Performing Wireless Security Assessment with Kismet
Overview
Kismet is an open-source wireless network detector, packet sniffer, and wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS) supporting 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax. Unlike active scanners, Kismet operates in passive monitor mode, making it undetectable to the networks being assessed. It captures raw 802.11 frames, identifies access points, clients, probe requests, and encryption types without transmitting any packets. This skill covers deploying Kismet for comprehensive wireless security assessments, identifying rogue access points, detecting weak encryption, mapping hidden networks, and analyzing client behavior.
When to Use
- When conducting security assessments that involve performing wireless security assessment with kismet
- When following incident response procedures for related security events
- When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities
- When validating security controls through hands-on testing
Prerequisites
- Linux system (Kali Linux, Ubuntu 22.04+) with Kismet 2023+ installed
- Wireless adapter supporting monitor mode (e.g., Alfa AWUS036ACH, TP-Link TL-WN722N v1)
- Written authorization for wireless assessment (legal requirement)
- GPS receiver (optional, for geolocation mapping)
- Target environment wireless network documentation
Core Concepts
Kismet Architecture
Kismet uses a client-server architecture:
- kismet - Main server process that captures and processes packets
- kismet_cap_linux_wifi - Capture source for Linux WiFi interfaces
- kismet_cap_linux_bluetooth - Capture source for Bluetooth
- Web UI - Browser-based interface at http://localhost:2501
Wireless Frame Types
| Frame Type | Purpose | Security Relevance |
|---|
| Beacon | AP announces its presence | SSID, encryption, vendor |
| Probe Request | Client searches for networks | Reveals preferred networks |
| Probe Response | AP responds to client probe | Hidden SSID disclosure |
| Authentication | Client authenticates to AP | Auth type identification |
| Deauthentication | Disconnects client from AP | Potential attack indicator |
| Association | Client joins network | Client-AP relationship |
Encryption Assessment
| Encryption | Status | Risk |
|---|
| Open (No encryption) | Insecure | Critical - all traffic visible |
| WEP | Broken | Critical - crackable in minutes |
| WPA-TKIP | Deprecated | High - known vulnerabilities |
| WPA2-PSK (CCMP) | Acceptable | Medium - depends on passphrase strength |
| WPA2-Enterprise (802.1X) | Recommended | Low - certificate-based |
| WPA3-SAE | Best practice | Low - resistant to offline attacks |
Workflow
Step 1: Prepare Wireless Adapter
iwconfig
iw list | grep -A 10 "Supported interface modes"
sudo airmon-ng check kill
sudo ip link set wlan0 down
sudo iw dev wlan0 set type monitor
sudo ip link set wlan0 up
iw dev wlan0 info | grep type
Step 2: Configure and Launch Kismet
Edit /etc/kismet/kismet.conf:
source=wlan0:name=WiFi-Monitor,channel_hop=true,channel_hoprate=5/sec
log_types=kismet,pcapng
log_prefix=/opt/kismet/logs/assessment
channel_hop_speed=5
channel_list=IEEE80211:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132,136,140,149,153,157,161,165
gps=gpsd:host=localhost,port=2947
alert=ADVCRYPTCHANGE,5/min,1/sec
alert=BSSTIMESTAMP,5/min,1/sec
=CRYPTODROP,/min,/sec
=DISASSOCTRAFFIC,/min,/sec
=DEAUTHFLOOD,/min,/sec
=PROBENOMFP,/min,/sec
Launch Kismet:
sudo kismet -c wlan0
Step 3: Conduct Assessment Scans
Rogue Access Point Detection:
curl -u kismet:kismet http://localhost:2501/devices/summary/devices.json | \
python3 -m json.tool > all_devices.json
curl -u kismet:kismet \
'http://localhost:2501/devices/summary/devices.json' \
-d 'json={"fields":["kismet.device.base.macaddr","kismet.device.base.name","kismet.device.base.type","kismet.device.base.crypt","kismet.device.base.channel","kismet.device.base.manuf","dot11.device/dot11.device.advertised_ssid_map/dot11.advertisedssid.ssid"]}' \
> access_points.json
Client Probe Analysis:
Probe requests reveal networks that clients have previously connected to, which can indicate:
- Corporate devices connecting to insecure home networks
- Devices searching for known-evil SSIDs (evil twin susceptibility)
- Unauthorized personal devices in corporate space
Step 4: Analyze Results
Python analysis script for Kismet database:
"""Analyze Kismet capture database for wireless security findings."""
