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fhir-api

Expert guidance for implementing FHIR RESTful API servers and clients following the HL7 FHIR specification. Use this skill when implementing a FHIR server with REST endpoints, building a FHIR client, designing FHIR API routes and handlers, implementing FHIR operations (read, create, update, delete, search, history), working with FHIR bundles, batch requests, or transactions, handling FHIR content negotiation, headers, and versioning, or implementing conditional operations. Trigger keywords include "FHIR REST", "FHIR API", "FHIR server", "FHIR client", "FHIR endpoint", "FHIR operations", "RESTful FHIR", "implement FHIR".

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安装命令

npx skills add https://github.com/aehrc/pathling --skill fhir-api

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来源

aehrc/pathling

星标128

分支23

更新时间2026年2月13日 01:17

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SKILL.md

readonly

name

fhir-api

description

FHIR REST API implementation

This skill provides guidance for implementing FHIR RESTful APIs according to the HL7 FHIR specification (R4/R5).

URL structure

All FHIR REST URLs follow the pattern:

[base]/[type]/[id]

[base]: Service base URL (e.g., https://fhir.example.org/r4)
[type]: Resource type (e.g., Patient, Observation)
[id]: Logical resource ID

URLs are case-sensitive and use UTF-8 encoding.

Core operations

Operation	HTTP	URL Pattern	Success
Read	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200
VRead	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]/_history/[vid]`	200
Create	POST	`[base]/[type]`	201
Update	PUT	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200/201
Patch	PATCH	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200
Delete	DELETE	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200/204
Search	GET/POST	`[base]/[type]?params`	200
History	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]/_history`	200
Capabilities	GET	`[base]/metadata`	200
Batch/Transaction	POST	`[base]`	200

For detailed specifications of each operation, see references/operations.md.

Content negotiation

MIME types

Format	MIME Type
JSON	`application/fhir+json`
XML	`application/fhir+xml`
RDF	`application/fhir+turtle`

Use the Accept header for response format and Content-Type for request body format.

The _format query parameter overrides Accept when clients cannot set headers.

FHIR version

Specify version via MIME type parameter:

Accept: application/fhir+json; fhirVersion=4.0

Version mappings: 1.0 (R2), 3.0 (R3), 4.0 (R4), 4.3 (R4B), 5.0 (R5).

Required headers

Request headers

Header	Purpose	Example
Accept	Response format	`application/fhir+json`
Content-Type	Request body format	`application/fhir+json`
If-Match	Optimistic locking	`W/"123"`
If-None-Exist	Conditional create	`identifier=123`
Prefer	Return preference	`return=representation`

Response headers

Header	Purpose	Example
ETag	Version identifier	`W/"123"`
Location	New resource URL	`[base]/Patient/123/_history/1`
Last-Modified	Modification time	RFC 7231 date

Versioning and optimistic locking

FHIR uses weak ETags for version tracking:

Server returns ETag: W/"[versionId]" with responses
Client sends If-Match: W/"[versionId]" with updates
Server returns 412 Precondition Failed if version mismatch

Implement version-aware updates when CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.versioning is versioned-update.

Error handling

Return OperationOutcome resources for all errors:

{
    "resourceType": "OperationOutcome",
    "issue": [
        {
            "severity": "error",
            "code": "invalid",
            "diagnostics": "Patient.birthDate: Invalid date format"
        }
    ]
}

Status codes

Code	Meaning
400	Invalid syntax or validation failure
404	Resource not found
409	Version conflict
410	Resource deleted
412	Precondition failed (version mismatch)
422	Business rule violation

Prefer header

Control response content with Prefer:

Value	Response body
`return=minimal`	Empty (headers only)
`return=representation`	Full resource
`return=OperationOutcome`	Validation outcome

For async operations, use Prefer: respond-async to get 202 Accepted with status polling URL.

