2026-migration-patterns

name	2026-migration-patterns
description	Use when upgrading Zod 3→4, Vitest 2→4, Tailwind CSS 3→4. Covers non-obvious gotchas that cause runtime failures - things NOT prominently documented.

2026 Migration Gotchas

Edge cases and runtime errors discovered during major version upgrades. For documented changes, use Context7 to fetch official migration guides.

---

Zod 4: Enum Keys Require ALL Values

Not obvious from docs. If you use z.enum() as record keys, Zod 4 requires ALL enum values to be present. Partial records silently worked in Zod 3.

// Zod 3: This worked
const schema = z.record(z.enum(['a', 'b', 'c']), z.string())
schema.parse({ a: 'foo' }) // OK

// Zod 4: FAILS - missing 'b' and 'c'
// Error: "Invalid enum value"

// Fix: Use z.string() if partial records needed
const schema = z.record(z.string(), z.string())

Find affected code:

rg "z\.record\(z\.enum" --type ts

---

Vitest 4: Arrow Functions Can't Be Constructors

Runtime error, not compile-time. Mocks using arrow functions fail when called with new:

TypeError: () => ({...}) is not a constructor

// BROKEN - arrow function
vi.mock("ai", () => ({
  DefaultChatTransport: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
    api: "test"
  }))
}))

// FIXED - regular function
vi.mock("ai", () => ({
  DefaultChatTransport: vi.fn().mockImplementation(function(this: any, config: any) {
    this.api = config.api
  })
}))

---

Vitest 4: Observer Mocks for Test Setup

Copy-paste ready. These break silently in Vitest 4 if using arrow functions:

// test/setup.ts

global.ResizeObserver = vi.fn().mockImplementation(function(
  this: { observe: () => void; unobserve: () => void; disconnect: () => void }
) {
  this.observe = vi.fn();
  this.unobserve = vi.fn();
  this.disconnect = vi.fn();
});

global.IntersectionObserver = vi.fn().mockImplementation(function(
  this: { observe: () => void; unobserve: () => void; disconnect: () => void }
) {
  this.observe = vi.fn();
  this.unobserve = vi.fn();
  this.disconnect = vi.fn();
});

---

Vitest 4: Mock Type Casting

TypeScript errors when assigning mocks to native APIs:

// Error: Type 'Mock<...>' is not assignable to type '(...data: any[]) => void'
console.log = mockConsole.log

// Fix: explicit cast
console.log = mockConsole.log as typeof console.log

---

Tailwind 4: Migration Tool Requires Clean Git

The @tailwindcss/upgrade tool fails silently or refuses to run with uncommitted changes.

# This will fail if you have uncommitted changes
npx @tailwindcss/upgrade

# Do this first
git add -A && git commit -m "pre-tailwind-upgrade"
npx @tailwindcss/upgrade

---

Quick Find Commands

# Zod: enum record keys (may need redesign)
rg "z\.record\(z\.enum" --type ts

# Vitest: arrow function mocks (need regular function)
rg "mockImplementation\(\(\)" --type ts

# Zod: old error property
rg "\.error\.errors" --type ts

# Pinecone: old upsert API
rg "\.upsert\(\[" --type ts