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Core Web Vitals reference for measuring, diagnosing, and improving LCP, INP, and CLS page performance against Google's thresholds
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基于 SOC 职业分类
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Turn backend test ambiguity into one practical test packet — API/service/repo/auth coverage, fixture & seed/reset strategy, mock-vs-container choices, contract checks, and flaky-suite stabilization across local and CI.
| name | core-web-vitals |
| description | Core Web Vitals reference for measuring, diagnosing, and improving LCP, INP, and CLS page performance against Google's thresholds |
The three stable Core Web Vitals, each measured at the 75th percentile of real page loads (segmented by mobile and desktop):
| Metric | Measures | Good | Needs Improvement | Poor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCP — Largest Contentful Paint | Loading | ≤ 2.5 s | 2.5–4.0 s | > 4.0 s |
| INP — Interaction to Next Paint | Interactivity | ≤ 200 ms | 200–500 ms | > 500 ms |
| CLS — Cumulative Layout Shift | Visual stability | ≤ 0.1 | 0.1–0.25 | > 0.25 |
A page passes Core Web Vitals only if all three metrics meet "Good" at the 75th percentile.
| Tool | Type | LCP | INP | CLS | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) | Field | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 28-day rolling window of real users |
| PageSpeed Insights | Field + Lab | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Field = CrUX data; Lab = Lighthouse |
| Search Console CWV report | Field | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Groups URLs by template |
| Chrome DevTools Performance panel | Field + Lab | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Local profiling, interaction tracing |
| Lighthouse | Lab | ✓ | TBT* | ✓ | CI integration; INP → use TBT as proxy |
*Lighthouse uses Total Blocking Time (TBT) as a lab proxy for INP. TBT correlates with INP but does not replace field measurement.
Metrics progress through: Experimental → Pending → Stable. All three current Core Web Vitals (LCP, CLS, INP) are Stable. INP replaced FID (First Input Delay) in March 2024. Changes to stable metrics follow an annual cadence with advance notice.
npm install web-vitals
import { onCLS, onINP, onLCP } from "web-vitals";
function sendToAnalytics(metric) {
const body = JSON.stringify(metric);
(navigator.sendBeacon && navigator.sendBeacon("/analytics", body)) ||
fetch("/analytics", { body, method: "POST", keepalive: true });
}
onCLS(sendToAnalytics);
onINP(sendToAnalytics);
onLCP(sendToAnalytics);
Each callback receives { name, value, rating, delta, id, navigationType }.
rating is "good", "needs-improvement", or "poor".
The
web-vitalslibrary handles bfcache restores, prerendered pages, iframe aggregation, and other edge cases that raw PerformanceObserver does not.
When the user provides metric values or a Lighthouse JSON file, generate an interactive HTML report and open it in the browser:
To locate the script, find scripts/visualize.py relative to this skill's directory. The path depends on how ts-dev-kit is installed:
skills/core-web-vitals/scripts/visualize.py or .claude/skills/core-web-vitals/scripts/visualize.py~/.claude/skills/core-web-vitals/scripts/visualize.pynode_modules/@jgamaraalv/ts-dev-kit/skills/core-web-vitals/scripts/visualize.pyUse find or ls to discover the actual path, then run:
# From manual values (replace SCRIPT_PATH with the discovered path)
python3 SCRIPT_PATH/visualize.py \
--lcp 2.1 --inp 180 --cls 0.05 \
--url https://example.com
# From a Lighthouse JSON output
python3 SCRIPT_PATH/visualize.py \
--lighthouse lighthouse-report.json
# Custom output path, no auto-open
python3 SCRIPT_PATH/visualize.py \
--lcp 3.8 --inp 420 --cls 0.12 \
--output cwv-report.html --no-open
The script (scripts/visualize.py) requires only Python 3 stdlib — no packages to install.
It outputs a self-contained HTML file with color-coded metric cards, a visual progress bar showing where each value falls on the Good/Needs Improvement/Poor scale, and an overall PASS/FAIL/NEEDS IMPROVEMENT verdict.
| Reference | Read when… |
|---|---|
| references/lcp.md | LCP > 2.5 s, diagnosing slow image/text load, preload/CDN questions |
| references/inp.md | INP > 200 ms, slow click/key/tap response, long task investigations |
| references/cls.md | CLS > 0.1, elements jumping on scroll or load, font/image shift |
| references/tools.md | Setting up monitoring, using DevTools/Lighthouse/PSI, top-9 optimization checklist |