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基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | wstg-idnt-03 |
| description | Test Account Provisioning Process |
| category | identity-management |
| owasp_id | WSTG-IDNT-03 |
| version | 1.0.0 |
| author | cyberstrike-official |
| tags | ["identity","user-enum","roles","wstg","idnt"] |
| tech_stack | [] |
| cwe_ids | [] |
| chains_with | [] |
| prerequisites | [] |
| severity_boost | {} |
WSTG-IDNT-03
Test Account Provisioning Process
Account provisioning is the process by which user accounts are created, modified, and managed by administrators or automated systems. This test evaluates the security of the provisioning workflow, including how accounts are created, what privileges are assigned, and whether proper authorization is required. Weaknesses in provisioning can lead to unauthorized account creation, privilege escalation, and insider threats.
| Stage | Security Consideration |
|---|---|
| Creation | Who can create accounts? Authorization required? |
| Modification | Who can change roles/permissions? |
| Suspension | Process for disabling accounts |
| Deletion | Complete removal of access and data |
| Review | Regular access reviews conducted? |
# Admin user creation endpoints
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN" \
"https://target.com/api/admin/users" -X GET
# Check for provisioning API
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN" \
"https://target.com/api/admin/provision" -X GET
# Look for bulk user creation
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer " \
-X GET
curl -s -H \
-X GET
# Try creating user with non-admin token
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"username": "unauthorized_user",
"email": "unauthorized@test.com",
"password": "TestPass123!",
"role": "user"
}'
# Try without any authentication
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"username": "noauth_user",
"email": "noauth@test.com",
"password": "TestPass123!"
}'
# If authorized to create users, try creating admin
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $MANAGER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"username": "newadmin",
"email": "newadmin@test.com",
"password": "TestPass123!",
"role": "admin"
}'
# Try assigning permissions higher than own level
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $MANAGER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"username": "superuser",
"email": "super@test.com",
"password": "TestPass123!",
"permissions": ["all", "superadmin"]
}'
# Check if users can invite others
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/users/invite" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"email": "invited@test.com",
"role": "admin"
}'
# Check for API key self-provisioning
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/users/apikeys" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "my-api-key",
"permissions": ["admin", "write", "delete"]
}'
# Bulk user creation
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users/bulk" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"users": [
{"username": "bulk1", "email": "bulk1@test.com", "role": "admin"},
{"username": "bulk2", "email": "bulk2@test.com", "role": "admin"},
{"username": "bulk3", "email": "bulk3@test.com", "role": "admin"}
]
}'
# CSV upload endpoint
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/users/import" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN" \
-F "file=@users.csv"
# Create service account
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/service-accounts" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"name": "automation-service",
"type": "service",
"permissions": ["api:full"]
}'
# Check service account token generation
curl -s -X POST "https://target.com/api/admin/service-accounts/1/token" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_TOKEN"
# Elevate own privileges
curl -s -X PUT "https://target.com/api/users/me" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $USER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"role": "admin"
}'
# Modify another user's role
curl -s -X PUT "https://target.com/api/admin/users/5" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $MANAGER_TOKEN" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"role": "admin"
}'
| Tool | Description | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Burp Suite | Request interception | Analyze provisioning flow |
| Postman | API testing | Test provisioning endpoints |
| curl | Command-line HTTP | Scripted tests |
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Burp Autorize | Authorization testing |
| OWASP ZAP | Automated scanning |
| Custom scripts | Python/Bash automation |
// Privilege escalation in user creation
{
"username": "escalated",
"role": "superadmin",
"admin": true,
"permissions": ["*"]
}
// Group-based privilege escalation
{
"username": "grouptest",
"groups": ["administrators", "superusers"]
}
// Attribute manipulation
{
