lemma-inference

name	lemma-inference
description	Quantify whether a difference or association is distinguishable from sampling noise using effect estimates, uncertainty intervals, tests, or power analysis.

Statistical inference

Deliver

Report the estimand, effect estimate, uncertainty interval, population and denominator, method and assumptions, practical interpretation, and any power or multiplicity limitation.

Check

• Define the estimand, comparison, smallest meaningful effect, and sampling or assignment process.
• Preserve pairing, clustering, repeated measures, and temporal dependence.
• Inspect sample sizes, missingness, imbalance, outliers, and distribution shape.
• Use robust, clustered, paired, permutation, or bootstrap uncertainty when the design requires it.
• Separate planned from exploratory tests and account for multiplicity.
• Stress-test the weakest assumption.

Do not equate significance with importance or causality, treat dependent observations as independent, or report p-values without effect sizes.

For method selection and power detail, read references/deep-guide.md.