bpa-cost-center-profitability

name	bpa-cost-center-profitability
description	WHEN: "cost center profitability", "department P&L", "cost center margin", "profitability by department", "cost allocation analysis", "direct vs indirect costs", "overhead allocation", "cost center variance", "department over budget", "cost center performance", "G&A cost breakdown", "department cost ranking", "management accounting", "profit center analysis", "cost center report", "which department is most profitable", "allocated costs by cost center"
license	MIT
metadata	{"version":"1.0.0","author":"Aurelien Clere","tags":["bpa","finance","cost-center","profitability","management-accounting","r2r"]}

bpa-cost-center-profitability

Generates a full cost center and department profitability report from BPA data. Designed for Management Accountants and Finance Controllers who need to understand where value is created and destroyed across the organization — beyond aggregate totals.

When to use this skill

Use when asked for:

• Cost center or department P&L (revenue, direct costs, allocated overhead, contribution margin)
• Ranking of most/least profitable cost centers or departments
• Direct vs indirect cost split per cost center
• Budget vs actual comparison at cost center level
• Over-budget or under-recovered departments
• Overhead allocation rates and recovery analysis

Workflow

Step 1 — Retrieve schema

Call get_bpa_dataset_schema to identify:

• FactGeneralLedger — GL entries by account, cost center, and period
• FactBudget — budget amounts by cost center and account
• DimCostCenter / DimDepartment — cost center and department hierarchy
• DimAccount — account type (Revenue, COGS, Direct Expense, Indirect/Overhead)
• DimFiscalCalendar — fiscal period and year dimensions

Step 2 — Cost center P&L: revenue and direct costs

Call execute_dax_query:

EVALUATE
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS(
    DimCostCenter[CostCenterCode],
    DimCostCenter[CostCenterName],
    DimDepartment[DepartmentName],
    DimFiscalCalendar[FiscalYear],
    DimFiscalCalendar[FiscalPeriodName],
    "Revenue",        CALCULATE([Total Amount], DimAccount[AccountType] = "Revenue"),
    "DirectCosts",    CALCULATE([Total Amount], DimAccount[AccountType] = "Expense",
                                DimAccount[CostNature] = "Direct"),
    "ContribMargin",  [Revenue] - [DirectCosts],
    "ContribMarginPct", DIVIDE([Revenue] - [DirectCosts], [Revenue], 0)
)
ORDER BY [ContribMargin] DESC

Step 3 — Overhead allocation and net margin

Call execute_dax_query to retrieve allocated indirect costs per cost center, then compute net contribution margin = Revenue − Direct Costs − Allocated Overhead.

EVALUATE
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS(
    DimCostCenter[CostCenterCode],
    DimCostCenter[CostCenterName],
    "AllocatedOverhead", CALCULATE([Total Amount], DimAccount[CostNature] = "Indirect"),
    "NetMargin",         [ContribMargin] - [AllocatedOverhead],
    "NetMarginPct",      DIVIDE([NetMargin], [Revenue], 0)
)
ORDER BY [NetMargin] ASC

Step 4 — Budget vs actual at cost center level

Call execute_dax_query comparing FactGeneralLedger actuals to FactBudget:

EVALUATE
SUMMARIZECOLUMNS(
    DimCostCenter[CostCenterName],
    DimFiscalCalendar[FiscalPeriodName],
    "Actual",   [Total Amount],
    "Budget",   [Budget Amount],
    "Variance", [Total Amount] - [Budget Amount],
    "VariancePct", DIVIDE([Total Amount] - [Budget Amount], [Budget Amount], 0)
)
ORDER BY [VariancePct] DESC

Step 5 — Format and interpret the output

Produce a structured report:

1. Profitability ranking table — all cost centers sorted by net margin (best to worst)
2. Over-budget alert list — cost centers where actual > budget by more than 5%
3. Overhead recovery rate — allocated overhead vs total overhead pool per center
4. Actionable flags: identify underperforming or structurally loss-making centers and recommend corrective action (cost reduction, reallocation review, or revenue lever)

Output format

• Summary table: Cost Center | Revenue | Direct Costs | Contrib Margin % | Net Margin % | Budget Var %
• Ranked list: Top 5 most profitable and bottom 5 most costly cost centers
• Alert section: Over-budget cost centers with variance > threshold
• Narrative paragraph for management commentary

Key concepts

• Contribution margin = Revenue − Direct Costs (before overhead allocation)
• Net margin = Revenue − Direct Costs − Allocated Overhead
• Overhead recovery rate = Allocated Overhead / Total Overhead Pool × 100
• Cost center maps to DimCostCenter; department maps to DimDepartment