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基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | wstg-conf-04 |
| description | Review Old Backup and Unreferenced Files for Sensitive Information |
| category | configuration |
| owasp_id | WSTG-CONF-04 |
| version | 1.0.0 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["misconfiguration","hardening","server","wstg","conf"] |
| tech_stack | [] |
| cwe_ids | ["CWE-16"] |
| chains_with | [] |
| prerequisites | [] |
| severity_boost | {} |
WSTG-CONF-04
Review Old Backup and Unreferenced Files for Sensitive Information
Old backup files, unreferenced pages, and forgotten content can expose sensitive information including source code, credentials, and outdated vulnerable functionality. These files often contain debugging information, database credentials, or reveal application logic that aids attackers. This test focuses on discovering such files through inference, brute-forcing, and examining publicly available information.
| Pattern | Description |
|---|---|
| file~ | Emacs backup |
| file.bak | Generic backup |
| file.old | Old version |
| file.orig | Original version |
| file.save | Saved version |
| file.swp | Vim swap file |
| file.tmp | Temporary file |
| Copy of file | Manual copy |
| file (1).ext | Duplicate |
| file_backup | Backup naming |
| file_YYYYMMDD | Date-based backup |
files=(
)
file ;
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w )
#!/bin/bash
TARGET=$1
FILE=$2 # e.g., config.php
# Backup extensions
extensions=(
".bak" ".backup" ".old" ".orig" ".save" ".swp" ".tmp"
".copy" ".1" ".2" "~" "_backup" "_old" "_bak"
".txt" ".src" ".inc" ".dev" ".test"
"-backup" "-old" "-copy" ".BACKUP" ".BAK"
)
for ext in "${extensions[@]}"; do
test_file="${FILE}${ext}"
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://$TARGET/$test_file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
echo "[FOUND] $test_file"
fi
done
# Also test prefix patterns
prefixes=("backup_" "old_" "copy_" "bak_" "." "_")
for prefix in "${prefixes[@]}"; do
test_file="${prefix}${FILE}"
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://$TARGET/$test_file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
echo "[FOUND] $test_file"
fi
done
# Common archive files
archives=(
"backup.zip" "backup.tar.gz" "backup.tar" "backup.rar"
"site.zip" "www.zip" "html.zip" "web.zip"
"database.sql" "db.sql" "dump.sql" "backup.sql"
"files.zip" "archive.zip" "old.zip"
)
for file in "${archives[@]}"; do
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://target.com/$file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
echo "[CRITICAL] Archive found: $file"
fi
done
# Date-based backups
for year in 2023 2024 2025; do
for month in 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12; do
file="backup_${year}${month}.zip"
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://target.com/$file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
echo "[FOUND] $file"
fi
done
done
# Look in HTML source for hidden links
curl -s https://target.com | grep -oP 'href="[^"]*"' | sort -u
# Look for commented code
curl -s https://target.com | grep -oP '<!--.*?-->'
# Look in JavaScript
curl -s https://target.com | grep -oP 'src="[^"]*\.js[^"]*"' | while read js; do
curl -s "https://target.com$js" | grep -iE 'admin|backup|test|dev|hidden'
done
# Check robots.txt for hidden paths
curl -s https://target.com/robots.txt
# Test disallowed paths
curl -s https://target.com/robots.txt | grep "Disallow" | awk '{print $2}' | while read path; do
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://target.com$path")
echo "$path: $status"
done
# Google dorks for backups
site:target.com filetype:bak
site:target.com filetype:sql
site:target.com filetype:zip
site:target.com filetype:tar
site:target.com filetype:old
site:target.com "index of" backup
site:target.com inurl:backup
site:target.com intitle:"index of" "backup"
# Gobuster
gobuster dir -u https://target.com \
-w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt \
