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workflow-creation

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更新时间2026年6月12日 16:16

Create, extend, validate, and improve Qlerify workflow diagrams and domain models, including domain events, roles, read models, commands, policies, aggregates, entities, value objects, attributes, given-when-then scenarios, bounded contexts, and invariants. Use when the task involves event storming, event modeling, domain-driven design (DDD), specification-driven development (SDD), model-driven development (MDD), software modeling, domain modeling, process modeling, legacy modernization, reverse-engineering code into a model, generating code from a model, or any direct use of the Qlerify modeling tools.

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Workflow Creation Guide

Build well-structured Qlerify workflows by following a specific tool sequence. Skipping steps or calling tools out of order leads to broken references and incomplete diagrams.

Core Concepts

A Qlerify workflow is a structured (Software Design Level) Event Storming diagram combined with detailed elements and concepts from domain-driven design (DDD):

Lanes — Horizontal swimlanes representing roles — actors that invoke commands. Either a human role (e.g., "Customer", "Hotel Staff") or the exact word "Automation" for any system-triggered step. All automated steps share the single Automation lane — do NOT create lanes for internal services (Payment Service, Notification Service, etc.); those belong in bounded contexts. See "Lane Tools" in references/tools.md for full naming rules.
Domain Events — Always placed in sequence within lanes. Each event represents something that happened in a business process (e.g., "Order Created", "Payment Received"). Contains a verb in past tense. A domain event is the result of a role invoking a state-changing command on an aggregate. Valid: Order Created, Invoice Approved, Payment Cancelled. Invalid (no state change): Page Viewed, Form Opened. Domain Events are the starting point of the modeling process — they are usually created before entities, commands, or read models, which are all later linked or attached to events.
Entities — An Entity is a domain object that is defined by its identity, not by its attributes. An entity must have an id attribute and a life cycle. Entities can have attributes and other related entities. Some entities play the role of aggregate root from the perspective of a given command. Examples: Order, Customer, Product.
Value Objects — A VO is a domain object that is defined by its attributes. A VO has no identity and is immutable (replaced as a whole when updated). Examples: Money (amount + currency), Address (street + city + postal code), Date Range (start date + end date). A VO must not have an id attribute.
Commands — A Command is a state-changing operation invoked on an aggregate and can trigger a domain event. Commands and domain events have a one-to-one relationship. Commands have arguments (also referred to as fields, attributes or properties) representing data that the actor (human or automation) submits. Examples: "Create Order", "Cancel Subscription", "Add Item to Cart".
Read Models — A Read Model represents the queries, projections or views used to provide the actor with the information needed before invoking a command (used for data retrieval and not state change). A Read Model can have attributes, including filter/search parameters and computed fields, and can have nested related entities or value objects as attributes. Examples: "Get Order Details", "Search Available Rooms", "List Customer Orders".
Domain Event Schemas — Define the structure and meaning of domain event payloads, capturing the essential facts about what happened in the domain.
Bounded Contexts — Logical boundaries that group related domain objects and business rules around a specific capability. They usually map to modules, services, or deployment boundaries. Examples: Order Management, Inventory, Customer Management, Payments.
Groups — Optional visual columns used only to help human viewers organize the diagram into phases or stages, such as Order Placement or Fulfillment. Groups carry no domain, ownership, or architectural meaning. Do not create groups unless the user explicitly asks for them — see Phase 5.

How elements reference each other

Tools use $ref paths to link elements together. The get_workflow tool returns the full workflow specification where each element has a $ref path:

Domain events: #/domainEvents/OrderPlaced
Entities: #/schemas/entities/Order
Value Objects: #/schemas/valueObjects/Address
Commands: #/schemas/commands/CreateOrder
Read models: #/schemas/queries/GetOrderDetails
Domain event schemas: #/schemas/domainEvents/OrderPlaced

Use these paths when creating commands, read models, entities, value objects, domain event schemas, or referencing entities in fields.

Tip: The workflow specification returned by get_workflow includes a $schema URL (e.g., https://app.qlerify.com/schemas/domain-model/v1). Fetch this JSON Schema to understand the full structure of the spec — field types, allowed values, and relationships between elements.

Event naming and `$ref` path generation

Event names are converted to PascalCase $ref keys:

Spaces are removed, each word capitalized: "Order Placed" → OrderPlaced
Hyphens are removed, next letter capitalized: "Check-in Completed" → CheckInCompleted
Special characters (?, !, &, #, /) break $ref path resolution — avoid them entirely

Use only alphanumeric characters and spaces in event names. If you use hyphens, call get_workflow afterward to verify the actual $ref key before referencing it in subsequent calls.

Note: Decisions (decision) are visualised as a separate shape on the event storming board taking up the same space as other events, but don't appear in the get_workflow domainEvents section. How to find a decision: a domain event is preceded by a decision shape if the domain event has a conditions attribute set. The name of the shape is hidden under the if property ("conditions":[{"after":{"$ref":"#/domainEvents/CustomerCreated"},"if":"Large Customer?","is":"YES"}]). If you need to reference a decision, call get_workflow, take the description from the "if" property, PascalCase it (drop spaces and punctuation, capitalize each word), and use it as the $ref segment. For example, a decision described as "Is order paid?" is referenced as #/domainEvents/IsOrderPaid.

Creation Sequence

Follow these steps in order. Each step depends on the previous one. For an existing or legacy codebase, start at Phase 0; otherwise skip Phase 0 and start at Phase 1.

If the aggregate is a state machine — a state that guards transitions (a status enum or another encoding; see Phase S), with cycles, multiple terminal states, or guard-forks — run Phase S to map the states first (after Phase 0 if you ran it; otherwise directly before Phase 1). It changes how Phase 2 builds the flow and makes the state columns (Qlerify groups) structural — created up front, before the event spine, so events are born into their column instead of being re-assigned later. For an ordinary aggregate, skip Phase S entirely.

Phase 0: Plan the aggregate model (reverse-engineering only)

Skip this phase entirely for greenfield workflow creation. Run it only when the source is an existing or legacy codebase.

This phase produces a standalone markdown planning artifact that captures the aggregate model derived from the code. Phase 1+ does not start until the user has reviewed and approved the artifact. Reconciliation against the source code still happens at the end via Phase 4 Step 10 as a belt-and-suspenders safety net.

The artifact is a transient working document: it makes the interpretation of the code reviewable as prose before any Qlerify state is committed. Boundary calls (entity vs VO, in-scope vs out, which methods are real commands) are recorded with their rationale so the user can push back cheaply. Once Phase 1+ has built the workflow, Qlerify becomes the source of truth; the artifact does not need to be maintained going forward.

If the user has not specified which aggregate or which codebase, ask before scanning. You need both:

{AGGREGATE_NAME} — the aggregate to extract (e.g., Order, Subscription, Cart)
{CODEBASE_NAME} — the repo, service, or module to extract it from

Recommend: one DDD aggregate at a time, one Qlerify workflow per aggregate.

Step 0.1 — Isolate the aggregate from the service layer

Most business applications have two command layers:

Service layer — workflows or application services that coordinate commands across multiple aggregates.
Aggregate-level commands — the actual mutation surface of the aggregate itself.

When modeling the aggregate in isolation, peel away the service layer to expose the underlying aggregate commands. If the codebase has a service or orchestrator that coordinates another module and then calls a method on the {AGGREGATE_NAME} module, the aggregate command is that method call — not the orchestration name. The orchestration stays outside; the aggregate only knows about the data it receives.

Search for the aggregate and its entry points:

src/domain/{AGGREGATE_NAME}/, src/modules/{AGGREGATE_NAME}/, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.ts, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.cs, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.java
Look for repositories, aggregate roots, domain services, and application services that call into them
Distinguish orchestration (service layer) from mutation (aggregate layer)

Step 0.2 — Capture the aggregate structure

Extract the following, scoped to the {AGGREGATE_NAME} boundary. Cross-aggregate orchestration lives outside — note that it exists, but do not model it.

Aggregate hierarchy — a short tree showing the aggregate root, related entities, and VOs, with each node marked as root / entity / VO.
Aggregate root entity — top-level entity through which all mutations enter. Identified by ownership of children (it holds the collections) and by being the entry point that services call into.
Related entities — children with their own identity and individual lifecycle (add / update / remove).
Value objects — children that are replaced wholesale (set-replacement semantics), with no independent lifecycle. They may still have technical IDs in the implementation — treat them as VOs anyway if the domain semantics are set-replacement.
Commands — each represents a distinct state change of the aggregate.
- If one command always triggers another, merge them into a single command.
- Find a granularity coarser than per-attribute changes but finer than create/update/delete for the whole aggregate. The right level is one where each command represents a business-meaningful action.
- For value objects, usually only one command is needed to set the value; clearing or removal can be modeled as setting a blank or empty value.
- Note which fields are create-only — required on create but not available on update.
Domain events — one event per command, forming 1:1 pairs. Aim for 8–20 events per aggregate. Too many → hard for stakeholders to review on an event storming board. Too few → system becomes hard to reason about.
Read models / queries — queries needed by the client. Can contain computed or derived fields (totals, counts) that exist on API responses but not on entity models. When a field is clearly projection-only, prefer listing it on the read model instead of also on entity/VO attribute tables. Add a short description for any calculated field whose derivation isn't obvious from its name.
Attributes — all fields for every entity and VO: name, type, required/optional, defaults, notes. Prefer domain/type definitions over database schema. Describe relationships in type form (e.g. Order.items: LineItem[]), not database form. Omit internal back-reference fields like parent_id or FK fields unless they are domain-significant. Capture a short description for each entity and each attribute.
Invariants — business rules: required fields, non-negative amounts, set-replacement semantics, snapshot patterns, computed-only fields. Invariants will map to GTWs on commands, command attribute rules and entity attribute rules later in the process.
Tests — for each aggregate command, extract tests that validate the command's behavior at the aggregate boundary, in business language. If only service-level tests exist, extract only the part that proves aggregate behavior; ignore external orchestration. Example: "Given no Order exists, When the caller creates an Order with a valid customer id, Then an Order is returned with an assigned id." These map to acceptanceCriteria on events in Phase 2 Step 2.
External references — fields pointing to other aggregates by ID only (e.g., customerId → Customer in a separate bounded context). Do not model the external aggregate's internals.

