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swiftui-patterns
// SwiftUI 架构模式,使用 @Observable 进行状态管理,视图组合,导航,性能优化,以及现代 iOS/macOS UI 最佳实践。
// SwiftUI 架构模式,使用 @Observable 进行状态管理,视图组合,导航,性能优化,以及现代 iOS/macOS UI 最佳实践。
React 18/19 patterns including hooks discipline, server/client component boundaries, Suspense + error boundaries, form actions, data fetching, state management decision trees, and accessibility-first composition. Use when writing or reviewing React components.
React and Next.js performance optimization patterns adapted from Vercel Engineering's React Best Practices (https://github.com/vercel-labs/agent-skills). Organizes 70+ rules across 8 priority categories — waterfalls, bundle size, server-side, client fetching, re-render, rendering, JS micro-perf, advanced. Use when writing, reviewing, or refactoring React/Next.js code for performance.
React component testing with React Testing Library, Vitest/Jest, MSW for network mocking, accessibility assertions with axe, and the decision boundary between component tests and Playwright/Cypress end-to-end runs. Use when writing or fixing tests for React components, hooks, or pages.
Agent-driven scheduling and publishing of social media posts across 13 platforms via SocialClaw. Use when the user wants to publish to X, LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook Pages, TikTok, Discord, Telegram, YouTube, Reddit, WordPress, or Pinterest — or when managing campaigns, uploading media, or monitoring post delivery status.
End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches.
Accessibility patterns for React and Next.js — semantic HTML, ARIA attributes, form labeling, keyboard navigation, focus management, and screen reader support. Use when building any interactive UI component or form.
| name | swiftui-patterns |
| description | SwiftUI 架构模式,使用 @Observable 进行状态管理,视图组合,导航,性能优化,以及现代 iOS/macOS UI 最佳实践。 |
适用于 Apple 平台的现代 SwiftUI 模式,用于构建声明式、高性能的用户界面。涵盖 Observation 框架、视图组合、类型安全导航和性能优化。
@State、@Observable、@Binding)NavigationStack 设计导航流程时选择最适合的最简单包装器:
| 包装器 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|
@State | 视图本地的值类型(开关、表单字段、Sheet 展示) |
@Binding | 指向父视图 @State 的双向引用 |
@Observable 类 + @State | 拥有多个属性的自有模型 |
@Observable 类(无包装器) | 从父视图传递的只读引用 |
@Bindable | 指向 @Observable 属性的双向绑定 |
@Environment | 通过 .environment() 注入的共享依赖项 |
使用 @Observable(而非 ObservableObject)—— 它跟踪属性级别的变更,因此 SwiftUI 只会重新渲染读取了已变更属性的视图:
@Observable
final class ItemListViewModel {
private(set) var items: [Item] = []
private(set) var isLoading = false
var searchText = ""
private let repository: any ItemRepository
init(repository: any ItemRepository = DefaultItemRepository()) {
self.repository = repository
}
func load() async {
isLoading = true
defer { isLoading = false }
items = (try? await repository.fetchAll()) ?? []
}
}
struct ItemListView: View {
@State private var viewModel: ItemListViewModel
init(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = ItemListViewModel()) {
_viewModel = State(initialValue: viewModel)
}
var body: some View {
List(viewModel.items) { item in
ItemRow(item: item)
}
.searchable(text: $viewModel.searchText)
.overlay { if viewModel.isLoading { ProgressView() } }
.task { await viewModel.load() }
}
}
用 @Environment 替换 @EnvironmentObject:
// Inject
ContentView()
.environment(authManager)
// Consume
struct ProfileView: View {
@Environment(AuthManager.self) private var auth
var body: some View {
Text(auth.currentUser?.name ?? "Guest")
}
}
将视图拆分为小型、专注的结构体。当状态变更时,只有读取该状态的子视图会重新渲染:
struct OrderView: View {
@State private var viewModel = OrderViewModel()
var body: some View {
VStack {
OrderHeader(title: viewModel.title)
OrderItemList(items: viewModel.items)
OrderTotal(total: viewModel.total)
}
}
}
struct CardModifier: ViewModifier {
func body(content: Content) -> some View {
content
.padding()
.background(.regularMaterial)
.clipShape(RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 12))
}
}
extension View {
func cardStyle() -> some View {
modifier(CardModifier())
}
}
使用 NavigationStack 与 NavigationPath 来实现程序化、类型安全的路由:
@Observable
final class Router {
var path = NavigationPath()
func navigate(to destination: Destination) {
path.append(destination)
}
func popToRoot() {
path = NavigationPath()
}
}
enum Destination: Hashable {
case detail(Item.ID)
case settings
case profile(User.ID)
}
struct RootView: View {
@State private var router = Router()
var body: some View {
NavigationStack(path: $router.path) {
HomeView()
.navigationDestination(for: Destination.self) { dest in
switch dest {
case .detail(let id): ItemDetailView(itemID: id)
case .settings: SettingsView()
case .profile(let id): ProfileView(userID: id)
}
}
}
.environment(router)
}
}
LazyVStack 和 LazyHStack 仅在视图可见时才创建它们:
ScrollView {
LazyVStack(spacing: 8) {
ForEach(items) { item in
ItemRow(item: item)
}
}
}
在 ForEach 中始终使用稳定、唯一的 ID —— 避免使用数组索引:
// Use Identifiable conformance or explicit id
ForEach(items, id: \.stableID) { item in
ItemRow(item: item)
}
body 内执行 I/O、网络调用或繁重计算.task {} 处理异步工作 —— 当视图消失时它会自动取消.sensoryFeedback() 和 .geometryGroup().shadow()、.blur() 和 .mask() —— 它们会触发屏幕外渲染对于 body 计算昂贵的视图,遵循 Equatable 以跳过不必要的重新渲染:
struct ExpensiveChartView: View, Equatable {
let dataPoints: [DataPoint] // DataPoint must conform to Equatable
static func == (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Bool {
lhs.dataPoints == rhs.dataPoints
}
var body: some View {
// Complex chart rendering
}
}
使用 #Preview 宏配合内联模拟数据以进行快速迭代:
#Preview("Empty state") {
ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: EmptyMockRepository()))
}
#Preview("Loaded") {
ItemListView(viewModel: ItemListViewModel(repository: PopulatedMockRepository()))
}
ObservableObject / @Published / @StateObject / @EnvironmentObject —— 迁移到 @Observablebody 或 init 中 —— 使用 .task {} 或显式的加载方法@State —— 改为从父视图传递AnyView 类型擦除 —— 对于条件视图,优先选择 @ViewBuilder 或 GroupSendable 要求查看技能:swift-actor-persistence 以了解基于 Actor 的持久化模式。
查看技能:swift-protocol-di-testing 以了解基于协议的 DI 和使用 Swift Testing 进行测试。