gke-workload-troubleshooting

name	gke-workload-troubleshooting
description	Systematic Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for diagnosing GKE workload failures, crash loops, resource OOMs, mounting errors, and connectivity timeouts.

GKE Workload Troubleshooting Skill

Use this skill to systematically diagnose and resolve failures in application workloads deployed in GKE clusters. This skill enforces a read-only diagnostics boundary before proposing manifest or config corrections.

🔍 Diagnostic Workflow

Step 0: Context Acquisition & Time Window Definition

To begin troubleshooting, acquire the following context from the user or active SETTINGS.md config:

• Project ID (e.g., my-gcp-project)
  • Cluster Name (e.g., my-gke-cluster)
  • Cluster Location (e.g., us-central1)
  • Workload Name (e.g., payment-api)
  • Workload Namespace (e.g., checkout)
  • Issue Time (Optional, e.g., 2026-06-01T15:30:00Z)

Before running any diagnostics or kubectl commands, you must fetch GKE credentials and context for the target GKE cluster:

gcloud container clusters get-credentials <cluster_name> --region <cluster_location>

Time Handling & Fallbacks:

1. Determine Issue Timestamp ($T$):

   • Specific Time Provided: If the user provides a specific timestamp, use it as $T$.
   • Relative Time Provided (e.g., "5 minutes ago"): Dynamically calculate the corresponding UTC timestamp based on the current system time, and use it as $T$.
   • No Time Provided (Default):
     1. Retrieve the GKE pod status (kubectl get pods -n <namespace> -o yaml).
     2. If there are crashing or pending containers, check their state transition timestamps (e.g. status.containerStatuses[*].lastState.terminated.finishedAt or status.startTime) and use that transition time as $T$.
     3. If no active transitions are found, default to the current system time as $T$.

2. Window Calculation: Center a 1-hour query window around the issue timestamp $T$:

   • Start_Time = T - 30m
   • End_Time = T + 30m

---

Step 1: Analyze Pod Status and Conditions

Inspect the workload's active pod states and controller status.

Diagnostic Commands:

# 1. Inspect the deployment's actual selector labels:
kubectl get deployment <workload_name> -n <workload_namespace> -o jsonpath='{.spec.selector.matchLabels}'
# 2. Query the pods using the returned labels, for example:
kubectl get pods -l <selector_labels> -n <workload_namespace>
kubectl get deploy/<workload_name> -n <workload_namespace> -o yaml

Diagnostic Decision Tree:

• Phase: Pending:

  • The Pod cannot schedule on any node. Proceed directly to Step 2 (Query Namespace Events).

• State: CrashLoopBackOff / Error:

  • Container is booting but exiting repeatedly. Check the terminated status using:

    kubectl get pod <pod_name> -n <workload_namespace> -o jsonpath='{.status.containerStatuses[*].lastState.terminated}'
    

    • ExitCode: 137 (OOMKilled): The container exceeded its memory limit. Propose scaling memory limits up (Go to Step 5).
    • ExitCode: 1 or other non-zero codes: The application code crashed. Proceed directly to Step 3 (Inspect Logs).

• State: ContainerCreating:

  • The container is blocked during volume mount, networking setup, or image pulling. Proceed directly to Step 2 (Query Namespace Events).

---

Step 2: Query Namespace Events

Look for infrastructure, volume, image, or scheduling alerts in GKE.

Diagnostic Command:

kubectl get events -n <workload_namespace> --sort-by='.metadata.creationTimestamp'
# Or query Cloud Logging for historical GKE events within the time window:
gcloud logging read "resource.type=\"k8s_cluster\" AND logName=\"projects/<project_id>/logs/events\" AND jsonPayload.involvedObject.namespace=\"<workload_namespace>\"" --start-time="[Start_Time]" --end-time="[End_Time]" --project="<project_id>"

Note: Retrieve the sorted events list and manually inspect the event timestamps (CreationTimestamp/LastSeen) to identify failures occurring within the [Start_Time] and [End_Time] window.

Signature Identifiers:

• FailedScheduling: Node resource exhaustion. Look for messages like 0/3 nodes are available: 3 Insufficient memory. or missing node affinity tolerations (e.g. Spot VM taints).
• FailedMount:
  • Missing PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC).
  • Missing Secret (Secret "<secret-name>" not found).
  • Missing ConfigMap (ConfigMap "<configmap-name>" not found).
• Failed / BackOff (Image Pull):
  • Wrong image tag, missing image registry authentication (e.g., ImagePullBackOff).
  • Resolution Steps for Wrong Image Tag:
    1. Identify the failing container image name and the invalid tag.
    2. Check the Git repository history for the last known working image tag for this workload. Run git log -p -S "<image_name>" -- <manifest_file_path> (or use git log on the folder containing manifests) to identify the previous working tag in Git.
    3. If the invalid tag is a recent change in git history, compare it to the tag from the last successful commit.
    4. Propose reverting the image tag to the last working version, or correcting the tag version in the manifest patch.

---

Step 3: Inspect Application Logs

Extract exceptions and stack traces from the application runtime.

Diagnostic Commands:

# Check current active log stream (handles multi-container pods)
kubectl logs <pod_name> -n <workload_namespace> --all-containers --tail=100

# Check logs from previously terminated container instances (handles multi-container pods)
kubectl logs <pod_name> -n <workload_namespace> --all-containers -p --tail=100

Signature Identifiers:

• Stack Trace / Unhandled Exception: Look for language-specific stack traces (e.g., panic:, NullPointerException, Traceback (most recent call)). This indicates an application bug.
• Egress Network Timeout: Look for connection timeouts (e.g., Connection timed out, dial tcp: i/o timeout). Proceed to Step 4 (Verify Connectivity).
• Permission Errors (ReadOnlyRootFilesystem): Look for write errors (e.g., Read-only file system, Permission denied when writing to /tmp or /var/log). Propose adding an emptyDir volume mount to that directory in the manifest.

---

Step 4: Verify Service Connectivity and Network Policies

Troubleshoot connection drops to other services.

Diagnostic Commands:

# Verify target endpoint is active
kubectl get endpoints <target_service_name> -n <target_namespace>

# Query network policies inside namespace
kubectl get networkpolicies -n <workload_namespace> -o yaml

Logic:

• If the endpoints list is empty, the target microservice itself is failing to schedule or boot (troubleshoot target service).
• If endpoints exist but logs show timeouts, analyze the NetworkPolicy egress blocks. Verify if egress to the target service's IP/port is explicitly whitelisted.

---

Step 5: Propose GitOps Correction

Following the GitOps boundary, do not apply patches directly to the cluster.

1. Synthesize the root cause analysis for the human operator (e.g. "payment-api is failing with exit code 137 because its memory limit is set to 256Mi while actual usage spiked to 270Mi").
2. Generate the corrected YAML manifest patch (e.g. increase memory limits, add missing Secret mounts, or add tolerations for Spot nodes).
3. Check if a branch or Pull Request (PR) already exists for this workload/failure. If so, update the existing branch/PR or notify the user instead of creating a duplicate. Otherwise, create a branch, commit the change, and open a Pull Request (PR) on GitHub. Wait for human merge.