Implementation checklist

Server implementations should:

Implement CapabilityStatement at /metadata
Support content negotiation (JSON at minimum)
Return proper ETags for versioned resources
Include Location header on create/update
Return OperationOutcome for all errors
Support _format parameter fallback
Honour Prefer header for response content

References

operations.md: Detailed operation specifications
search.md: Search parameter and result handling
batch-transaction.md: Batch and transaction processing

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来源

aehrc

aehrc/pathling

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适用职业SOC

软件开发工程师计算机与数学类职业15-1252L4

name

fhir-api

description

FHIR REST API implementation

This skill provides guidance for implementing FHIR RESTful APIs according to the HL7 FHIR specification (R4/R5).

URL structure

All FHIR REST URLs follow the pattern:

[base]/[type]/[id]

[base]: Service base URL (e.g., https://fhir.example.org/r4)
[type]: Resource type (e.g., Patient, Observation)
[id]: Logical resource ID

URLs are case-sensitive and use UTF-8 encoding.

Core operations

Operation	HTTP	URL Pattern	Success
Read	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200
VRead	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]/_history/[vid]`	200
Create	POST	`[base]/[type]`	201
Update	PUT	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200/201
Patch	PATCH	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200
Delete	DELETE	`[base]/[type]/[id]`	200/204
Search	GET/POST	`[base]/[type]?params`	200
History	GET	`[base]/[type]/[id]/_history`	200
Capabilities	GET	`[base]/metadata`	200
Batch/Transaction	POST	`[base]`	200

For detailed specifications of each operation, see references/operations.md.

Content negotiation

MIME types

Format	MIME Type
JSON	`application/fhir+json`
XML	`application/fhir+xml`
RDF	`application/fhir+turtle`

Use the Accept header for response format and Content-Type for request body format.

The _format query parameter overrides Accept when clients cannot set headers.

FHIR version

Specify version via MIME type parameter:

Accept: application/fhir+json; fhirVersion=4.0

Version mappings: 1.0 (R2), 3.0 (R3), 4.0 (R4), 4.3 (R4B), 5.0 (R5).

Required headers

Request headers

Header	Purpose	Example
Accept	Response format	`application/fhir+json`
Content-Type	Request body format	`application/fhir+json`
If-Match	Optimistic locking	`W/"123"`
If-None-Exist	Conditional create	`identifier=123`
Prefer	Return preference	`return=representation`

Response headers

Header	Purpose	Example
ETag	Version identifier	`W/"123"`
Location	New resource URL	`[base]/Patient/123/_history/1`
Last-Modified	Modification time	RFC 7231 date

Versioning and optimistic locking

FHIR uses weak ETags for version tracking:

Server returns ETag: W/"[versionId]" with responses
Client sends If-Match: W/"[versionId]" with updates
Server returns 412 Precondition Failed if version mismatch

Implement version-aware updates when CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.versioning is versioned-update.

Error handling

Return OperationOutcome resources for all errors:

{
    "resourceType": "OperationOutcome",
    "issue": [
        {
            "severity": "error",
            "code": "invalid",
            "diagnostics": "Patient.birthDate: Invalid date format"
        }
    ]
}

Status codes

Code	Meaning
400	Invalid syntax or validation failure
404	Resource not found
409	Version conflict
410	Resource deleted
412	Precondition failed (version mismatch)
422	Business rule violation

Prefer header

Control response content with Prefer:

Value	Response body
`return=minimal`	Empty (headers only)
`return=representation`	Full resource
`return=OperationOutcome`	Validation outcome

For async operations, use Prefer: respond-async to get 202 Accepted with status polling URL.

Implementation checklist

Server implementations should:

Implement CapabilityStatement at /metadata
Support content negotiation (JSON at minimum)
Return proper ETags for versioned resources
Include Location header on create/update
Return OperationOutcome for all errors
Support _format parameter fallback
Honour Prefer header for response content

References

operations.md: Detailed operation specifications
search.md: Search parameter and result handling
batch-transaction.md: Batch and transaction processing