| name | security-review |
| description | 在添加认证、处理用户输入、处理密钥、创建 API 端点或实现支付/敏感功能时使用此 skill。提供全面的安全检查清单和模式。 |
此 skill 确保所有代码遵循安全最佳实践并识别潜在漏洞。
const apiKey = "sk-proj-xxxxx" // 硬编码的密钥
const dbPassword = "password123" // 在源代码中
const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
const dbUrl = process.env.DATABASE_URL
// 验证密钥存在
if (!apiKey) {
throw new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
}
.env.local 在 .gitignore 中import { z } from 'zod'
// 定义验证 schema
const CreateUserSchema = z.object({
email: z.string().email(),
name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
age: z.number().int().min(0).max(150)
})
// 处理前验证
export async function createUser(input: unknown) {
try {
const validated = CreateUserSchema.parse(input)
return await db.users.create(validated)
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
return { success: false, errors: error.errors }
}
throw error
}
}
function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
// 大小检查（最大 5MB）
const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
if (file.size > maxSize) {
throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
}
// 类型检查
const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
throw new Error('Invalid file type')
}
// 扩展名检查
const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
}
return true
}
// 危险 - SQL 注入漏洞
const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
await db.query(query)
// 安全 - 参数化查询
const { data } = await supabase
.from('users')
.select('*')
.eq('email', userEmail)
// 或使用原始 SQL
await db.query(
'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
[userEmail]
)
// ❌ 错误：localStorage（易受 XSS 攻击）
localStorage.setItem('token', token)
// ✅ 正确：httpOnly cookies
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
`token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)
export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
// 始终先验证授权
const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
where: { id: requesterId }
})
if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'Unauthorized' },
{ status: 403 }
)
}
// 继续执行删除
await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
}
-- 在所有表上启用 RLS
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
-- 用户只能查看自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
ON users FOR SELECT
USING (auth.uid() = id);
-- 用户只能更新自己的数据
CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
ON users FOR UPDATE
USING (auth.uid() = id);
import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'
// 始终清理用户提供的 HTML
function renderUserContent(html: string) {
const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
ALLOWED_ATTR: []
})
return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
}
// next.config.js
const securityHeaders = [
{
key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
value: `
default-src 'self';
script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
img-src 'self' data: https:;
font-src 'self';
connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
`.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
}
]
import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'
export async function POST(request: Request) {
const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')
if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
{ status: 403 }
)
}
// 处理请求
}
res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
`session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)
import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'
const limiter = rateLimit({
windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 分钟
max: 100, // 每窗口 100 次请求
message: 'Too many requests'
})
// 应用到路由
app.use('/api/', limiter)
// 对搜索使用更严格的速率限制
const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 分钟
max: 10, // 每分钟 10 次请求
message: 'Too many search requests'
})
app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)
// ❌ 错误：记录敏感数据
console.log('User login:', { email, password })
console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })
// ✅ 正确：脱敏敏感数据
console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })
// ❌ 错误：暴露内部细节
catch (error) {
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
{ status: 500 }
)
}
// ✅ 正确：通用错误消息
catch (error) {
console.error('Internal error:', error)
return NextResponse.json(
{ error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
{ status: 500 }
)
}
import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'
async function verifyWalletOwnership(
publicKey: string,
signature: string,
message: string
) {
try {
const isValid = verify(
Buffer.from(message),
Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
)
return isValid
} catch (error) {
return false
}
}
async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
// 验证接收方
if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
}
// 验证金额
if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
}
// 验证用户余额充足
const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
if (balance < transaction.amount) {
throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
}
return true
}
# 检查漏洞
npm audit
# 自动修复可修复的问题
npm audit fix
# 更新依赖
npm update
# 检查过时的包
npm outdated
# 始终提交锁定文件
git add package-lock.json
# 在 CI/CD 中使用以获得可重现的构建
npm ci # 而不是 npm install
// 测试认证
test('requires authentication', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
expect(response.status).toBe(401)
})
// 测试授权
test('requires admin role', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
})
expect(response.status).toBe(403)
})
// 测试输入验证
test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
method: 'POST',
body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
})
expect(response.status).toBe(400)
})
// 测试速率限制
test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
fetch('/api/endpoint')
)
const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)
expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
})
任何生产部署前：
切记：安全不是可选的。一个漏洞就可能危及整个平台。当有疑问时，宁可谨慎。