"username": "attrtest",
"attributes": {
"isAdmin": true,
"accessLevel": 999
}
}
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import requests
import json
class ProvisioningTester:
def __init__(self, base_url, tokens):
self.base_url = base_url
self.tokens = tokens # Dict of role: token
def test_user_creation(self, creator_role, target_role):
"""Test if creator_role can create target_role"""
token = self.tokens.get(creator_role)
response = requests.post(
f"{self.base_url}/api/admin/users",
headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"},
json={
"username": f"test_{creator_role}_creates_{target_role}",
"email": f"{creator_role}_{target_role}@test.com",
"password": "TestPass123!",
"role": target_role
}
)
return {
"creator": creator_role,
"target": target_role,
"status": response.status_code,
"success": response.status_code in [200, 201]
}
def run_matrix_test(self):
"""Test all role combinations"""
roles = list(self.tokens.keys())
results = []
for creator in roles:
for target in roles:
result = self.test_user_creation(creator, target)
results.append(result)
if result["success"] and self.is_escalation(creator, target):
print(f"[!] PRIVILEGE ESCALATION: {creator} created {target}")
return results
def is_escalation(self, creator, target):
"""Check if creating target role is escalation for creator"""
hierarchy = {"user": 1, "moderator": 2, "admin": 3, "superadmin": 4}
return hierarchy.get(target, 0) >= hierarchy.get(creator, 0)
# Usage
tester = ProvisioningTester(
"https://target.com",
{
"user": "user_token",
"moderator": "mod_token",
"admin": "admin_token"
}
)
results = tester.run_matrix_test()
# Python/Flask example
def can_create_user_with_role(creator, target_role):
"""Check if creator can provision users with target_role"""
role_hierarchy = {
'user': 1,
'moderator': 2,
'manager': 3,
'admin': 4,
'superadmin': 5
}
creator_level = role_hierarchy.get(creator.role, 0)
target_level = role_hierarchy.get(target_role, 999)
# Can only create users with lower privilege level
return creator_level > target_level
@app.route('/api/admin/users', methods=['POST'])
@admin_required
def create_user():
data = request.get_json()
target_role = data.get('role', 'user')
if not can_create_user_with_role(current_user, target_role):
return jsonify({
'error': 'Cannot create user with equal or higher privileges'
}), 403
# Proceed with user creation
user = create_new_user(data)
# Audit log
log_provisioning_action(
action='create_user',
actor=current_user.id,
target=user.id,
details=data
)
return jsonify({'user': user.to_dict()}), 201
# Two-person approval for elevated roles
@app.route('/api/admin/users', methods=['POST'])
@admin_required
def create_user():
data = request.get_json()
target_role = data.get('role', 'user')
if target_role in ['admin', 'superadmin']:
# Requires approval
request = create_provisioning_request(
requester=current_user.id,
data=data,
status='pending_approval'
)
notify_approvers(request)
return jsonify({
'message': 'Request submitted for approval',
'request_id': request.id
}), 202
# Direct creation for lower roles
return create_user_directly(data)
from datetime import datetime
def log_provisioning_action(action, actor, target, details, result):
"""Log all provisioning actions for audit"""
audit_entry = {
'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
'action': action, # create, modify, delete, suspend
'actor_id': actor.id,
'actor_role': actor.role,
'actor_ip': request.remote_addr,
'target_id': target,
'details': details,
'result': result # success, denied, error
}
audit_log.insert(audit_entry)
# Alert on sensitive actions
if action in ['create_admin', 'elevate_privileges']:
send_security_alert(audit_entry)
# Prevent self-elevation
@app.route('/api/admin/users/<user_id>', methods=['PUT'])
@admin_required
def modify_user(user_id):
if str(current_user.id) == str(user_id):
return jsonify({
'error': 'Cannot modify your own account'
}), 403
# Proceed with modification
| Finding | CVSS | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Unauthorized account creation | 9.8 | Critical |
| Privilege escalation via provisioning | 8.8 | High |
| Missing approval workflows | 6.5 | Medium |
| Insufficient audit logging | 5.3 | Medium |
| Self-privilege elevation | 8.8 | High |
| CWE ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CWE-269 | Improper Privilege Management | Privilege escalation |
| CWE-862 | Missing Authorization | No auth for provisioning |
| CWE-863 | Incorrect Authorization | Wrong privilege checks |
| CWE-778 | Insufficient Logging | Missing audit trail |
[ ] Provisioning endpoints identified
[ ] Authorization requirements tested
[ ] Privilege escalation tested
[ ] Self-provisioning vulnerabilities checked
[ ] Bulk provisioning tested
[ ] Service account creation tested
[ ] Account modification tested
[ ] Audit logging verified
[ ] Approval workflows evaluated
[ ] Separation of duties verified
[ ] Account lifecycle reviewed
[ ] Findings documented
[ ] Remediation recommendations provided