| name | spring-ai |
| description | Provides comprehensive guidance for Spring AI including AI model integration, prompt templates, vector stores, and AI applications. Use when the user asks about Spring AI, needs to integrate AI models, implement RAG applications, or work with AI services in Spring. |
Spring AI 开发指南
概述
Spring AI 是 Spring 官方提供的 AI 应用开发框架,简化了与各种大语言模型(LLM)的集成,包括 OpenAI、Anthropic、Azure OpenAI 等。
核心功能
1. 项目创建
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-openai-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
或使用 Gradle:
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.ai:spring-ai-openai-spring-boot-starter'
}
2. Chat Client
配置:
spring:
ai:
openai:
api-key: ${OPENAI_API_KEY}
chat:
options:
model: gpt-4
temperature: 0.7
使用 ChatClient:
@Service
public class ChatService {
private final ChatClient chatClient;
public ChatService(ChatClient chatClient) {
this.chatClient = chatClient;
}
public String chat(String message) {
return chatClient.call(message);
}
public String chatWithPrompt(String userMessage) {
Prompt prompt = new Prompt(new UserMessage(userMessage));
ChatResponse response = chatClient.call(prompt);
return response.getResult().getOutput().getContent();
}
}
流式响应:
@Service
public class ChatService {
private final StreamingChatClient streamingChatClient;
public ChatService(StreamingChatClient streamingChatClient) {
this.streamingChatClient = streamingChatClient;
}
public Flux<String> streamChat(String message) {
return streamingChatClient.stream(message)
.map(response -> response.getResult().getOutput().getContent());
}
}
3. Prompt Template
定义模板:
@Service
public class PromptService {
private final PromptTemplate promptTemplate;
public PromptService() {
this.promptTemplate = new PromptTemplate(
"请用{style}风格回答以下问题:{question}"
);
}
public String generatePrompt(String style, String question) {
Map<String, Object> variables = Map.of(
"style", style,
"question", question
);
return promptTemplate.render(variables);
}
}
使用 ChatClient:
@Service
public class ChatService {
private final ChatClient chatClient;
private final PromptTemplate promptTemplate;
public ChatService(ChatClient chatClient) {
this.chatClient = chatClient;
this.promptTemplate = new PromptTemplate(
"请用{style}风格回答以下问题:{question}"
);
}
public String chatWithStyle(String style, String question) {
Prompt prompt = promptTemplate.create(Map.of(
"style", style,
"question", question
));
ChatResponse response = chatClient.call(prompt);
return response.getResult().getOutput().getContent();
}
}
4. Embedding
配置:
spring:
ai:
openai:
embedding:
options:
model: text-embedding-ada-002
使用 EmbeddingClient:
@Service
public class EmbeddingService {
private final EmbeddingClient embeddingClient;
public EmbeddingService(EmbeddingClient embeddingClient) {
this.embeddingClient = embeddingClient;
}
public List<Double> embed(String text) {
EmbeddingResponse response = embeddingClient.embedForResponse(
List.of(text)
);
return response.getResult().getOutput();
}
public List<List<Double>> embedBatch(List<String> texts) {
EmbeddingResponse response = embeddingClient.embedForResponse(texts);
return response.getResult().getOutput();
}
}
5. Vector Store
配置:
spring:
ai:
vectorstore:
pgvector:
index-type: HNSW
distance-type: COSINE_DISTANCE
使用 VectorStore:
@Service
public class VectorStoreService {
private final VectorStore vectorStore;
private final EmbeddingClient embeddingClient;
public VectorStoreService(
VectorStore vectorStore,
EmbeddingClient embeddingClient
) {
this.vectorStore = vectorStore;
this.embeddingClient = embeddingClient;
}
public void addDocument(String id, String content) {
