The framework-agnostic core of a calm, restrained UI system — rules, not numbers — built on seventeen principles: one alignment spine, deliberate symmetric padding, hierarchy built space → color → weight → size, rare color, honest interactive states, and designed empty/loading/error states. Use when building, refining, or reviewing a page, component, form, table, dashboard, layout, or screen on a stack WITHOUT React/Next.js/shadcn (plain HTML/CSS, Vue, Svelte, emails, server-rendered templates), or when the user invokes /ui-principles by name or asks for framework-agnostic UI principles. For React, Next.js, TypeScript, or shadcn/ui projects, use calm-ui — the stack-specific binding of these same principles with concrete numbers. Do not use for bold, playful, maximalist, or marketing-splash designs.
The framework-agnostic core of a calm, restrained UI system — rules, not numbers — built on seventeen principles: one alignment spine, deliberate symmetric padding, hierarchy built space → color → weight → size, rare color, honest interactive states, and designed empty/loading/error states. Use when building, refining, or reviewing a page, component, form, table, dashboard, layout, or screen on a stack WITHOUT React/Next.js/shadcn (plain HTML/CSS, Vue, Svelte, emails, server-rendered templates), or when the user invokes /ui-principles by name or asks for framework-agnostic UI principles. For React, Next.js, TypeScript, or shadcn/ui projects, use calm-ui — the stack-specific binding of these same principles with concrete numbers. Do not use for bold, playful, maximalist, or marketing-splash designs.
UI Principles
A restrained product UI system. The aesthetic is calm confidence — good UI lasts and stays out of the way. If a piece feels like it's trying to impress, it has failed. Full source text and the "why" behind each rule: PRINCIPLES.md. Worked before/after patterns: EXAMPLES.md.
This skill enforces rules, not numbers. It does not ship a type scale, palette, spacing scale, or radius. Each project defines its own values — the skill makes sure those values are used with discipline. Where a project already has tokens (CSS variables, a Tailwind theme, a design system), bind to those; never hardcode a one-off.
Relationship to calm-ui
This skill is the framework-agnostic core; calm-ui is its React/Next.js/shadcn binding — the same aesthetic with the numbers filled in (type-scale ceilings, radius values, component recipes). On those stacks, use calm-ui; everywhere else, use this skill. The two state the same positions: hierarchy escalates space → color → weight → size with body plus one deliberate statement size, and hover transitions touch color/background only.
When a project runs the design-loop skill, these seventeen principles can seed /design.md — the loop turns them into per-project rules with the project's own numbers.
Order of attention
Fix in this sequence — earlier wins beat later polish. Alignment → padding → hierarchy → color → motion. Most "off" layouts are a spine break or padding asymmetry, not a missing color.
The rules
Layout
One column width. Every section shares the same max-width container and the same vertical axis; edges line up top to bottom.
Symmetric padding: top equals bottom, left equals right. Treat each spacing value as a decision.
Content fills its parent. To narrow something, narrow its container — never cap an individual element with its own width.
Rhythm from repetition: pick one section gap, one heading gap, one radius, one hover behavior, and reuse them everywhere. Same calm at 320px as at a wide viewport — reflow content, hold the discipline.
Typography & hierarchy
Two sizes, and use both. A statement (display) size and a body size — the statement a genuine step up, not weight standing in for size. Body does most of the work; the statement size carries the page's primary heading and the one or two other moments that earn it. Collapsing everything to one size is under-differentiation — as much a failure as shouting. A page where nothing is larger reads as undifferentiated, not calm.
Build hierarchy in order: space → color → weight → size. Reach for the cheapest contrast first and stop as soon as the level reads; escalate only when it doesn't. Size is the strongest and rarest lever — never the first thing you reach for, never absent where a statement earns it.
One emphasis at a time. A statement earns the larger size plus slightly tight tracking; a label earns weight or color, not both loud. If a thing needs three cues at once (big + bold + colored) to read, the structure beneath it is wrong — fix the structure, not the type.
Weight is two steps — normal and medium, medium the ceiling. Weight separates peers (label vs value, active vs rest); it does not stand in for the statement size.
Color is three tiers — foreground, muted, subtle. Demote by color before you shrink. Metadata, timestamps, and helper text live muted or subtle at body size, not at a smaller size.
Mixed case; slightly negative tracking on statements, normal on body. Never all-caps with positive letter-spacing. Balance statement wraps, let body wrap pretty, give body a comfortable measure and leading; numerals tabular.
Spacing is hierarchy made spatial — more room above higher-level headings, the same room below each. Level and rhythm are one decision.
Color
A small neutral set does almost all the work. Spend color rarely and semantically. When everything is colored, nothing reads as colored. Bind to the project's semantic tokens; don't hardcode one-off colors.
Shape & motion
One corner radius across the whole surface.
Transitions affect color/background only. Never opacity, transform, scale, or shadow on hover.
Honesty & structure
Interactive elements look interactive; static text never teases clickability. A link that doesn't link is a lie — wire it up or omit it.
A card is a device for discrete, repeatable, often-clickable content. Default blocks live in the column with no wrapper.
Every block earns its place. Design the footer, the empty state, the form — or leave it off. No default chrome, no placeholder marks.
Reading order is sequenced, not competing. Decide where the eye starts and where it goes.
States & performance
Design empty, loading, error, success, and overflow states. Every action has a designed "after."
No layout shift. Reserve space for fonts and images. Slow is broken; a page that jumps is not finished.
Find the project's existing tokens (CSS variables / theme). Use them. If none exist, pick the minimal set this surface needs and apply it consistently — don't invent a scale per element.
Establish the spine and spacing rhythm first; get every section onto one axis with symmetric padding.
Set the two type sizes, then build hierarchy in order — space → color → weight → size. Lean on neutrals; add color only where earned.
Wire honest interactive states and the full set of empty/loading/error/success states.
Run the checklist below. Screenshot at 320px and a wide viewport to confirm "same calm."
Review checklist
One column width; section edges align top to bottom (spine).
Padding symmetric (top=bottom, left=right) on every block.
Content fills its parent; no per-element width caps.
Spacing repeats — one section gap, one heading gap, one radius, one hover behavior.
Holds its rhythm at 320px and at a wide viewport.
Two sizes, both used — body carries the page, the statement size appears where earned (not collapsed to one size, not scattered).
Hierarchy built space → color → weight → size; size is the last lever, not the first or the absent one.
No element stacks three emphasis cues (big + bold + colored); weight within two steps, medium the ceiling.
Color demotes before size does — metadata/helper text muted or subtle at body size.
Mixed case, slightly tight tracking on statements; numerals tabular; body has a comfortable measure.
Color is rare, earned, and bound to tokens; neutrals carry the page.
Every block is deliberate — no afterthought footer, placeholder mark, or default form chrome.
Reading order is sequenced, not competing.
Interactive looks interactive; every link actually links.
Cards used only for discrete/repeatable/clickable content.
Hover is a color/background shift only — no opacity/transform/shadow/scale.
Empty, loading, error, success, and overflow states all designed.
No layout shift; fonts/images reserve their space.