Step 0.3 — Stay within scope

Model only the {AGGREGATE_NAME} aggregate boundary. Cross-aggregate orchestration (e.g., completing one aggregate triggering creation of another, external rule evaluation computing values passed in) lives outside — note that it exists, but do not model it.

Model the aggregate as a domain/type model, not a persistence model. Avoid database terms like foreign keys, join tables, and cascade deletes unless they are needed to explain a business rule.

Step 0.4 — Write the planning artifact

Write the extracted model to .qlerify/aggregates/{aggregate-name-kebab-case}.md (create the .qlerify/aggregates/ directory if it does not exist). See references/aggregate-extraction-artifact.md for the template and section-by-section guidance.

Sections scale with content — omit sections that don't apply (e.g., no related entities). For Read Models / Queries, keep the section if the template requires it; only omit projection-specific fields when there are no read-model projections. Do not invent content to fill empty sections.

Step 0.5 — User review and approval gate

Present the artifact to the user and explicitly ask for approval before proceeding to Phase 1. Expected types of feedback:

Classification disputes (this should be an entity, not a VO, because…)
Boundary disputes (this command belongs to a different aggregate)
Missing or incorrect invariants
Tests that should be acceptance criteria but aren't listed
Commands that should be merged or split

Apply approved corrections to the artifact file, then ask again. Repeat until the user explicitly approves. Do NOT call any Qlerify MCP tools (Phase 1+) until the user has approved the artifact.

Extraction guidelines

Peel the service layer first. The most common mistake is naming the orchestrator as the aggregate command.
VOs vs entities is decided by lifecycle semantics, not by whether the legacy implementation has an ID column.
Merge commands that always fire together — event storming is for business-meaningful steps, not implementation steps.
Prefer domain types over DB types. If the code uses varchar, write string; if it uses @relation, write Order.items: LineItem[].
Keep external aggregates opaque. A userId field is enough; do not pull in User internals unless modeling a User aggregate.

After artifact approval, the mapping into Phase 1+ is:

Artifact section	Goes into
Domain events	Phase 2 Step 2 (`create_domain_events`)
Aggregate root, related entities, VOs	Phase 3 Step 4 (`create_entities`)
Commands	Phase 3 Step 5 (`create_commands`)
Read models / queries	Phase 3 Step 6 (`create_read_models`)
Attributes, attribute-level invariants	Phase 3 Step 8 (`update_entities`)
Tests (Given/When/Then), command-level invariants	`acceptanceCriteria` on events in Phase 2 Step 2
Invariants	Verified in Phase 4 (`validate_domain_model`)
External references (IDs to other BCs)	Category 2 ID-only refs in commands (Phase 3 Step 5)
Bounded context (from title metadata)	Phase 3 Step 3 (`create_bounded_context`)

After completing Phase 0 and securing user approval of the artifact, proceed to Phase 1 — or to Phase S first if the aggregate is a state machine.

Phase S: Map the state machine (state-machine aggregates only)

Skip this phase for ordinary aggregates. Run it only when the aggregate is a genuine state machine: a notion of state (≈4+ distinct states) whose value guards which commands are allowed, plus at least one of — a cycle (reopen / revisit), multiple terminal states, or a guard-fork (one command landing in different states by input). The state is most often a status enum, but it can be lifecycle timestamps, a child entity's existence, a flag combination, or a status-history log — and may live on a child rather than the root (see references/state-machine-generation.md → "Where the state lives"). One or two of these alone is not enough; keep those as a normal linear flow.

Why it matters: for a real state machine the default linear event chain is not just thin, it is misleading — Drafted → Registered → … → Removed reads as one sequence when those are alternative lifecycle branches. This phase maps the lifecycle so Phase 2 and Phase 5 can lay it out faithfully.

When it runs: after Phase 0 (reverse-engineering) using the extracted status enum and guarded transitions, or — for greenfield — after the user has described the lifecycle. Before Phase 1. If detection is borderline, ask the user whether to map states onto the timeline or keep a linear flow.

Step S.1 — Write the state-transition map (gate artifact). Produce .qlerify/aggregates/{aggregate-name-kebab-case}-state-machine.md: every state (entry / intermediate / terminal — never drop one, even if no code touches it), and a transition table (fromState | trigger | toState | guard | evidence) where evidence is code / external / business. Record the external / business transitions you know about even when the code is silent. Mark cycles, guard-forks, self-loops, and cross-instance transitions, and state plainly whether the code actually guards its transitions or is a generic setter. See references/state-machine-generation.md for the template and the full layout algorithm.

Step S.2 — Decide the altitude. A state machine can be drawn at two altitudes: service (only what this codebase implements; external / business transitions declared in GWTs, not drawn) or business-lifecycle (the full lifecycle from domain knowledge — all states drawn, speculative edges marked as assumptions). If the code genuinely guards its transitions the two coincide. If the code is a passthrough setter (status set without rules), they diverge — ask the user which one they want, and recommend the code-faithful service altitude; if it looks thin, prefer widening the analysis (e.g. include the frontend) over speculating.

Step S.3 — User review and approval gate. Present the map and the chosen altitude alongside the Phase 0 aggregate artifact and get explicit approval. Expect pushback on fidelity ("that's not what the code does"), scope, and which transitions are real versus assumed. Apply corrections; do not call any MCP tools until the map is approved.

How the approved map drives the build:

Groups first (before the spine): the state columns become Qlerify groups — structural and required here, not the cosmetic default. Create one group per state with create_group in left→right state order, right after the workflow exists and before the event spine; a reappearing state (a cut cycle) gets a distinct name (DRAFT / DRAFT 2). Creating the columns up front lets every event be born into its column, so there is no later re-assignment pass shifting the diagram — which is what made it messy.
Phase 2 (events): build a single linear follows spine where column = postcondition state, one column per distinct state (don't merge unrelated states); set group: "<state>" on the first event of each column so it lands in the right group (later events inherit it along the chain). Guard-forks become decisions with conditionLabel; alternate entries into mid-lifecycle states are follows: "start" events in that column.
Fan-ins (a state reached from several predecessors; a decision with several parents) are wired with add_connection.
Guardrail — what's drawn depends on the altitude. At service altitude draw only the happy path + high-value branches and push delete-from-anywhere (N-to-1), external, business, and cross-instance transitions into acceptanceCriteria and notes. At business-lifecycle altitude draw those external / business states and transitions too, each marked as an assumption. The N-to-1 delete rule (one terminal column + a GWT) holds either way.

Phase 1: Foundation

Step 1 — Identify or create the workflow

For an existing workflow, call list_workflows to find it, then get_workflow to understand its current state. For a new workflow, call create_workflow with a descriptive name — create_workflow needs a projectId, so if the user has no project yet (a fresh account, or list_workflows returns none), call create_project first and use the returned projectId.

Phase 2: Event Flow

Step 2 — Create domain events (see references/event-generation.md for naming and chronology rules)

Use create_domain_events to build the whole event flow in one call. Pass an array of events in the chronological order they occur in the business process. For inserting one or two events into an existing workflow afterwards, use the singular create_domain_event.

Each entry needs:

description — Aggregate Name + Space + Past Tense Verb
lane — The role/actor the event belongs to (e.g., "Customer", "Automation"). Auto-created on the fly the first time an unfamiliar name is referenced, so you typically don't need create_lane when building a workflow from scratch. Pass exactly the same name (case-sensitive) across events that share a lane.
follows — "start" for flow entry points, the bare description of an event created earlier in this same array, or a $ref path to an event that already exists in the workflow
type — Either domainEvent (regular event) or decision (decision diamond)
parallel — Optional. Set true to add a concurrent branch beside existing follower(s) of the same follows instead of inserting between them (see Branching: parallel vs decision below)

Common lane patterns:

E-commerce: Customer, Warehouse Worker, Automation
Hotel Booking: Guest, Hotel Staff, Automation
HR Onboarding: Candidate, HR Manager, Automation

Optional parameters:

acceptanceCriteria — Array of Given-When-Then acceptance criteria strings. If the input contains test scenarios, behavior specs, or sentences in "Given X, When Y, Then Z" form, attach the relevant ones to each event here — don't leave them as background documentation.
conditionLabel — Branch label shown when this event's follows is a decision (e.g. "Yes", "No"); labels a guard-fork branch inline. Ignored if the parent isn't a decision.
group — The state column the event belongs to. State machines only — set it on each column's first event (see the note below and Phase S); leave it unset on ordinary workflows.

