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postgres-patterns
PostgreSQL database patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, and security. Based on Supabase best practices.
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PostgreSQL database patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, and security. Based on Supabase best practices.
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Use when a brand needs to discover or articulate its identity through structured multi-session interviews. Covers purpose, positioning, audience, personality, voice, narrative, and founder-brand tension across 8 modules using laddering, 5 Whys, and projective techniques. Produces a resumable session with disk-persisted state and a master brandbook (90_SYNTHESIS.md).
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| name | postgres-patterns |
| description | PostgreSQL database patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, and security. Based on Supabase best practices. |
| metadata | {"origin":"ECC"} |
Quick reference for PostgreSQL best practices. For detailed guidance, use the database-reviewer agent.
| Query Pattern | Index Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
WHERE col = value | B-tree (default) | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE col > value | B-tree | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE a = x AND b > y | Composite | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b) |
WHERE jsonb @> '{}' | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
WHERE tsv @@ query | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
| Time-series ranges | BRIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col) |
| Use Case | Correct Type | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| IDs | bigint | int, random UUID |
| Strings | text | varchar(255) |
| Timestamps | timestamptz | timestamp |
| Money | numeric(10,2) | float |
| Flags | boolean | varchar, int |
Composite Index Order:
-- Equality columns first, then range columns
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- Works for: WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'
Covering Index:
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- Avoids table lookup for SELECT email, name, created_at
Partial Index:
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- Smaller index, only includes active users
RLS Policy (Optimized):
CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- Wrap in SELECT!
UPSERT:
INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;
Cursor Pagination:
SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1) vs OFFSET which is O(n)
Queue Processing:
UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;
-- Find unindexed foreign keys
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
);
-- Find slow queries
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;
-- Check table bloat
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;
-- Connection limits (adjust for RAM)
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100;
ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB';
-- Timeouts
ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s';
ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s';
-- Monitoring
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;
-- Security defaults
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;
SELECT pg_reload_conf();
database-reviewer - Full database review workflowclickhouse-io - ClickHouse analytics patternsbackend-patterns - API and backend patternsBased on Supabase Agent Skills (credit: Supabase team) (MIT License)