import sqlite3
import json
import sys
from collections import defaultdict
def analyze_kismet_db(db_path: str):
"""Analyze Kismet SQLite database for security issues."""
conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
cursor = conn.cursor()
findings = []
cursor.execute("""
SELECT devmac, type, device
FROM devices
""")
devices = cursor.fetchall()
ap_count = 0
client_count = 0
open_networks = []
wep_networks = []
wpa_tkip_networks = []
hidden_networks = []
all_aps = []
for mac, dev_type, device_json in devices:
try:
device = json.loads(device_json)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
continue
base = device.get('kismet.device.base.type', '')
if 'Wi-Fi AP' in base or 'Wi-Fi Device' in base:
ap_count += 1
ssid_map = device.get('dot11.device', {}).get(
'dot11.device.advertised_ssid_map', []
)
crypt = device.get('kismet.device.base.crypt', '')
name = device.get('kismet.device.base.name', 'Unknown')
channel = device.get('kismet.device.base.channel', '')
manuf = device.get('kismet.device.base.manuf', )
ap_info = {
: mac,
: name,
: crypt,
: channel,
: manuf,
}
all_aps.append(ap_info)
crypt crypt == :
open_networks.append(ap_info)
crypt:
wep_networks.append(ap_info)
crypt crypt:
wpa_tkip_networks.append(ap_info)
ssid_entry ssid_map:
(ssid_entry, ):
ssid = ssid_entry.get(, )
ssid == ssid :
hidden_networks.append(ap_info)
base:
client_count +=
()
()
()
()
()
open_networks:
()
net open_networks:
(
)
wep_networks:
()
net wep_networks:
(
)
wpa_tkip_networks:
()
net wpa_tkip_networks:
(
)
hidden_networks:
()
net hidden_networks:
(
)
channel_usage = defaultdict()
ap all_aps:
ch = ap.get(, )
channel_usage[ch] +=
()
ch, count (channel_usage.items()):
()
conn.close()
__name__ == :
db_path = sys.argv[] (sys.argv) >
analyze_kismet_db(db_path)
Step 5: Detect Rogue Access Points
Compare discovered APs against authorized inventory:
"""Detect rogue access points by comparing against authorized AP list."""
import json
import sys
def load_authorized_aps(filepath: str) -> set:
"""Load authorized AP MAC addresses from file."""
authorized = set()
with open(filepath, 'r') as f:
for line in f:
mac = line.strip().lower()
if mac and not mac.startswith('#'):
authorized.add(mac)
return authorized
def detect_rogues(kismet_json: str, authorized_file: str):
"""Compare discovered APs against authorized list."""
authorized = load_authorized_aps(authorized_file)
with open(kismet_json, 'r') as f:
devices = json.load(f)
rogues = []
for device in devices:
mac = device.get('kismet.device.base.macaddr', '').lower()
dev_type = device.get('kismet.device.base.type', '')
if 'AP' in dev_type and mac not in authorized:
rogues.append({
'mac': mac,
: device.get(, ),
: device.get(, ),
: device.get(, ),
: device.get(, ),
: device.get(, {}).get(
, ),
})
rogues:
()
rogue rogues:
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
:
()
__name__ == :
(sys.argv) < :
()
sys.exit()
detect_rogues(sys.argv[], sys.argv[])
Assessment Checklist
Best Practices
- Written Authorization - Always obtain signed authorization before performing wireless assessments
- Passive Only - Use Kismet in passive mode; do not transmit deauth frames or probe requests
- Comprehensive Channel Coverage - Scan both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands including DFS channels
- Multiple Locations - Perform captures from multiple physical locations for complete coverage
- Time Duration - Capture for at least 30-60 minutes to observe intermittent devices
- GPS Mapping - Use GPS to create heat maps for signal boundary analysis
- Baseline Comparison - Maintain an authorized AP inventory and compare against each assessment
References