Build the flow left-to-right, creating events in the order they occur in the business process. For how follows, parallel, and decisions render spatially on the canvas, see references/layout-and-ui.md. If the aggregate was flagged as a state machine in Phase S, build the flow as the state spine instead (column = postcondition state, guard-forks as decisions, alternate entries as follows: "start") — see references/state-machine-generation.md. Do NOT set aggregateRoot yet — entities don't exist at this point. On an ordinary workflow do NOT set group here — groups there are an optional Phase 5 polish. Exception — state machines (Phase S): the state columns were already created as groups up front (see Phase S), so here you DO set group: "<state>" on the first event of each state column so each event is born into its column; see references/state-machine-generation.md.

Phase 3: Domain Model

Step 3 — Create bounded contexts

Create bounded contexts BEFORE entities, so entities can be assigned during creation. Call create_bounded_context for each logical boundary.

Bounded context design rules:

Ask: "Could a team realistically build and deploy this as a separate service?" If not → same BC
Over-splitting creates unnecessary inter-service complexity (distributed transactions, API contracts, eventual consistency)
Common pattern: start with 1 BC, split later when the domain grows and clear boundaries emerge

Examples:

Hotel Booking (6 entities): 1 BC — "Hotel Booking"
Large E-commerce Platform (20+ entities): 4-5 BCs — "Product Catalog", "Order Management", "Inventory", "Customer Management", "Payments"

Step 4 — Generate entity and value object names, and link aggregate roots to events

Create entities and value objects with just their name and bounded context, and in the same call link each entity to the events it is the aggregate root for. This establishes $ref paths so commands, read models, and domain event schemas can reference them. Classification is determined by the presence of an id field — entities have one, value objects do not. Setting this at creation time avoids a follow-up update_entities call to convert misclassified value objects.

Aggregate roots are linked via aggregateRootFor on each entity. The domain event name often hints at its aggregate root — "Order Created" indicates the Order entity. Each event can have only one aggregate root, and value objects cannot be aggregate roots. Every event must have an aggregate root before proceeding.

Use create_entities to create the schemas. It is a bulk tool: each call accepts an array of entities and value objects, creates them, and links the aggregate roots in one atomic workflow write — so prefer batching when several can be created together.

create_entities(workflowId: "wf-1", entities: [
  {
    name: "Order",
    description: "Aggregate root representing a customer purchase and tracking its fulfilment lifecycle from placement to delivery.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management",
    fields: [{ name: "id", description: "Unique identifier for the order", isRequired: true }],
    aggregateRootFor: ["#/domainEvents/OrderPlaced", "#/domainEvents/OrderCancelled"]
  },
  {
    name: "Order Item",
    description: "Line item within an order capturing the product, quantity, and price at time of purchase.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management",
    fields: [{ name: "id", description: "Unique identifier for the order item", isRequired: true }]
  },
  {
    name: "Address",
    description: "Value object describing a physical postal location; immutable and replaced as a whole.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management"
  }
])
-> Order, Order Item are entities ($ref under #/schemas/entities/...)
-> Address is a value object ($ref under #/schemas/valueObjects/...)
-> Order is set as aggregate root for OrderPlaced and OrderCancelled

Identify ALL entities and value objects the domain needs — aggregate root entities, related or associated entities, and value objects. Use DDD judgment to decide which get the id field: things with their own lifecycle and identity are entities; things defined purely by their attributes (Money, Address, DateRange) are value objects.

If you later need to reassign an aggregate root for a single event, use update_domain_event(domainEvent: "...", aggregateRoot: "..."). For initial workflow creation, always set it via aggregateRootFor on create_entities.

Step 5 — Create commands on events (see references/command-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Use create_commands to create the commands. It is a bulk tool: each call accepts an array of commands and attaches them to their events in one atomic workflow write — so prefer batching when several commands can be created together. Commands and domain events have a one-to-one relationship — each command in the batch must target a different event. Associate a command with an event via the required domainEvent parameter (a $ref path like #/domainEvents/OrderPlaced).

Name commands using action verbs and spaces (e.g., "Create Order", "Cancel Subscription")
Use relatedEntity when an attribute holds related entities or value objects

For each domain event, specify the name and arguments (also referred to as fields, attributes or properties) of the command that produces the event. Think of the command attributes as information fields that the actor (human or automation) fills in and submits. Each field name must be in camelCase. Commands are always invoked on aggregates through the aggregate root. The command attributes on the first level correspond to attributes on the aggregate root. Fields can be nested up to two levels down from the aggregate root and should be nested when updating underlying related entities or value objects. The command's argument structure must always mirror the structure of the entities and VOs inside the aggregate and their attribute names. Even if the user input explicitly prescribes a flat command structure, make sure to mirror the nested structure of the aggregate. Remember that VOs always carry all their attributes and have no id field. (While mirroring the internal aggregate structure in the command might not be recommended as a best practice in DDD, we choose this tradeoff to increase transparency when modeling.) Model each command attribute according to one of the following 4 attribute categories and rules:

Simple Attributes (Primitive Values): Implicitly typed as string, number, or boolean. Use this for basic input values. No nested sub-fields. Examples: comment, quantity, isApproved. Usually mapped to simple attributes of the aggregate root.
References (ID Only): Implicitly typed as string. Use this when referencing an existing entity from another bounded context. Field name must end with Id. No nested sub-fields. Represents a reference only (no mutation of referenced entity). Examples: userId, paymentId, productId. Usually a string attribute on the aggregate root.
Referenced Entity or Value Object (same bounded context): Implicitly typed as object but must never contain any nested sub-fields. Can be a single reference or a collection; set cardinality to "one-to-one" for a single reference and "one-to-many" for a collection. Use this when the referenced entity or value object lives within the same bounded context but outside the current aggregate's consistency boundary, and is not mutated. Unlike a Category 2 reference, the structural attributes of the referenced entity or value object are known (although not included here in the command); unlike Category 4, it is not mutated. Field name must be in camelCase without Id suffix. Do not model any nested sub-fields in your reply. The absence of nested sub-fields shows that we are not mutating the related entity or value object (mutations use Category 4). Omit the Id suffix, since the technical decision of how the reference is implemented is a later concern. Examples: currency, country, shippingMethod.
Nested Related Entity or Value Object to Be Mutated: Implicitly typed as an object. It must always contain at least one nested sub-field. It may be a single object or a collection; set cardinality to "one-to-one" for a single object and "one-to-many" for a collection. Use this when creating or updating one or more nested entities or VOs inside the aggregate. This field name should be the camelCase form of the targeted nested entity or VO name. Exception: when the same Entity/VO type fills multiple semantic roles on the aggregate, name each field after the role and let multiple fields point to the same relatedEntity (e.g., shippingAddress and billingAddress both referencing a VO named "Address"). Never use generic or implementation-specific command argument names such as options, data, params, or payload when targeting an underlying entity or VO. The nested sub-field names must be identical to the attribute names of the targeted related entity or VO. Nested attributes may themselves be Category 4 fields, with their own second level of nested sub-fields. For example, if the aggregate has an entity/VO structure with three levels — order => orderItems => taxRate — then the command setTaxRate should mirror all levels in its argument structure: setTaxRate({ id: "order-123", orderItems: [{ id: "item-456", taxRate: { percentage: 25, countryCode: "SE" } }] }). Note that the id fields are named exactly id and that the value object has no id. Follow this pattern even for batch operations that update multiple nested items: mirror all nested levels in the command structure.

Every event should have a command. After creating commands, call get_workflow and verify every event has one. Events without commands represent gaps in the business process.

Search/filter parameters do NOT belong on commands — they belong on Read Models with isFilter: true

Step 6 — Create read models on events (see references/read-model-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Use create_read_models to create the read models. It is a bulk tool: each call accepts an array of read models and attaches them to their events in one atomic workflow write — so prefer batching when several can be created together. Each read model is linked to an event via the required domainEvent parameter. The read model represents the input data needed by the actor BEFORE triggering the Command that in turn triggers the event.

Name with Get/List/Search prefixes and spaces (e.g., "Get Order Details", "List Customer Orders")
Link to the source entity via entity ($ref path like #/schemas/entities/Order)

Reuse read models across events when it makes sense.

Multiple events in the same workflow often need the same query — for example, several events along an Order's lifecycle all need "Get Order Details". Instead of creating a separate near-duplicate read model per event, include another entry in the create_read_models array with the same name on the new event. The backend recognizes the shared name, links each event to the same underlying read model, and merges any new fields you passed into it. Judge reuse case-by-case: if a new event genuinely needs the same data shape and the same queried entity as an existing one, reuse the same name; if the shape or entity differs, pick a different name and create a distinct read model.

Step 7 — Create domain event schemas on events (optional) (see references/domain-event-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Skip this step by default. Domain event schemas describe the payload published when an event fires, which is only meaningful in Event Sourcing architectures where events are the source of truth. Only perform this step if:

The user explicitly asks for it (e.g., "add domain event schemas", "set up event payloads", "we need the event contracts"), OR

You are reverse-engineering a codebase that already uses Event Sourcing (events are persisted and replayed to rebuild state)

For regular CRUD/state-based applications, leave events without schemas — the workflow is complete without them. If unsure, ask the user before creating schemas.

Use create_domain_event_schemas to create the schemas. It is a bulk tool: each call accepts an array of schemas and attaches them to their events in one atomic workflow write — so prefer batching when several can be created together. Each schema is linked to an event via the required domainEvent parameter.

