| name | abap-sql-amdp |
| description | Help with modern ABAP SQL features and AMDP (ABAP Managed Database Procedures) including inline declarations, window functions, GROUP BY, HAVING, PRIVILEGED ACCESS, string functions, aggregate expressions, common table expressions (CTE), AMDP classes, AMDP procedures, AMDP table functions, CDS table functions, and AMDP scalar functions. Use when users ask about ABAP SQL, modern SQL, SELECT, window functions, CTE, common table expression, AMDP, SQLScript, AMDP table function, CDS table function, aggregate, GROUP BY, HAVING, UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, PRIVILEGED ACCESS, ABAP SQL expressions, built-in SQL functions, or database procedures. Triggers include "ABAP SQL query", "window function", "CTE", "AMDP", "table function", "GROUP BY", "aggregate", "PRIVILEGED ACCESS", "inline SELECT", or "SQLScript". |
ABAP SQL & AMDP
Guide for writing modern ABAP SQL statements and ABAP Managed Database Procedures (AMDP) in ABAP Cloud and Standard ABAP.
Workflow
-
Determine the user's goal:
- Writing or optimizing ABAP SQL queries
- Using advanced SQL features (window functions, CTEs, aggregates)
- Creating AMDP procedures or functions
- Implementing CDS table functions via AMDP
- Understanding PRIVILEGED ACCESS for authorization bypass
-
Identify the context:
- ABAP for Cloud Development vs. Standard ABAP (affects available syntax)
- Performance optimization needs
- Whether AMDP is justified (prefer ABAP SQL when possible)
-
Guide implementation using modern ABAP SQL syntax
Modern ABAP SQL Quick Reference
Basic SELECT with Inline Declaration
"Single record
SELECT SINGLE FROM ztravel
FIELDS travel_id, description, total_price, currency_code
WHERE travel_id = @lv_travel_id
INTO @DATA(ls_travel).
"Multiple records into internal table
SELECT FROM ztravel
FIELDS travel_id, description, total_price, currency_code
WHERE status = 'O'
ORDER BY total_price DESCENDING
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_travels)
UP TO 100 ROWS.
Expressions in SELECT List
SELECT FROM zflight
FIELDS carrier_id,
connection_id,
flight_date,
seats_max - seats_occupied AS seats_free,
CASE WHEN seats_occupied > seats_max * 80 / 100
THEN 'FULL'
ELSE 'AVAILABLE'
END AS availability,
CAST( price AS DECFLOAT34 ) AS price_dec,
CONCAT( carrier_id, connection_id ) AS flight_key
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_flights).
Aggregate Functions and GROUP BY
SELECT FROM zflight
FIELDS carrier_id,
COUNT(*) AS flight_count,
SUM( seats_occupied ) AS total_passengers,
AVG( price ) AS avg_price,
MIN( flight_date ) AS first_flight,
MAX( flight_date ) AS last_flight
GROUP BY carrier_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_stats).
Window Functions
SELECT FROM zflight
FIELDS carrier_id,
connection_id,
flight_date,
price,
"Running total
SUM( price ) OVER( PARTITION BY carrier_id
ORDER BY flight_date
ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW ) AS running_total,
"Row number within partition
ROW_NUMBER( ) OVER( PARTITION BY carrier_id
ORDER BY flight_date DESCENDING ) AS row_num,
"Ranking
RANK( ) OVER( PARTITION BY carrier_id ORDER BY price DESCENDING ) AS price_rank,
"Lead/Lag
LAG( price, 1 ) OVER( PARTITION BY carrier_id ORDER BY flight_date ) AS prev_price,
LEAD( price, 1 ) OVER( PARTITION BY carrier_id ORDER BY flight_date ) AS next_price
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_window).
Common Table Expressions (CTE)
WITH
+connections AS (
SELECT FROM zflsch
FIELDS carrier_id, connection_id, city_from, city_to
WHERE carrier_id IN @lt_carriers ),
+flight_counts AS (
SELECT FROM zflight
FIELDS carrier_id, connection_id,
COUNT(*) AS cnt
GROUP BY carrier_id, connection_id ),
+result AS (
SELECT FROM +connections AS c
INNER JOIN +flight_counts AS f
ON c~carrier_id = f~carrier_id AND c~connection_id = f~connection_id
FIELDS c~carrier_id, c~city_from, c~city_to, f~cnt )
SELECT FROM +result
FIELDS *
ORDER BY cnt DESCENDING
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_result).
Set Operations (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
"UNION ALL (keeps duplicates) / UNION (removes duplicates)
SELECT FROM ztable1 FIELDS col1, col2
UNION ALL
SELECT FROM ztable2 FIELDS col1, col2
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_union).
