additional context:
- "heating": bool — whether heating is involved
- "high_voltage": float — voltage if electrical work >100V
- "resin_type": str — photopolymer resin type for SLA printing
- "metal_powder": bool — whether metal powder handling occurs
Returns:
OperationAssessment with complete hazard analysis and PPE recommendations.
"""
or
or
for
in
or
for
in
or
or
# --- Tool-based hazard detection ---
if
any
in
"cnc"
"mill"
"lathe"
"drill press"
"saw"
"router"
for
in
"Rotating tool/spindle presents entanglement and projectile hazards"
"Chip guard must enclose all exposed rotating surfaces"
"Workholding verified secure before power-on"
"ANSI Z87.1 safety glasses with side shields"
"Hit E-stop immediately; do NOT attempt to free caught material while spindle is moving"
"""Build a comprehensive emergency response card for a typical makerspace.
Covers all major hazard scenarios present in shared fabrication spaces.
Args:
facility_name: Name of the facility for the card header.
address: Physical address for emergency services reference.
Returns:
EmergencyResponseCard with pre-configured procedures for common makerspace emergencies.
"""
return
"General Hospital — Trauma Center"
"456 Medical Drive, 2 miles north on Highway 10"
"FIRE — Burning LiPo battery"
1
"EVACUATE the room immediately — LiPo fires release toxic gas (HF, CO)"
"Close the door to contain smoke and oxygen supply"
"Call 911 and state: 'lithium battery fire in makerspace'"
"Do NOT attempt to fight the fire if smoke is heavy or you are not trained"
"If exposed to smoke: move to fresh air immediately"
"If skin contact with burning battery: flush with water for 20 minutes"
"Seek immediate medical attention even for small fires — HF gas exposure can be delayed"
"Class D fire extinguisher (for lithium fires)"
"Fireproof sand bucket"
"LiPo fire bag"
"FIRE — Electrical/fire near CNC mill or laser cutter"
2
"Hit machine E-stop to cut power to the equipment"
"If safe to do so, unplug the machine from wall outlet"
"Use Class ABC fire extinguisher on electrical fires"
"Do NOT use water on electrical fires"
"Evacuate if fire cannot be contained within 30 seconds"
"For burns: cool with running water for 20 minutes"
"For smoke inhalation: fresh air immediately"
"Call 911 for any burn requiring medical attention"
"Class ABC fire extinguisher"
"Fire blanket"
"CHEMICAL SPLASH — Resin or solvent in eyes"
3
"Go to eyewash station immediately — do not wait"
"Hold eyelids open and flush with clean water for minimum 15 minutes"
"Remove contact lenses if present (do not delay flushing)"
"Call safety officer for guidance on specific chemical involved"
"Continue flushing while being transported to hospital"
"Bring the chemical container/SDS sheet to the ER for treatment reference"
"Do NOT use neutralizing solutions — plain water is correct"
"Eyewash station (verified functional)"
"Safety shower"
"LACERATION — Flying chip or metal fragment from CNC/lathe"
4
"Stop the machine immediately"
"Apply direct pressure to bleeding wound with clean cloth/gauze"
"If object is embedded in skin: do NOT remove it; stabilize with dressing around it"
"Elevate injured limb above heart level if possible"
"Seek medical attention for any deep cut, especially near joints or fingers"
"Tetanus shot may be needed if wound is contaminated and last shot was >5 years ago"
"If finger/nail completely severed: wrap in clean cloth, place in sealed bag on ice (do not touch ice directly)"
"Trauma first aid kit with pressure bandages"
"Tourniquet (if available and trained)"
"ELECTRIC SHOCK — Contact with mains voltage or live circuit"
5
"DO NOT TOUCH the victim if still in contact with energized component"
"Disconnect power at breaker or unplug the equipment FIRST"
"Only then approach the victim and check for responsiveness"
"If victim is not breathing: begin CPR immediately and call 911"
"Even if victim appears fine, seek medical evaluation — internal burns may not be visible"
"Monitor for irregular heartbeat for 24 hours after any significant shock above 50V"