Name matching the event (e.g., "Order Created", "Payment Processed")
Link to the aggregate root entity via entity ($ref path like #/schemas/entities/Order)
Include fields that capture the essential facts about the state change
Use relatedEntity on nested fields pointing to the empty entities created in Step 4
Each schema targets a different event — an event can only have one domain event schema

Domain event schema field rules (event payload):

Domain event schemas represent what is published when the event fires. Fields should capture what happened, not the full entity state:

Include identifier fields (e.g., orderId, customerId) so event consumers can correlate
Include timestamp fields when timing is business-relevant (e.g., placedAt, completedAt)
Use nested fields with relatedEntity for embedded event data (e.g., order items in the event)
Keep it focused — usually 3 to 8 fields are sufficient
Field names should be consistent with command and entity field names

Step 8 — Update entities with full fields (see references/entity-generation.md for detailed derivation rules)

Now that all commands and read models exist (plus any domain event schemas, if Step 7 was performed), update each entity with its real fields. At this point you have full visibility into every schema that references each entity, so you can derive the correct set of fields.

Use update_entities to apply the updates. It is a bulk tool: each call accepts an array of entity updates and applies them atomically in one workflow write, so prefer batching when several entities can be updated together. Entities created in Step 4 already have an id field, so use addFields to layer on the rest.

update_entities(workflowId: "wf-1", entities: [
  {
    entity: "#/schemas/entities/Order",
    addFields: [
      { name: "customerId", dataType: "string", description: "Customer who placed the order", exampleData: ["cust-10", "cust-22", "cust-07"], isRequired: true },
      { name: "status", dataType: "string", description: "Current fulfillment status", exampleData: ["pending", "confirmed", "shipped"], isRequired: true },
      { name: "orderItems", dataType: "object", description: "Line items in the order", relatedEntity: "#/schemas/entities/OrderItem", cardinality: "one-to-many", exampleData: ["Object", "Object", "Object"] },
      { name: "createdAt", dataType: "string", description: "Timestamp when the order was placed", exampleData: ["2026-01-15T10:00:00Z", "2026-01-16T14:30:00Z", "2026-01-17T09:15:00Z"], isRequired: true }
    ]
  }
])

Entity field design rules:

Include ALL unique fields from all commands that target this entity — merge fields across commands
Include relatedEntity + cardinality for relationships to other entities
Always include exampleData (3 realistic values per field). For fields with relatedEntity, use the placeholder ["Object", "Object", "Object"]
Always include description — a concise one-sentence explanation in business language
Include dataType: string, number, boolean, object
Mark fields essential for creation with isRequired: true
Fields populated only during specific lifecycle transitions (cancel, archive, complete) should NOT be set as required fields

Phase 4: Validation & Reconciliation Loop

Step 9 — Validate and fix the domain model

Run validate_domain_model to check for structural issues. This catches field mismatches between commands/read models and their aggregate root entities.

This is an iterative loop, not a one-shot check:

Run validate_domain_model
For each issue (MAJOR or MINOR), judge whether it genuinely indicates a problem or is a legitimate domain pattern:
- If it's a real problem → fix it
- If it's a valid domain pattern → leave it as-is
Re-run validate_domain_model
Repeat until all remaining issues are legitimate patterns you've consciously decided to keep

Do NOT use severity (MAJOR vs MINOR) as the sole deciding factor. Both need judgment. Some "MAJOR" issues can be valid; some "MINOR" issues should be fixed.

Common real problems to fix:

Command field not on entity when it should be stored → Add the missing field to the entity via update_entities, or remove the field from the command via update_commands
Missing entity relationship that the business domain requires → Add relatedEntity field to entity via update_entities
Denormalized fields on commands (e.g., guestEmail when guestId already exists) → Replace with flat ID ref and let the service look up related data internally
Typos or inconsistent naming between command/read model and entity fields → Rename for consistency

Important: Do not consider the workflow complete until every remaining issue has been consciously reviewed and either fixed or judged as a legitimate pattern.

Step 10 — Reconcile workflow against source code (reverse-engineering only)

Skip this step entirely for greenfield workflow creation. It applies only when Phase 0 ran — when the workflow was extracted from an existing codebase and there is source code to compare the final model against.

Step 9 only checks the workflow against itself. For reverse-engineered workflows, the higher-risk question is whether the final model still matches the source code it was extracted from. Phase 0's extraction can drop commands, miss fields, misclassify an entity vs a value object, or invent events that have no code trigger. This step closes that loop.

Step 10.1 — Pull the final model

Call get_workflow to retrieve the workflow as it now exists in Qlerify after all create/update calls have landed.

Step 10.2 — Re-scan the source for the aggregate boundary

Re-run the searches from Phase 0 Step 0.1 — the aggregate module, its repository, its entry points, and the tests at the aggregate boundary. Do not trust the earlier extraction; re-derive the truth from the code.

Step 10.3 — Build a reconciliation diff

For each category below, list what's in the workflow vs what's in the code and flag discrepancies:

Category	In workflow but not in code	In code but not in workflow
Commands	Phantom command — models a mutation that does not exist	Missing command — code has a state-changing method that's not modeled
Domain events	Phantom event — no code path produces it	Missing event — code emits/persists something not modeled
Entity fields	Phantom field on entity	Missing field — code has a domain attribute not on the entity
Entity vs VO classification	Modeled as entity, code says VO (no id, set-replacement)	Modeled as VO, code says entity (own id, own lifecycle)
Cardinality	one-to-one vs one-to-many mismatch	—
External refs	Workflow models internals of an external aggregate	—
Acceptance criteria	Event has criteria with no matching test	Test at the aggregate boundary with no Given/When/Then on its event

Step 10.4 — Report and ask the user

Present the diff as a punch list grouped by category. For each item, state which side looks correct and recommend one of: fix the workflow, the code is wrong, or accept as a deliberate omission. Do NOT auto-apply fixes — codebase reconciliation has high false-positive risk, since some discrepancies are intentional (a command deliberately merged with another, a field that's implementation-only, an internal helper that should not be modeled). The user is the only one who can adjudicate.

Step 10.5 — Apply approved fixes

For each item the user approves:

Phantom/missing command → create_commands / update_commands / delete_command
Phantom/missing event → create_domain_event / delete_domain_event
Field changes on entities → update_entities (addFields, updateFields, removeFields)
Misclassified entity/VO → recreate via create_entities with the corrected id field presence (entities have id; VOs do not)
Cardinality fix → update_entities with corrected cardinality
Missing acceptance criteria → update_domain_event with the Given/When/Then derived from the test

After applying fixes, re-run Step 9 (validate_domain_model) to confirm the structural integrity wasn't broken by the reconciliation edits. The two loops can interact — fixing a missing field can resolve a Step 9 issue, and vice versa.

Phase 4 stop condition

Phase 4 is complete when:

Step 9 reports no unreviewed structural issues, AND
Step 10 reports no unreviewed discrepancies between workflow and source code (or N/A for greenfield).

Phase 5: Polish (optional)

These steps are cosmetic and can be skipped if not needed.

Step 11 — Create groups (optional, only on explicit user request)

Do NOT create groups as part of a default workflow generation. Skip this step entirely unless the user explicitly asks for them — e.g., "group the events into phases", "add groups for the checkout/fulfillment stages", "organize events into stages". A newly generated workflow should have zero groups by default.

Exception — state-machine workflows (Phase S): when the aggregate was mapped as a state machine, the state columns are the groups, but they are created up front — before the event spine — and each column-leading event sets group at creation (see Phase S). So for Phase S workflows this step is already done by the time you reach Phase 5; do not re-create the groups here. Just verify the columns match the state map. See references/state-machine-generation.md.

Groups split the workflow into phases seen on the diagram with labels spread out horizontally from left to right at the top of the diagram and vertical dividers splitting the flow into phases. When the user asks for them:

Call create_group for each phase, in the order they appear on the timeline.
Assign events to groups using update_domain_event with the group parameter. Only set group on the first event that starts a new group — subsequent events in the same group inherit it automatically based on their position on the timeline.

Common phase patterns (use these as inspiration only when the user asks):

E-commerce: "Browse & Cart", "Checkout", "Fulfillment"
Onboarding: "Registration", "Verification", "Setup", "Activation"

Step 12 — Set colors (optional, only on explicit user request)

Do NOT set colors as part of a default workflow generation. Skip this step entirely unless the user explicitly asks for them — e.g., "color-code the events by lane", "make the automation events blue", "highlight the checkout events in green". A newly generated workflow should leave every event on its default peach color.

