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Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system.
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基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | T1083_file-and-directory-discovery |
| description | Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. |
| category | information-gathering |
| version | 18.1 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["mitre-attack","enterprise","t1083","discovery","esxi","linux","macos","network-devices","windows"] |
| technique_id | T1083 |
| tactic | discovery |
| all_tactics | ["discovery"] |
| platforms | ["ESXi","Linux","macOS","Network Devices","Windows"] |
| mitre_url | https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083 |
| tech_stack | ["esxi","linux","macos","network devices","windows"] |
| cwe_ids | ["CWE-200"] |
| chains_with | [] |
| prerequisites | [] |
| severity_boost | {} |
Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from File and Directory Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Many command shell utilities can be used to obtain this information. Examples include dir, tree, ls, find, and locate. Custom tools may also be used to gather file and directory information and interact with the Native API. Adversaries may also leverage a Network Device CLI on network devices to gather file and directory information (e.g. dir, show flash, and/or nvram).
Some files and directories may require elevated or specific user permissions to access.
Platforms: ESXi, Linux, macOS, Network Devices, Windows
The following tests are from Atomic Red Team and provide actionable ways to test this technique:
Find or discover files on the file system. Upon successful execution, this test will output the results of all the data discovery commands to a specified file.
Supported Platforms: windows
dir /s c:\ >> #{output_file}
dir /s "c:\Documents and Settings" >> #{output_file}
dir /s "c:\Program Files\" >> #{output_file}
dir "%systemdrive%\Users\*.*" >> #{output_file}
dir "%userprofile%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent\*.*" >> #{output_file}
dir "%userprofile%\Desktop\*.*" >> #{output_file}
tree /F >> #{output_file}
Find or discover files on the file system. Upon execution, file and folder information will be displayed.
Supported Platforms: windows
ls -recurse
get-childitem -recurse
gci -recurse
Find or discover files on the file system
References:
Supported Platforms: linux, macos
ls -a >> #{output_file}
if [ -d /Library/Preferences/ ]; then ls -la /Library/Preferences/ > #{output_file}; fi;
file */* *>> #{output_file}
cat #{output_file} 2>/dev/null
find . -type f
ls -R | grep ":$" | sed -e 's/:$//' -e 's/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g' -e 's/^/ /' -e 's/-/|/'
locate *
which sh
Find or discover files on the file system
Supported Platforms: linux, macos
cd $HOME && find . -print | sed -e 's;[^/]*/;|__;g;s;__|; |;g' > #{output_file}
if [ -f /etc/mtab ]; then cat /etc/mtab >> #{output_file}; fi;
find . -type f -iname *.pdf >> #{output_file}
cat #{output_file}
find . -type f -name ".*"
This test emulates MAZE ransomware's ability to enumerate directories using Powershell. Upon successful execution, this test will output the directory enumeration results to a specified file, as well as display them in the active window. See https://www.mandiant.com/resources/tactics-techniques-procedures-associated-with-maze-ransomware-incidents
Supported Platforms: windows
$folderarray = @("Desktop", "Downloads", "Documents", "AppData/Local", "AppData/Roaming")
Get-ChildItem -Path $env:homedrive -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
Get-ChildItem -Path $env:programfiles -erroraction silentlycontinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
Get-ChildItem -Path "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}" -erroraction silentlycontinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}
$UsersFolder = "$env:homedrive\Users\"
foreach ($directory in Get-ChildItem -Path $UsersFolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
{
foreach ($secondarydirectory in $folderarray)
{Get-ChildItem -Path "$UsersFolder/$directory/$secondarydirectory" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-File -append #{File_to_output}}
}
cat #{File_to_output}
If Atomic Red Team tests are not applicable, manually verify the technique by:
Identify Attack Surface: Determine if the target environment is susceptible to File and Directory Discovery by examining the target platforms (ESXi, Linux, macOS).
Assess Existing Defenses: Review whether mitigations for T1083 are in place. If defenses are absent or misconfigured, this technique may be exploitable.
Execute Test: Use tools and methods described in the MITRE ATT&CK page and external references below.
No specific mitigations documented for this technique.
| Finding | Severity | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| File and Directory Discovery technique applicable | Medium | Discovery |
| CWE ID | Title |
|---|---|
| CWE-200 | Exposure of Sensitive Information |