requirements-engineering

name

requirements-engineering

description

Use this skill to turn vague, ambiguous, or "lousy" requirements into precise, testable specifications BEFORE any code is written -- even when the user never says "BDD", "use case", or "acceptance criteria". Trigger when someone has a half-baked feature idea, an under-specified ticket, or a business brief that's "open to interpretation" and needs it pinned down: clarifying questions, As-a/I-want/So-that narratives, Given/When/Then acceptance criteria, use cases (data inputs, happy path, error and cancel courses), model-spec tables, request/response payload contracts, flowcharts, and module-dependency diagrams. This is the SPECIFICATION altitude -- WHAT to build and the contracts to honor. Hand off the implementation to the iOS architecture skill (composition root, layers, packages, concurrency), SwiftUI view code, and Swift Testing syntax -- do NOT use this skill to write or refactor that code, only to define what it must satisfy.

Requirements Engineering

Agent Behavior Contract

When this skill is active, follow these rules strictly:

1. Include the artifacts the feature warrants — the full set (BDD Narrative, Acceptance Criteria, Use Cases, Model Specs, Payload Contract, Flowchart, Architecture Diagram) for a non-trivial networked feature, but omit ones that don't apply: an online-only feature needs no offline narrative, cache use case, or Cancel course; a feature reusing a model needs no new Model Spec. The architecture diagram is one shared app-level graph, not one per feature.
2. Never accept vague requirements without asking clarifying questions first — Who are the user types? What happens offline? What are the error cases?
3. Use domain-specific language consistently across all artifacts — if the domain says "image feed" not "feed items", use "image feed" everywhere.
4. Every use case must have a Data section listing ALL inputs, a Primary course, at least one Error course, and a Cancel course where applicable.
5. Model Specs must use Property/Type tables — not prose descriptions.
6. Payload Contracts must show HTTP method, path, status code, and example JSON — including optional fields demonstrated by omission.
7. Requirements are living specifications — iterate and refine as understanding evolves, do not treat as one-time documents.

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Requirements Diagnostic Table

Symptom	First check	Smallest fix	Deep dive
Requirement is "susceptible to personal interpretation"	Missing user types / scenarios	Ask clarifying questions, split into narratives	references/bdd-narratives.md
BDD scenario covers only happy path	Missing error/offline/edge cases	Add error courses and cancellation	references/use-cases.md
Use case mixes multiple responsibilities	Separation of concerns	Extract into focused use cases (Load vs Validate vs Cache)	references/use-cases.md
No data contract between frontend and backend	Missing model specs / payload	Add Property/Type table + JSON contract	references/model-specs-and-contracts.md
Domain terms inconsistent across docs	Language alignment gap	Audit and rename terms consistently	references/domain-language.md
Diagram shows only happy path	Missing error flows	Add error/fallback branches	references/diagrams.md
Architecture diagram is generic boxes	Missing module dependencies	Show actual module dependency graph	references/diagrams.md
No traceability from requirements to code	Missing artifact mapping	Map BDD -> tests, use cases -> classes	references/feature-specification-workflow.md

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Gotchas

• Dependency-arrow notation carries two facts, not one. Head fill = "is-a/conforms-to" (open) vs. "depends-on" (filled); line style on a filled head = strong (solid, a stored let) vs. weak (dashed, a method parameter). Four meanings, easy to get wrong — always include a legend. See references/diagrams.md.
• A query that mutates state is the smell. Load is a side-effect-free query; deleting the cache is a command — split them (CQS). The case study briefly put a delete on the Load path, then extracted Validate Cache. See references/use-cases.md.
• Collection-empty ≠ single-resource-empty. An empty/expired collection cache is an empty success ("delivers no images"); an empty single keyed resource (image data by URL) is a not-found error.
• Optionality is shown by omission, not prose. In payload-contract JSON, include the optional field in some example items and omit it from others — never write "(optional)" only in prose or use null.
• The canonical domain term is the domain experts' word, not the team's preference (ubiquitous language). "Images" replaced "Items" because that's what the experts call them.
• Artifact count follows behavior, not a quota. Don't pad an online-only feature with offline narratives and Cancel courses to "complete the seven".

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Feature Specification Artifacts

A feature draws from this catalog of artifacts — use the ones its behavior warrants (the full set for a non-trivial networked feature; fewer for online-only or model-reusing features):

#	Artifact	Purpose	Template
1	BDD Narrative	Define who, what, why per user type	references/bdd-narratives.md
2	Acceptance Criteria	Given/When/Then scenarios	references/bdd-narratives.md
3	Use Cases	Step-by-step system behavior (Data/Primary/Error/Cancel)	references/use-cases.md
4	Model Specs	Property/Type tables for domain entities	references/model-specs-and-contracts.md
5	Payload Contract	HTTP method + path + response JSON	references/model-specs-and-contracts.md
6	Flowchart	Decision flow with error branches	references/diagrams.md
7	Architecture Diagram	Module dependency graph	references/diagrams.md

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The 6-Step Process

1. Identify — Recognize vague requirements ("susceptible to personal interpretation")
2. Clarify — Ask Who / What / Where / When / Why / How
3. Specify BDD — Write narratives and acceptance criteria -> references/bdd-narratives.md
4. Define Use Cases — Write procedural steps with cancel courses -> references/use-cases.md
5. Model & Contract — Create model specs and payload contracts -> references/model-specs-and-contracts.md
6. Visualize & Document — Generate diagrams, compile feature spec -> references/diagrams.md, references/feature-specification-workflow.md

End-to-end guide: feature-specification-workflow.md

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Guardrails

• Do not accept "As a user, I want X, So I can X" — always specify concrete user types
• Do not write use cases without a Data section listing all inputs
• Do not omit Cancel courses for operations involving network or async work
• Do not mix domain terms — if BDD says "image feed", use case must say "image feed", not "feed items"
• Do not create architecture diagrams without showing module dependencies and protocol boundaries
• Do not treat requirements as a one-time document — they evolve with the code
• Do not include implementation details in BDD narratives — keep them behavioral
• Do not describe models as prose — use Property/Type tables

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Verification Checklist

When reviewing a feature specification:

1. Every BDD narrative specifies a concrete user type (not just "user")
2. Every acceptance criterion has Given/When/Then with specific preconditions
3. Every use case has Data, Primary course, and at least one Error course
4. Cancel courses exist for all cancellable operations
5. Model Specs have Property/Type tables for every domain entity
6. Payload Contract shows HTTP method, path, status code, and example JSON
7. Flowchart includes error/fallback branches (not just happy path)
8. Architecture diagram shows module dependencies (not generic boxes)
9. Domain terminology is consistent across every artifact
10. Feature specification is self-contained (could be understood independently)

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Reference Router

Open the smallest reference that matches the question:

• Narratives & Criteria
  • bdd-narratives.md — BDD stories, user narratives, acceptance criteria, scenario patterns
• System Behavior
  • use-cases.md — use case structure, courses, separation of concerns
• Data Contracts
  • model-specs-and-contracts.md — model specs, payload contracts, JSON examples
• Visual Communication
  • diagrams.md — flowcharts, architecture, sequence, state diagrams
• Domain Consistency
  • domain-language.md — terminology alignment, renaming patterns
• Workflow
  • feature-specification-workflow.md — end-to-end feature spec, traceability