When the user asks, call update_domain_event with the color parameter. Available colors: peach, yellow, green, teal, blue, lavender, pink, gray.

update_domain_event(domainEvent: "#/domainEvents/OrderPlaced", color: "blue")

Constraints and Rules

Every domain event should have a command and an aggregate root — No naked events. Domain event schemas are optional and only expected for Event Sourcing workflows (see Step 7)
One command per event — An event can only have one command
One aggregate root per event — An event can only have one entity linked as aggregate root
One domain event schema per event — An event can only have one domain event schema (when one is created)
An event can have multiple read models — Different read models on the same event are fine (e.g. "Get Order" + "List Orders" both on OrderPlaced); only attaching the same read model name twice is rejected
Read models require cardinality — Always specify "one-to-one" or "one-to-many"
Lanes cannot be deleted if they contain events — Move or delete events first
Domain events require a lane — Every event must be assigned to an actor
Chain events via follows — Use "start" for root events. In create_domain_events, follows may also be the bare description of an earlier event in the same batch; when referencing an already-existing event, use its $ref path.
An event can have multiple children — To branch two events off the same non-decision parent, point them at the same follows and set parallel: true on the second (and any later) one. Without parallel, the later event is inserted between the parent and its existing follower(s) — reparenting all of them under it (linearized) — instead. For a decision, do not use parallel; create multiple followers with conditionLabel instead. See Branching: parallel vs decision below.
Bounded contexts must exist before referencing them — Create BCs before assigning entities to them

`relatedEntity` Usage Summary

Context	Use `relatedEntity`?	Example
Command: primitive type	NO — use flat primitive field	`bookingId: "bk-001"`
Command: nested structure	YES — multiple fields needed	`orderItems: [{ productName, qty, price }]`
Read Model: nested structure	YES — nested joined data	`guest: { firstName, lastName, email }`
Read Model: filter parameter	NO — use flat field with `isFilter: true`	`checkInDate` (isFilter)
Domain Event: nested structure	YES — nested event payload data	`orderItems: [{ productId, qty, price }]`
Domain Event: ID reference	NO — use flat field	`orderId`, `customerId`
Entity: related entity	YES — defines data model links	`order → OrderItem (one-to-many)`

Naming rule: If using relatedEntity, name the field as the entity (guest, hotel, orderItems). When one Entity/VO type plays multiple semantic roles on the same aggregate, use role-specific field names that all point to the same relatedEntity — e.g., shippingAddress and billingAddress both referencing a VO named "Address". If it's a flat ID reference, name it with "Id" suffix (guestId, hotelId). Never combine "Id" suffix with relatedEntity.

Attribute-name mirroring (strict): Across a command, its aggregate root entity, and any read model that exposes the same data, a shared attribute MUST use the same name in all three places. The attribute name is independent of the related Entity/VO type name — multiple attributes may reference the same Entity/VO type under different role names (see the Address example above).

Common Workflow Patterns

CRUD Service

Lanes: User, Automation
Flow: User action event → Automation processing event per operation

Approval Pipeline

Lanes: Requester, Approver, Automation
Flow: Request submitted → Review pending → Approved/Rejected gateway → Executed

Event-Driven Saga

Lanes: Customer, Admin, Automation
Flow: Customer/Admin actions trigger events, Automation handles cross-service coordination via decision gateways

Branching: parallel vs decision

Default to a single linear chain. Most timelines are told as one sequence even when steps are technically concurrent or optional — modelers linearize for readability, and so should you. Branching is the exception, not a co-equal option, and parallel in particular is rarely the right call. When the flow genuinely does split, pick the construct that matches the business meaning:

Decision (type: "decision") — conditional / exclusive (XOR). Exactly one branch is taken based on a condition. Label the branches with conditionLabel. Example: payment succeeds or fails.
Parallel branches (parallel: true) — concurrent (AND). All branches happen, with no condition between them. Example: after "Order Placed", both "Inventory Reserved" and "Confirmation Email Sent" occur.

To build parallel branches, give each branch the same follows and set parallel: true on every branch after the first. The first branch creates the parent's initial follower; each subsequent parallel: true event is added beside it rather than inserted between. Omitting parallel linearizes the events into a single chain.

Tips for Well-Structured Workflows

Start with events, not entities. Map the business process flow first, then identify what data each step needs.
Default to a linear chain; use decisions and parallel branches sparingly. Decisions are only for genuine conditional (either-or) branching; parallel branches only for events genuinely triggered at the same time by the same predecessor. Unordered or optional steps should still be sequenced, not branched (see Branching: parallel vs decision).
Name events as past-tense occurrences. "Order Created", not "Create Order" — the command name carries the imperative.
Avoid special characters in event names. Use only alphanumeric characters and spaces. No ?, !, &, #.
Include realistic example data. 3 values per field helps stakeholders understand the model.
After completing the workflow, use the /download skill to save the specification to a file. This is much faster than fetching via MCP tools for large workflows.

Additional Resources

Reference Files

Consult these for detailed rules when creating specific element types:

references/system-prompt.md — DDD/event modeling expert context, naming conventions, character limits, quality checks
references/layout-and-ui.md — How the diagram is laid out (lane/event/decision/connection/group positioning) and how the rest of the Qlerify UI is organized (the seven tabs, sidebar) — read this to build well-arranged diagrams and answer questions about the UI
references/aggregate-extraction-artifact.md — Phase 0 planning artifact: template, section-by-section guidance, file location, quality checks before user approval
references/event-generation.md — Event naming rules, role conventions, chronology, gateway and parallel-branch patterns
references/state-machine-generation.md — Detecting state-machine aggregates and laying the lifecycle out on the timeline (states as columns/groups, DAG cycle-cutting, guard-forks, fan-ins, completeness-in-GWTs guardrails) — used by Phase S
references/command-generation.md — The 4 command field categories, naming rules, 3-level nesting guidelines
references/read-model-generation.md — Read model field design, filter vs display fields, cardinality rules
references/domain-event-generation.md — Domain event payload rules, identifier/timestamp conventions
references/entity-generation.md — Entity field derivation from commands, merge strategy, entity vs value object rules
references/tools.md — Complete MCP tool reference with parameters and usage tips

Example Files

For a complete worked example showing all steps with realistic tool calls and data:

examples/ecommerce-workflow.md — End-to-end e-commerce order workflow creation: empty entities first, then commands/read models/domain events referencing them, entity fields derived last, validation loop

name	workflow-creation
description	Create, extend, validate, and improve Qlerify workflow diagrams and domain models, including domain events, roles, read models, commands, policies, aggregates, entities, value objects, attributes, given-when-then scenarios, bounded contexts, and invariants. Use when the task involves event storming, event modeling, domain-driven design (DDD), specification-driven development (SDD), model-driven development (MDD), software modeling, domain modeling, process modeling, legacy modernization, reverse-engineering code into a model, generating code from a model, or any direct use of the Qlerify modeling tools.
allowed-tools	Read, Glob, Grep, Bash, mcp__plugin_mcp-companion_qlerify__*

Workflow Creation Guide

Build well-structured Qlerify workflows by following a specific tool sequence. Skipping steps or calling tools out of order leads to broken references and incomplete diagrams.

Core Concepts

A Qlerify workflow is a structured (Software Design Level) Event Storming diagram combined with detailed elements and concepts from domain-driven design (DDD):

Lanes — Horizontal swimlanes representing roles — actors that invoke commands. Either a human role (e.g., "Customer", "Hotel Staff") or the exact word "Automation" for any system-triggered step. All automated steps share the single Automation lane — do NOT create lanes for internal services (Payment Service, Notification Service, etc.); those belong in bounded contexts. See "Lane Tools" in references/tools.md for full naming rules.
Domain Events — Always placed in sequence within lanes. Each event represents something that happened in a business process (e.g., "Order Created", "Payment Received"). Contains a verb in past tense. A domain event is the result of a role invoking a state-changing command on an aggregate. Valid: Order Created, Invoice Approved, Payment Cancelled. Invalid (no state change): Page Viewed, Form Opened. Domain Events are the starting point of the modeling process — they are usually created before entities, commands, or read models, which are all later linked or attached to events.
Entities — An Entity is a domain object that is defined by its identity, not by its attributes. An entity must have an id attribute and a life cycle. Entities can have attributes and other related entities. Some entities play the role of aggregate root from the perspective of a given command. Examples: Order, Customer, Product.
Value Objects — A VO is a domain object that is defined by its attributes. A VO has no identity and is immutable (replaced as a whole when updated). Examples: Money (amount + currency), Address (street + city + postal code), Date Range (start date + end date). A VO must not have an id attribute.
Commands — A Command is a state-changing operation invoked on an aggregate and can trigger a domain event. Commands and domain events have a one-to-one relationship. Commands have arguments (also referred to as fields, attributes or properties) representing data that the actor (human or automation) submits. Examples: "Create Order", "Cancel Subscription", "Add Item to Cart".
Read Models — A Read Model represents the queries, projections or views used to provide the actor with the information needed before invoking a command (used for data retrieval and not state change). A Read Model can have attributes, including filter/search parameters and computed fields, and can have nested related entities or value objects as attributes. Examples: "Get Order Details", "Search Available Rooms", "List Customer Orders".
Domain Event Schemas — Define the structure and meaning of domain event payloads, capturing the essential facts about what happened in the domain.
Bounded Contexts — Logical boundaries that group related domain objects and business rules around a specific capability. They usually map to modules, services, or deployment boundaries. Examples: Order Management, Inventory, Customer Management, Payments.
Groups — Optional visual columns used only to help human viewers organize the diagram into phases or stages, such as Order Placement or Fulfillment. Groups carry no domain, ownership, or architectural meaning. Do not create groups unless the user explicitly asks for them — see Phase 5.

How elements reference each other

Tools use $ref paths to link elements together. The get_workflow tool returns the full workflow specification where each element has a $ref path:

Domain events: #/domainEvents/OrderPlaced
Entities: #/schemas/entities/Order
Value Objects: #/schemas/valueObjects/Address
Commands: #/schemas/commands/CreateOrder
Read models: #/schemas/queries/GetOrderDetails
Domain event schemas: #/schemas/domainEvents/OrderPlaced

Use these paths when creating commands, read models, entities, value objects, domain event schemas, or referencing entities in fields.