-x bak,old,backup,zip,tar,gz,sql,tmp \
-o backup_scan.txt
# ffuf
ffuf -u https://target.com/FUZZ \
-w /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/backup-filenames.txt \
-mc 200
# Common snapshot paths
snapshots=(
"/.snapshot/"
"/.snap/"
"/~snapshot/"
"/backup/"
"/backups/"
"/old/"
"/archive/"
"/archived/"
)
for path in "${snapshots[@]}"; do
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://target.com$path")
if [ "$status" != "404" ]; then
echo "Potential snapshot: $path - Status: $status"
fi
done
| Tool | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Gobuster | Directory brute-force | gobuster dir -u url -w wordlist -x bak,old |
| ffuf | Fast fuzzer | ffuf -u url/FUZZ -w wordlist |
| Dirb | Directory scanner | dirb https://target.com |
| Dirsearch | Web path scanner | dirsearch -u target.com |
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| wget | Recursive download |
| HTTrack | Website copier |
| Burp Spider | Web crawler |
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Nikto | Web server scanner |
| Nessus | Vulnerability scanner |
| Nuclei | Template-based scanner |
#!/bin/bash
TARGET=$1
echo "=== BACKUP FILE SCANNER ==="
echo "Target: $TARGET"
# Wordlist of common backup files
backup_files=(
"backup.zip" "backup.tar.gz" "backup.sql" "database.sql"
"site.zip" "www.zip" "html.zip" "web.zip"
"db_backup.sql" "dump.sql" "data.sql"
"config.php.bak" "wp-config.php.bak" ".htaccess.bak"
"web.config.bak" "config.yml.bak"
)
# Test each file
for file in "${backup_files[@]}"; do
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://$TARGET/$file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
size=$(curl -sI "https://$TARGET/$file" | grep -i content-length | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d '\r')
echo "[CRITICAL] Found: $file (Size: $size bytes)"
fi
done
# Test common directories with date patterns
echo ""
echo "[+] Testing date-based backups..."
current_year=$(date +%Y)
for year in $((current_year-1)) $current_year; do
for month in {01..12}; do
for ext in zip tar.gz sql; do
file="backup-${year}-${month}.$ext"
status=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "https://$TARGET/$file")
if [ "$status" == "200" ]; then
echo "[FOUND] $file"
fi
done
done
done
echo "[+] Scan complete"
# Run backup-related templates
nuclei -u https://target.com -t http/exposures/backups/
nuclei -u https://target.com -t http/exposures/files/
# Find and remove backup files
find /var/www/html -name "*.bak" -delete
find /var/www/html -name "*.backup" -delete
find /var/www/html -name "*.old" -delete
find /var/www/html -name "*~" -delete
find /var/www/html -name "*.swp" -delete
find /var/www/html -name "*.tmp" -delete
# Find archives
find /var/www/html -name "*.zip" -o -name "*.tar*" -o -name "*.sql"
# Apache
<FilesMatch "\.(bak|backup|old|orig|save|swp|tmp|sql|tar|gz|zip|rar)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
# Nginx
location ~* \.(bak|backup|old|orig|save|swp|tmp|sql|tar|gz|zip|rar)$ {
deny all;
return 404;
}
| Finding | CVSS | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Source code backup exposed | 7.5 | High |
| Database dump accessible | 9.8 | Critical |
| Config file with credentials | 9.8 | Critical |
| Old vulnerable page | Variable | Variable |
Typical Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
| CWE ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CWE-530 | Exposure of Backup File | Backup accessible to attackers |
| CWE-538 | Sensitive Information in Files | Sensitive data in public files |
| CWE-200 | Information Exposure | Information disclosure |
[ ] Backup extension scanning completed
[ ] Archive files checked (.zip, .tar, .sql)
[ ] Date-based backup patterns tested
[ ] Robots.txt paths tested
[ ] Search engine dorking performed
[ ] Source code reviewed for hidden links
[ ] Snapshot directories checked
[ ] Directory brute-forcing completed
[ ] Unreferenced pages identified
[ ] Sensitive files documented
[ ] Risk assessment completed