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npx skills add https://github.com/diegosouzapw/awesome-omni-skill --skill beautifulsoup4命令会保持在同一行。复制前请横向滚动并检查完整内容。
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基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | beautifulsoup4 |
| description | Parse, search, and modify HTML/XML documents by building a navigable tree of tags and text. |
| version | 4.14.3 |
| ecosystem | python |
| license | MIT License |
| generated_with | gpt-5.2 |
import bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag, Comment
from bs4.exceptions import FeatureNotFound, ParserRejectedMarkup
from bs4.dammit import UnicodeDammit
from __future__ import annotations
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = "<html><body><p class='body strikeout'>Hello</p></body></html>"
# Always choose the parser explicitly for consistent behavior across environments.
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
p = soup.find("p")
assert p is not None
print(p.name) # "p"
print(p.get_text()) # "Hello"
BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser"), "lxml", "html5lib", or "xml"/"lxml-xml" depending on your needs; different parsers can produce different trees for invalid documents.from __future__ import annotations
from pathlib import Path
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
path = Path("example.html")
path.write_text("<html><body><a href='/x'>Link</a></body></html>", encoding="utf-8")
with path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
soup = BeautifulSoup(fp, "html.parser")
a = soup.find("a")
assert a is not None
print(a.get("href")) # "/x"
BeautifulSoup to let the builder stream/handle encodings appropriately.from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Optional
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag
html_doc = """
<div id="root">
<h1>Title</h1>
<p>First</p>
<p>Second <span>inner</span></p>
</div>
"""
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
root: Optional[Tag] = soup.find(id="root")
assert root is not None
h1: Optional[Tag] = root.find("h1")
assert h1 is not None
# Navigate
second_p: Optional[Tag] = h1.find_next("p")
assert second_p is not None
print(second_p.get_text(strip=True)) # "First"
all_ps = root.find_all("p")
print([p.get_text(" ", strip=True) for p in all_ps]) # ["First", "Second inner"]
find, find_all, and the find_next* / find_previous* / sibling / parent variants for tree navigation.class) ✅ Currentfrom __future__ import annotations
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p id='x' class='body strikeout'></p>", "html.parser")
p = soup.find("p")
assert isinstance(p, Tag)
# Dict-like access
print(p["id"]) # "x"
print(p.get("id")) # "x"
# Multi-valued HTML attributes like class are lists by default.
print(p["class"]) # ["body", "strikeout"]
# If you always want a list (even for non-multivalued attrs), use get_attribute_list.
print(p.get_attribute_list("id")) # ["x"]
print(p.get_attribute_list("class")) # ["body", "strikeout"]
# Mutation
p["data-role"] = "demo"
del p["id"]
print(p.attrs) # {'class': ['body', 'strikeout'], 'data-role': 'demo'}
class, rel, etc. are typically stored as list[str]. Use Tag.get_attribute_list(name) to normalize to a list.from __future__ import annotations
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Comment
from bs4.element import NavigableString
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p>Hello<!--secret--></p>", "html.parser")
p = soup.find("p")
assert p is not None
# Comments are special text nodes.
comment = p.find(string=lambda s: isinstance(s, Comment))
assert isinstance(comment, Comment)
print(comment) # "secret"
# NavigableString is immutable; replace the node instead of editing in place.
text = p.find(string=lambda s: isinstance(s, NavigableString) and not isinstance(s, Comment))
assert isinstance(text, NavigableString)
text.replace_with("Hi")
print(p.get_text()) # "Hi"
NavigableString as immutable; use replace_with(...) to change text.features):
"html.parser": built-in, decent baseline."lxml": fast (requires lxml)."html5lib": most lenient (slow; requires html5lib)."xml" / "lxml-xml": XML parsing mode (attribute handling differs from HTML).parse_only: pass a SoupStrainer (not covered here) to parse only parts of a document for speed/memory.from_encoding / exclude_encodings: hint or restrict encoding detection when input is bytes.huge_tree=True to BeautifulSoup(...) to avoid lxml security limits truncating the parse.class/rel etc. become lists.BeautifulSoup(markup, "html.parser", multi_valued_attributes=None)multi_valued_attributes={'*': 'class'}.from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = "<p><b>badly nested</p></b>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc) # parser not specified
print(soup.find("b"))
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html_doc = "<p><b>badly nested</p></b>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
print(soup.find("b"))
class as a string in HTML modefrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p class='body strikeout'></p>", "html.parser")
# In HTML mode, soup.p["class"] is a list, so this fails.
classes = soup.p["class"].split() # type: ignore[attr-defined]
print(classes)
get_attribute_list)from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p class='body strikeout'></p>", "html.parser")
classes = soup.p["class"]
print(classes) # ["body", "strikeout"]
ids = soup.p.get_attribute_list("id")
print(ids) # []
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p class='body strikeout'></p>", "xml")
# In XML mode, "class" is a string by default; indexing returns a character.
first = soup.p["class"][0]
print(first) # "b" (not "body")
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
class_is_multi = {"*": "class"}
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p class='body strikeout'></p>", "xml", multi_valued_attributes=class_is_multi)
first = soup.p["class"][0]
print(first) # "body"
NavigableString “in place”from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4.element import NavigableString
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p>Hello</p>", "html.parser")
text = soup.p.string
assert isinstance(text, NavigableString)
# Strings are immutable; this does not update the parse tree.
text = NavigableString("Hi")
print(soup.p.get_text()) # still "Hello"
replace_withfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4.element import NavigableString
soup = BeautifulSoup("<p>Hello</p>", "html.parser")
text = soup.p.string
assert isinstance(text, NavigableString)
text.replace_with("Hi")
print(soup.p.get_text()) # "Hi"
huge_tree=True)from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# If this markup contains a single >10,000,000 byte text node, lxml may stop early.
markup_with_huge_text = "<root>" + ("x" * 11_000_000) + "</root>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(markup_with_huge_text, "lxml")
print(soup.find("root") is not None)
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
markup_with_huge_text = "<root>" + ("x" * 11_000_000) + "</root>"
soup = BeautifulSoup(markup_with_huge_text, "lxml", huge_tree=True)
print(soup.find("root") is not None)
find_* methods gained overloads to improve type safety.
Optional[Tag], Optional[NavigableString], Sequence[Tag], etc.find_all("a", string="...") may still confuse type checkers; refactor or use typing.cast.from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Optional, Sequence, cast
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag
soup = BeautifulSoup("<a>b</a>", "html.parser")
# Preferred: reflect optionality
a: Optional[Tag] = soup.find("a")
# Edge case: mixed filters may require a cast for static type checkers
tags = cast(Sequence[Tag], soup.find_all("a", string="b"))
print([t.get_text() for t in tags])
ResultSet typing churn across 4.14.x: inheritance changed in 4.14.0/4.14.1/4.14.2; avoid depending on specific ABC inheritance.
results = list(soup.find_all(...)).lxml huge text nodes (4.14.3 note): if using an lxml builder and expecting extremely large text nodes, pass huge_tree=True.
features (parser) explicitly.Tag | None); supports tag name, attrs, and other filters.list(...) if you need a stable container type."a", "p").