Event naming and `$ref` path generation

Event names are converted to PascalCase $ref keys:

Spaces are removed, each word capitalized: "Order Placed" → OrderPlaced
Hyphens are removed, next letter capitalized: "Check-in Completed" → CheckInCompleted
Special characters (?, !, &, #, /) break $ref path resolution — avoid them entirely

Use only alphanumeric characters and spaces in event names. If you use hyphens, call get_workflow afterward to verify the actual $ref key before referencing it in subsequent calls.

Creation Sequence

Follow these steps in order. Each step depends on the previous one. For an existing or legacy codebase, start at Phase 0; otherwise skip Phase 0 and start at Phase 1.

Phase 0: Plan the aggregate model (reverse-engineering only)

Skip this phase entirely for greenfield workflow creation. Run it only when the source is an existing or legacy codebase.

If the user has not specified which aggregate or which codebase, ask before scanning. You need both:

{AGGREGATE_NAME} — the aggregate to extract (e.g., Order, Subscription, Cart)
{CODEBASE_NAME} — the repo, service, or module to extract it from

Recommend: one DDD aggregate at a time, one Qlerify workflow per aggregate.

Step 0.1 — Isolate the aggregate from the service layer

Most business applications have two command layers:

Service layer — workflows or application services that coordinate commands across multiple aggregates.
Aggregate-level commands — the actual mutation surface of the aggregate itself.

Search for the aggregate and its entry points:

src/domain/{AGGREGATE_NAME}/, src/modules/{AGGREGATE_NAME}/, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.ts, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.cs, **/{AGGREGATE_NAME}.java
Look for repositories, aggregate roots, domain services, and application services that call into them
Distinguish orchestration (service layer) from mutation (aggregate layer)

Step 0.2 — Capture the aggregate structure

Extract the following, scoped to the {AGGREGATE_NAME} boundary. Cross-aggregate orchestration lives outside — note that it exists, but do not model it.

Aggregate hierarchy — a short tree showing the aggregate root, related entities, and VOs, with each node marked as root / entity / VO.
Aggregate root entity — top-level entity through which all mutations enter. Identified by ownership of children (it holds the collections) and by being the entry point that services call into.
Related entities — children with their own identity and individual lifecycle (add / update / remove).
Value objects — children that are replaced wholesale (set-replacement semantics), with no independent lifecycle. They may still have technical IDs in the implementation — treat them as VOs anyway if the domain semantics are set-replacement.
Commands — each represents a distinct state change of the aggregate.
- If one command always triggers another, merge them into a single command.
- Find a granularity coarser than per-attribute changes but finer than create/update/delete for the whole aggregate. The right level is one where each command represents a business-meaningful action.
- For value objects, usually only one command is needed to set the value; clearing or removal can be modeled as setting a blank or empty value.
- Note which fields are create-only — required on create but not available on update.
Domain events — one event per command, forming 1:1 pairs. Aim for 8–20 events per aggregate. Too many → hard for stakeholders to review on an event storming board. Too few → system becomes hard to reason about.
Read models / queries — queries needed by the client. Can contain computed or derived fields (totals, counts) that exist on API responses but not on entity models. When a field is clearly projection-only, prefer listing it on the read model instead of also on entity/VO attribute tables. Add a short description for any calculated field whose derivation isn't obvious from its name.
Attributes — all fields for every entity and VO: name, type, required/optional, defaults, notes. Prefer domain/type definitions over database schema. Describe relationships in type form (e.g. Order.items: LineItem[]), not database form. Omit internal back-reference fields like parent_id or FK fields unless they are domain-significant. Capture a short description for each entity and each attribute.
Invariants — business rules: required fields, non-negative amounts, set-replacement semantics, snapshot patterns, computed-only fields. Invariants will map to GTWs on commands, command attribute rules and entity attribute rules later in the process.
Tests — for each aggregate command, extract tests that validate the command's behavior at the aggregate boundary, in business language. If only service-level tests exist, extract only the part that proves aggregate behavior; ignore external orchestration. Example: "Given no Order exists, When the caller creates an Order with a valid customer id, Then an Order is returned with an assigned id." These map to acceptanceCriteria on events in Phase 2 Step 2.
External references — fields pointing to other aggregates by ID only (e.g., customerId → Customer in a separate bounded context). Do not model the external aggregate's internals.

Step 0.3 — Stay within scope

Model the aggregate as a domain/type model, not a persistence model. Avoid database terms like foreign keys, join tables, and cascade deletes unless they are needed to explain a business rule.

Step 0.4 — Write the planning artifact

Step 0.5 — User review and approval gate

Present the artifact to the user and explicitly ask for approval before proceeding to Phase 1. Expected types of feedback:

Classification disputes (this should be an entity, not a VO, because…)
Boundary disputes (this command belongs to a different aggregate)
Missing or incorrect invariants
Tests that should be acceptance criteria but aren't listed
Commands that should be merged or split

Apply approved corrections to the artifact file, then ask again. Repeat until the user explicitly approves. Do NOT call any Qlerify MCP tools (Phase 1+) until the user has approved the artifact.

Extraction guidelines

Peel the service layer first. The most common mistake is naming the orchestrator as the aggregate command.
VOs vs entities is decided by lifecycle semantics, not by whether the legacy implementation has an ID column.
Merge commands that always fire together — event storming is for business-meaningful steps, not implementation steps.
Prefer domain types over DB types. If the code uses varchar, write string; if it uses @relation, write Order.items: LineItem[].
Keep external aggregates opaque. A userId field is enough; do not pull in User internals unless modeling a User aggregate.

After artifact approval, the mapping into Phase 1+ is:

Artifact section	Goes into
Domain events	Phase 2 Step 2 (`create_domain_events`)
Aggregate root, related entities, VOs	Phase 3 Step 4 (`create_entities`)
Commands	Phase 3 Step 5 (`create_commands`)
Read models / queries	Phase 3 Step 6 (`create_read_models`)
Attributes, attribute-level invariants	Phase 3 Step 8 (`update_entities`)
Tests (Given/When/Then), command-level invariants	`acceptanceCriteria` on events in Phase 2 Step 2
Invariants	Verified in Phase 4 (`validate_domain_model`)
External references (IDs to other BCs)	Category 2 ID-only refs in commands (Phase 3 Step 5)
Bounded context (from title metadata)	Phase 3 Step 3 (`create_bounded_context`)

After completing Phase 0 and securing user approval of the artifact, proceed to Phase 1 — or to Phase S first if the aggregate is a state machine.

Phase S: Map the state machine (state-machine aggregates only)

How the approved map drives the build:

Groups first (before the spine): the state columns become Qlerify groups — structural and required here, not the cosmetic default. Create one group per state with create_group in left→right state order, right after the workflow exists and before the event spine; a reappearing state (a cut cycle) gets a distinct name (DRAFT / DRAFT 2). Creating the columns up front lets every event be born into its column, so there is no later re-assignment pass shifting the diagram — which is what made it messy.
Phase 2 (events): build a single linear follows spine where column = postcondition state, one column per distinct state (don't merge unrelated states); set group: "<state>" on the first event of each column so it lands in the right group (later events inherit it along the chain). Guard-forks become decisions with conditionLabel; alternate entries into mid-lifecycle states are follows: "start" events in that column.
Fan-ins (a state reached from several predecessors; a decision with several parents) are wired with add_connection.
Guardrail — what's drawn depends on the altitude. At service altitude draw only the happy path + high-value branches and push delete-from-anywhere (N-to-1), external, business, and cross-instance transitions into acceptanceCriteria and notes. At business-lifecycle altitude draw those external / business states and transitions too, each marked as an assumption. The N-to-1 delete rule (one terminal column + a GWT) holds either way.

Phase 1: Foundation

Step 1 — Identify or create the workflow

Phase 2: Event Flow

Step 2 — Create domain events (see references/event-generation.md for naming and chronology rules)

Each entry needs:

description — Aggregate Name + Space + Past Tense Verb
lane — The role/actor the event belongs to (e.g., "Customer", "Automation"). Auto-created on the fly the first time an unfamiliar name is referenced, so you typically don't need create_lane when building a workflow from scratch. Pass exactly the same name (case-sensitive) across events that share a lane.
follows — "start" for flow entry points, the bare description of an event created earlier in this same array, or a $ref path to an event that already exists in the workflow
type — Either domainEvent (regular event) or decision (decision diamond)
parallel — Optional. Set true to add a concurrent branch beside existing follower(s) of the same follows instead of inserting between them (see Branching: parallel vs decision below)

Common lane patterns:

E-commerce: Customer, Warehouse Worker, Automation
Hotel Booking: Guest, Hotel Staff, Automation
HR Onboarding: Candidate, HR Manager, Automation

Optional parameters:

acceptanceCriteria — Array of Given-When-Then acceptance criteria strings. If the input contains test scenarios, behavior specs, or sentences in "Given X, When Y, Then Z" form, attach the relevant ones to each event here — don't leave them as background documentation.
conditionLabel — Branch label shown when this event's follows is a decision (e.g. "Yes", "No"); labels a guard-fork branch inline. Ignored if the parent isn't a decision.
group — The state column the event belongs to. State machines only — set it on each column's first event (see the note below and Phase S); leave it unset on ordinary workflows.

Phase 3: Domain Model

Step 3 — Create bounded contexts

Create bounded contexts BEFORE entities, so entities can be assigned during creation. Call create_bounded_context for each logical boundary.