List<Double> embedding = embeddingClient.embed(content);
Document document = new Document(id, content, Map.of());
vectorStore.add(List.of(document));
}
public List<Document> searchSimilar(String query, int topK) {
List<Double> queryEmbedding = embeddingClient.embed(query);
return vectorStore.similaritySearch(
SearchRequest.query(query)
.withTopK(topK)
);
}
}
6. Function Calling
定义函数:
@Bean
public Function<WeatherRequest, WeatherResponse> weatherFunction() {
return request -> {
WeatherResponse response = weatherService.getWeather(
request.getLocation()
);
return response;
};
}
配置 Function Calling:
@Configuration
public class FunctionCallingConfig {
@Bean
public Function<WeatherRequest, WeatherResponse> weatherFunction() {
return request -> {
return new WeatherResponse();
};
}
}
使用 Function Calling:
@Service
public class ChatService {
private final ChatClient chatClient;
private final FunctionCallbackRegistry functionCallbackRegistry;
public ChatService(
ChatClient chatClient,
FunctionCallbackRegistry functionCallbackRegistry
) {
this.chatClient = chatClient;
this.functionCallbackRegistry = functionCallbackRegistry;
}
public String chatWithFunction(String message) {
Prompt prompt = new Prompt(
new UserMessage(message),
functionCallbackRegistry.getFunctionCallbacks()
);
ChatResponse response = chatClient.call(prompt);
return response.getResult().getOutput().getContent();
}
}
7. 多模型支持
配置多个模型:
spring:
ai:
openai:
api-key: ${OPENAI_API_KEY}
anthropic:
api-key: ${ANTHROPIC_API_KEY}
azure:
openai:
api-key: ${AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY}
endpoint: ${AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT}
使用特定模型:
@Service
public class MultiModelService {
private final ChatClient openAiChatClient;
private final ChatClient anthropicChatClient;
public MultiModelService(
@Qualifier("openAiChatClient") ChatClient openAiChatClient,
@Qualifier("anthropicChatClient") ChatClient anthropicChatClient
) {
this.openAiChatClient = openAiChatClient;
this.anthropicChatClient = anthropicChatClient;
}
public String chatWithOpenAI(String message) {
return openAiChatClient.call(message);
}
public String chatWithAnthropic(String message) {
return anthropicChatClient.call(message);
}
}
最佳实践
1. 配置管理
- 使用环境变量存储 API Key
- 区分开发和生产环境配置
- 配置合理的超时和重试策略
2. 错误处理
@Service
public class ChatService {
private final ChatClient chatClient;
public String chat(String message) {
try {
return chatClient.call(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Chat error", e);
return "抱歉,处理请求时出现错误";
}
}
}
3. 性能优化
- 使用流式响应提升用户体验
- 合理使用缓存减少 API 调用
- 批量处理 Embedding 请求
4. 成本控制
- 选择合适的模型(GPT-3.5 vs GPT-4)
- 限制 Token 使用量
- 监控 API 调用情况
常用依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-openai-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-anthropic-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-azure-openai-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-ai-pgvector-store-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
示例 Prompt
- "如何使用 Spring AI 集成 OpenAI?"
- "Spring AI 中如何实现流式响应?"
- "如何在 Spring AI 中使用 Embedding 和 Vector Store?"
- "Spring AI 中如何实现 Function Calling?"
- "如何配置 Spring AI 支持多个模型?"
能力边界
✅ 适用场景
- 当你需要使用此技能对应的技术栈时
- 当项目需要遵循最佳实践时
- 当需要快速上手或深入理解核心概念时
⚠️ 需要注意
- 复杂业务逻辑需要结合具体场景调整
- 性能优化需要根据实际数据量评估
❌ 不适用场景
常见陷阱 (Gotchas)
- 版本兼容性:注意框架版本与依赖库的兼容性,不同版本 API 可能有差异
- 配置文件格式:配置文件格式错误是最常见的问题,建议使用编辑器的语法检查
- 环境变量:确保所有必要的环境变量已正确设置,敏感信息不要硬编码
- 依赖冲突:多版本共存时注意依赖冲突,使用 lock 文件锁定版本
- 性能陷阱:大数据量场景下注意性能优化,避免 N+1 查询等常见问题
使用流程
Step 1: 环境准备
确保开发环境已安装必要的依赖和工具。
Step 2: 配置初始化
根据项目需求进行基础配置。
Step 3: 核心功能使用
按照示例代码实现核心功能。
Step 4: 测试验证
运行测试确保功能正常。
Step 5: 部署上线
完成开发后进行部署和监控。