"INTERSECT — rows in both
SELECT FROM ztable1 FIELDS col1
INTERSECT
SELECT FROM ztable2 FIELDS col1
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_intersect).
"EXCEPT — rows in first but not second
SELECT FROM ztable1 FIELDS col1
EXCEPT
SELECT FROM ztable2 FIELDS col1
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_except).
PRIVILEGED ACCESS
Bypasses CDS access control (DCL) — use with care:
"Skips access control defined in CDS DCL
SELECT FROM zi_travel
FIELDS travel_id, description
WHERE status = 'O'
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_all_travels)
PRIVILEGED ACCESS.
Built-in SQL Functions
| Category | Functions |
|---|
| String | CONCAT, SUBSTRING, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, LTRIM, RTRIM, UPPER, LOWER, REPLACE, LPAD, RPAD |
| Numeric | ABS, CEIL, FLOOR, ROUND, MOD, DIV, DIVISION |
| Date/Time | DATS_ADD_DAYS, DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN, TSTMP_ADD_SECONDS, TSTMP_CURRENT_UTCTIMESTAMP, DATN_ADD_MONTHS |
| Conversion | CAST, COALESCE, CURRENCY_CONVERSION, UNIT_CONVERSION |
| Null | COALESCE, CASE WHEN ... IS NULL |
| Aggregate | COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, STRING_AGG |
Subqueries
"Scalar subquery
SELECT FROM ztravel
FIELDS travel_id,
total_price,
( SELECT AVG( total_price ) FROM ztravel ) AS avg_price
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_with_avg).
"EXISTS subquery
SELECT FROM ztravel AS t
FIELDS t~travel_id, t~description
WHERE EXISTS ( SELECT FROM zbooking AS b
WHERE b~travel_id = t~travel_id
AND b~flight_date > @sy-datum )
INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_with_bookings).
AMDP (ABAP Managed Database Procedures)
When to Use AMDP
- Prefer ABAP SQL for most scenarios
- Use AMDP when: complex calculations benefit from SQLScript, CDS table functions are needed, or mass data processing requires database-level optimization
AMDP Class Structure
CLASS zcl_my_amdp DEFINITION
PUBLIC FINAL CREATE PUBLIC.
PUBLIC SECTION.
INTERFACES if_amdp_marker_hdb. "Mandatory for AMDP
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_result,
carrier_id TYPE s_carr_id,
total TYPE i,
END OF ty_result,
tt_result TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ty_result WITH EMPTY KEY.
"AMDP procedure
METHODS get_carrier_stats
AMDP OPTIONS READ-ONLY CDS SESSION CLIENT DEPENDENT
EXPORTING VALUE(et_result) TYPE tt_result.
"AMDP table function for CDS table function
CLASS-METHODS get_data FOR TABLE FUNCTION zdemo_amdp_tf.
ENDCLASS.
AMDP Procedure Implementation
METHOD get_carrier_stats
BY DATABASE PROCEDURE
FOR HDB
LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
OPTIONS READ-ONLY
USING zflight_ve.
et_result = SELECT carrier_id,
COUNT(*) AS total
FROM zflight_ve
GROUP BY carrier_id
ORDER BY total DESC;
ENDMETHOD.
AMDP Table Function for CDS Table Function
CDS table function definition:
@ClientHandling.type: #CLIENT_DEPENDENT
@ClientHandling.algorithm: #SESSION_VARIABLE
define table function ZDEMO_AMDP_TF
with parameters @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE p_lang : abap.lang
returns {
key carrier_id : s_carr_id;
carrier_name : s_carrname;
flight_count : abap.int4;
}
implemented by method zcl_my_amdp=>get_data;
AMDP implementation:
METHOD get_data
BY DATABASE FUNCTION
FOR HDB
LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT
OPTIONS READ-ONLY
USING zcarrier_ve zflight_ve.
RETURN SELECT c.carrier_id,
c.carrier_name,
COUNT(*) AS flight_count
FROM zcarrier_ve AS c
INNER JOIN zflight_ve AS f
ON c.carrier_id = f.carrier_id
GROUP BY c.carrier_id, c.carrier_name;
ENDMETHOD.
AMDP Client Safety (ABAP Cloud)
| Addition | Use Case |
|---|
CDS SESSION CLIENT DEPENDENT | Uses client-dependent CDS views (most common) |
CLIENT INDEPENDENT | Uses only client-independent objects |
AMDP OPTIONS READ-ONLY | Mandatory in ABAP for Cloud Development |
Output Format
When helping with ABAP SQL or AMDP topics, structure responses as:
## ABAP SQL / AMDP Guidance
### Query
[The ABAP SQL statement or AMDP implementation]
### Explanation
[Key features used and why]
### Performance Notes
[Optimization considerations if relevant]
References