Bounded context design rules:

Ask: "Could a team realistically build and deploy this as a separate service?" If not → same BC
Over-splitting creates unnecessary inter-service complexity (distributed transactions, API contracts, eventual consistency)
Common pattern: start with 1 BC, split later when the domain grows and clear boundaries emerge

Examples:

Hotel Booking (6 entities): 1 BC — "Hotel Booking"
Large E-commerce Platform (20+ entities): 4-5 BCs — "Product Catalog", "Order Management", "Inventory", "Customer Management", "Payments"

Step 4 — Generate entity and value object names, and link aggregate roots to events

create_entities(workflowId: "wf-1", entities: [
  {
    name: "Order",
    description: "Aggregate root representing a customer purchase and tracking its fulfilment lifecycle from placement to delivery.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management",
    fields: [{ name: "id", description: "Unique identifier for the order", isRequired: true }],
    aggregateRootFor: ["#/domainEvents/OrderPlaced", "#/domainEvents/OrderCancelled"]
  },
  {
    name: "Order Item",
    description: "Line item within an order capturing the product, quantity, and price at time of purchase.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management",
    fields: [{ name: "id", description: "Unique identifier for the order item", isRequired: true }]
  },
  {
    name: "Address",
    description: "Value object describing a physical postal location; immutable and replaced as a whole.",
    boundedContext: "Order Management"
  }
])
-> Order, Order Item are entities ($ref under #/schemas/entities/...)
-> Address is a value object ($ref under #/schemas/valueObjects/...)
-> Order is set as aggregate root for OrderPlaced and OrderCancelled

If you later need to reassign an aggregate root for a single event, use update_domain_event(domainEvent: "...", aggregateRoot: "..."). For initial workflow creation, always set it via aggregateRootFor on create_entities.

Step 5 — Create commands on events (see references/command-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Name commands using action verbs and spaces (e.g., "Create Order", "Cancel Subscription")
Use relatedEntity when an attribute holds related entities or value objects

Simple Attributes (Primitive Values): Implicitly typed as string, number, or boolean. Use this for basic input values. No nested sub-fields. Examples: comment, quantity, isApproved. Usually mapped to simple attributes of the aggregate root.
References (ID Only): Implicitly typed as string. Use this when referencing an existing entity from another bounded context. Field name must end with Id. No nested sub-fields. Represents a reference only (no mutation of referenced entity). Examples: userId, paymentId, productId. Usually a string attribute on the aggregate root.
Referenced Entity or Value Object (same bounded context): Implicitly typed as object but must never contain any nested sub-fields. Can be a single reference or a collection; set cardinality to "one-to-one" for a single reference and "one-to-many" for a collection. Use this when the referenced entity or value object lives within the same bounded context but outside the current aggregate's consistency boundary, and is not mutated. Unlike a Category 2 reference, the structural attributes of the referenced entity or value object are known (although not included here in the command); unlike Category 4, it is not mutated. Field name must be in camelCase without Id suffix. Do not model any nested sub-fields in your reply. The absence of nested sub-fields shows that we are not mutating the related entity or value object (mutations use Category 4). Omit the Id suffix, since the technical decision of how the reference is implemented is a later concern. Examples: currency, country, shippingMethod.
Nested Related Entity or Value Object to Be Mutated: Implicitly typed as an object. It must always contain at least one nested sub-field. It may be a single object or a collection; set cardinality to "one-to-one" for a single object and "one-to-many" for a collection. Use this when creating or updating one or more nested entities or VOs inside the aggregate. This field name should be the camelCase form of the targeted nested entity or VO name. Exception: when the same Entity/VO type fills multiple semantic roles on the aggregate, name each field after the role and let multiple fields point to the same relatedEntity (e.g., shippingAddress and billingAddress both referencing a VO named "Address"). Never use generic or implementation-specific command argument names such as options, data, params, or payload when targeting an underlying entity or VO. The nested sub-field names must be identical to the attribute names of the targeted related entity or VO. Nested attributes may themselves be Category 4 fields, with their own second level of nested sub-fields. For example, if the aggregate has an entity/VO structure with three levels — order => orderItems => taxRate — then the command setTaxRate should mirror all levels in its argument structure: setTaxRate({ id: "order-123", orderItems: [{ id: "item-456", taxRate: { percentage: 25, countryCode: "SE" } }] }). Note that the id fields are named exactly id and that the value object has no id. Follow this pattern even for batch operations that update multiple nested items: mirror all nested levels in the command structure.

Every event should have a command. After creating commands, call get_workflow and verify every event has one. Events without commands represent gaps in the business process.

Search/filter parameters do NOT belong on commands — they belong on Read Models with isFilter: true

Step 6 — Create read models on events (see references/read-model-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Name with Get/List/Search prefixes and spaces (e.g., "Get Order Details", "List Customer Orders")
Link to the source entity via entity ($ref path like #/schemas/entities/Order)

Reuse read models across events when it makes sense.

Step 7 — Create domain event schemas on events (optional) (see references/domain-event-generation.md for detailed field rules)

Skip this step by default. Domain event schemas describe the payload published when an event fires, which is only meaningful in Event Sourcing architectures where events are the source of truth. Only perform this step if:

The user explicitly asks for it (e.g., "add domain event schemas", "set up event payloads", "we need the event contracts"), OR

You are reverse-engineering a codebase that already uses Event Sourcing (events are persisted and replayed to rebuild state)

For regular CRUD/state-based applications, leave events without schemas — the workflow is complete without them. If unsure, ask the user before creating schemas.

Name matching the event (e.g., "Order Created", "Payment Processed")
Link to the aggregate root entity via entity ($ref path like #/schemas/entities/Order)
Include fields that capture the essential facts about the state change
Use relatedEntity on nested fields pointing to the empty entities created in Step 4
Each schema targets a different event — an event can only have one domain event schema

Domain event schema field rules (event payload):

Domain event schemas represent what is published when the event fires. Fields should capture what happened, not the full entity state:

Include identifier fields (e.g., orderId, customerId) so event consumers can correlate
Include timestamp fields when timing is business-relevant (e.g., placedAt, completedAt)
Use nested fields with relatedEntity for embedded event data (e.g., order items in the event)
Keep it focused — usually 3 to 8 fields are sufficient
Field names should be consistent with command and entity field names

Step 8 — Update entities with full fields (see references/entity-generation.md for detailed derivation rules)

update_entities(workflowId: "wf-1", entities: [
  {
    entity: "#/schemas/entities/Order",
    addFields: [
      { name: "customerId", dataType: "string", description: "Customer who placed the order", exampleData: ["cust-10", "cust-22", "cust-07"], isRequired: true },
      { name: "status", dataType: "string", description: "Current fulfillment status", exampleData: ["pending", "confirmed", "shipped"], isRequired: true },
      { name: "orderItems", dataType: "object", description: "Line items in the order", relatedEntity: "#/schemas/entities/OrderItem", cardinality: "one-to-many", exampleData: ["Object", "Object", "Object"] },
      { name: "createdAt", dataType: "string", description: "Timestamp when the order was placed", exampleData: ["2026-01-15T10:00:00Z", "2026-01-16T14:30:00Z", "2026-01-17T09:15:00Z"], isRequired: true }
    ]
  }
])

Entity field design rules:

Include ALL unique fields from all commands that target this entity — merge fields across commands
Include relatedEntity + cardinality for relationships to other entities
Always include exampleData (3 realistic values per field). For fields with relatedEntity, use the placeholder ["Object", "Object", "Object"]
Always include description — a concise one-sentence explanation in business language
Include dataType: string, number, boolean, object
Mark fields essential for creation with isRequired: true
Fields populated only during specific lifecycle transitions (cancel, archive, complete) should NOT be set as required fields

Phase 4: Validation & Reconciliation Loop

Step 9 — Validate and fix the domain model

Run validate_domain_model to check for structural issues. This catches field mismatches between commands/read models and their aggregate root entities.

This is an iterative loop, not a one-shot check:

Run validate_domain_model
For each issue (MAJOR or MINOR), judge whether it genuinely indicates a problem or is a legitimate domain pattern:
- If it's a real problem → fix it
- If it's a valid domain pattern → leave it as-is
Re-run validate_domain_model
Repeat until all remaining issues are legitimate patterns you've consciously decided to keep

Do NOT use severity (MAJOR vs MINOR) as the sole deciding factor. Both need judgment. Some "MAJOR" issues can be valid; some "MINOR" issues should be fixed.

Common real problems to fix:

Command field not on entity when it should be stored → Add the missing field to the entity via update_entities, or remove the field from the command via update_commands
Missing entity relationship that the business domain requires → Add relatedEntity field to entity via update_entities
Denormalized fields on commands (e.g., guestEmail when guestId already exists) → Replace with flat ID ref and let the service look up related data internally
Typos or inconsistent naming between command/read model and entity fields → Rename for consistency

Important: Do not consider the workflow complete until every remaining issue has been consciously reviewed and either fixed or judged as a legitimate pattern.

Step 10 — Reconcile workflow against source code (reverse-engineering only)

Skip this step entirely for greenfield workflow creation. It applies only when Phase 0 ran — when the workflow was extracted from an existing codebase and there is source code to compare the final model against.

Step 10.1 — Pull the final model

Call get_workflow to retrieve the workflow as it now exists in Qlerify after all create/update calls have landed.

Step 10.2 — Re-scan the source for the aggregate boundary

Step 10.3 — Build a reconciliation diff

For each category below, list what's in the workflow vs what's in the code and flag discrepancies:

Category	In workflow but not in code	In code but not in workflow
Commands	Phantom command — models a mutation that does not exist	Missing command — code has a state-changing method that's not modeled
Domain events	Phantom event — no code path produces it	Missing event — code emits/persists something not modeled
Entity fields	Phantom field on entity	Missing field — code has a domain attribute not on the entity
Entity vs VO classification	Modeled as entity, code says VO (no id, set-replacement)	Modeled as VO, code says entity (own id, own lifecycle)
Cardinality	one-to-one vs one-to-many mismatch	—
External refs	Workflow models internals of an external aggregate	—
Acceptance criteria	Event has criteria with no matching test	Test at the aggregate boundary with no Given/When/Then on its event

Step 10.4 — Report and ask the user

Step 10.5 — Apply approved fixes

For each item the user approves:

Phantom/missing command → create_commands / update_commands / delete_command
Phantom/missing event → create_domain_event / delete_domain_event
Field changes on entities → update_entities (addFields, updateFields, removeFields)
Misclassified entity/VO → recreate via create_entities with the corrected id field presence (entities have id; VOs do not)
Cardinality fix → update_entities with corrected cardinality
Missing acceptance criteria → update_domain_event with the Given/When/Then derived from the test

Phase 4 stop condition

Phase 4 is complete when:

Step 9 reports no unreviewed structural issues, AND
Step 10 reports no unreviewed discrepancies between workflow and source code (or N/A for greenfield).

Phase 5: Polish (optional)

These steps are cosmetic and can be skipped if not needed.

Step 11 — Create groups (optional, only on explicit user request)

Do NOT create groups as part of a default workflow generation. Skip this step entirely unless the user explicitly asks for them — e.g., "group the events into phases", "add groups for the checkout/fulfillment stages", "organize events into stages". A newly generated workflow should have zero groups by default.

Exception — state-machine workflows (Phase S): when the aggregate was mapped as a state machine, the state columns are the groups, but they are created up front — before the event spine — and each column-leading event sets group at creation (see Phase S). So for Phase S workflows this step is already done by the time you reach Phase 5; do not re-create the groups here. Just verify the columns match the state map. See references/state-machine-generation.md.

Call create_group for each phase, in the order they appear on the timeline.
Assign events to groups using update_domain_event with the group parameter. Only set group on the first event that starts a new group — subsequent events in the same group inherit it automatically based on their position on the timeline.

Common phase patterns (use these as inspiration only when the user asks):

E-commerce: "Browse & Cart", "Checkout", "Fulfillment"
Onboarding: "Registration", "Verification", "Setup", "Activation"

Step 12 — Set colors (optional, only on explicit user request)

Do NOT set colors as part of a default workflow generation. Skip this step entirely unless the user explicitly asks for them — e.g., "color-code the events by lane", "make the automation events blue", "highlight the checkout events in green". A newly generated workflow should leave every event on its default peach color.

When the user asks, call update_domain_event with the color parameter. Available colors: peach, yellow, green, teal, blue, lavender, pink, gray.

update_domain_event(domainEvent: "#/domainEvents/OrderPlaced", color: "blue")

Constraints and Rules

Every domain event should have a command and an aggregate root — No naked events. Domain event schemas are optional and only expected for Event Sourcing workflows (see Step 7)
One command per event — An event can only have one command
One aggregate root per event — An event can only have one entity linked as aggregate root
One domain event schema per event — An event can only have one domain event schema (when one is created)
An event can have multiple read models — Different read models on the same event are fine (e.g. "Get Order" + "List Orders" both on OrderPlaced); only attaching the same read model name twice is rejected
Read models require cardinality — Always specify "one-to-one" or "one-to-many"
Lanes cannot be deleted if they contain events — Move or delete events first
Domain events require a lane — Every event must be assigned to an actor
Chain events via follows — Use "start" for root events. In create_domain_events, follows may also be the bare description of an earlier event in the same batch; when referencing an already-existing event, use its $ref path.
An event can have multiple children — To branch two events off the same non-decision parent, point them at the same follows and set parallel: true on the second (and any later) one. Without parallel, the later event is inserted between the parent and its existing follower(s) — reparenting all of them under it (linearized) — instead. For a decision, do not use parallel; create multiple followers with conditionLabel instead. See Branching: parallel vs decision below.
Bounded contexts must exist before referencing them — Create BCs before assigning entities to them

`relatedEntity` Usage Summary

Context	Use `relatedEntity`?	Example
Command: primitive type	NO — use flat primitive field	`bookingId: "bk-001"`
Command: nested structure	YES — multiple fields needed	`orderItems: [{ productName, qty, price }]`
Read Model: nested structure	YES — nested joined data	`guest: { firstName, lastName, email }`
Read Model: filter parameter	NO — use flat field with `isFilter: true`	`checkInDate` (isFilter)
Domain Event: nested structure	YES — nested event payload data	`orderItems: [{ productId, qty, price }]`
Domain Event: ID reference	NO — use flat field	`orderId`, `customerId`
Entity: related entity	YES — defines data model links	`order → OrderItem (one-to-many)`

Common Workflow Patterns

CRUD Service

Lanes: User, Automation
Flow: User action event → Automation processing event per operation

Approval Pipeline

Lanes: Requester, Approver, Automation
Flow: Request submitted → Review pending → Approved/Rejected gateway → Executed

Event-Driven Saga

Lanes: Customer, Admin, Automation
Flow: Customer/Admin actions trigger events, Automation handles cross-service coordination via decision gateways

Branching: parallel vs decision

Decision (type: "decision") — conditional / exclusive (XOR). Exactly one branch is taken based on a condition. Label the branches with conditionLabel. Example: payment succeeds or fails.
Parallel branches (parallel: true) — concurrent (AND). All branches happen, with no condition between them. Example: after "Order Placed", both "Inventory Reserved" and "Confirmation Email Sent" occur.

Tips for Well-Structured Workflows

Start with events, not entities. Map the business process flow first, then identify what data each step needs.
Default to a linear chain; use decisions and parallel branches sparingly. Decisions are only for genuine conditional (either-or) branching; parallel branches only for events genuinely triggered at the same time by the same predecessor. Unordered or optional steps should still be sequenced, not branched (see Branching: parallel vs decision).
Name events as past-tense occurrences. "Order Created", not "Create Order" — the command name carries the imperative.
Avoid special characters in event names. Use only alphanumeric characters and spaces. No ?, !, &, #.
Include realistic example data. 3 values per field helps stakeholders understand the model.
After completing the workflow, use the /download skill to save the specification to a file. This is much faster than fetching via MCP tools for large workflows.

Additional Resources

Reference Files

Consult these for detailed rules when creating specific element types:

references/system-prompt.md — DDD/event modeling expert context, naming conventions, character limits, quality checks
references/layout-and-ui.md — How the diagram is laid out (lane/event/decision/connection/group positioning) and how the rest of the Qlerify UI is organized (the seven tabs, sidebar) — read this to build well-arranged diagrams and answer questions about the UI
references/aggregate-extraction-artifact.md — Phase 0 planning artifact: template, section-by-section guidance, file location, quality checks before user approval
references/event-generation.md — Event naming rules, role conventions, chronology, gateway and parallel-branch patterns
references/state-machine-generation.md — Detecting state-machine aggregates and laying the lifecycle out on the timeline (states as columns/groups, DAG cycle-cutting, guard-forks, fan-ins, completeness-in-GWTs guardrails) — used by Phase S
references/command-generation.md — The 4 command field categories, naming rules, 3-level nesting guidelines
references/read-model-generation.md — Read model field design, filter vs display fields, cardinality rules
references/domain-event-generation.md — Domain event payload rules, identifier/timestamp conventions
references/entity-generation.md — Entity field derivation from commands, merge strategy, entity vs value object rules
references/tools.md — Complete MCP tool reference with parameters and usage tips

Example Files

For a complete worked example showing all steps with realistic tool calls and data:

examples/ecommerce-workflow.md — End-to-end e-commerce order workflow creation: empty entities first, then commands/read models/domain events referencing them, entity fields derived last, validation loop

workflow-creation

同仓库更多 Skills

Workflow Creation Guide

Core Concepts

How elements reference each other

Event naming and $ref path generation

Creation Sequence

Phase 0: Plan the aggregate model (reverse-engineering only)

Phase S: Map the state machine (state-machine aggregates only)

Phase 1: Foundation

Phase 2: Event Flow

Phase 3: Domain Model

Phase 4: Validation & Reconciliation Loop

Phase 5: Polish (optional)

Constraints and Rules

relatedEntity Usage Summary

Common Workflow Patterns

CRUD Service

Approval Pipeline

Event-Driven Saga

Branching: parallel vs decision

Tips for Well-Structured Workflows

Additional Resources

Reference Files

Example Files

Workflow Creation Guide

Core Concepts

How elements reference each other

Event naming and $ref path generation

Creation Sequence

Phase 0: Plan the aggregate model (reverse-engineering only)

Phase S: Map the state machine (state-machine aggregates only)

Phase 1: Foundation

Phase 2: Event Flow

Phase 3: Domain Model

Phase 4: Validation & Reconciliation Loop

Phase 5: Polish (optional)

Constraints and Rules

relatedEntity Usage Summary

Common Workflow Patterns

CRUD Service

Approval Pipeline

Event-Driven Saga

Branching: parallel vs decision

Tips for Well-Structured Workflows

Additional Resources

Reference Files

Example Files

同仓库更多 Skills

Event naming and `$ref` path generation

`relatedEntity` Usage Summary

Event naming and `$ref` path generation

`relatedEntity` Usage Summary