export default security-best-practices

name	security-best-practices
description	Master cybersecurity, secure coding, authentication, encryption, and security best practices for protecting systems and data.

Security Best Practices

Quick Start

Build secure applications and infrastructure from the ground up.

Cybersecurity Fundamentals

Security Triad

Confidentiality - Only authorized access

• Encryption
• Access control
• Data classification

Integrity - Data not modified

• Hash verification
• Digital signatures
• Audit logs

Availability - System operational

• Redundancy
• DDoS protection
• Backup strategies

Secure Coding

Input Validation

Never Trust User Input

# Bad: SQL Injection
query = f"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = {user_id}"

# Good: Parameterized query
query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"
execute(query, (user_id,))

Validation Rules

• Type checking
• Length limits
• Pattern matching
• Whitelist approach

Output Encoding

XSS Prevention

# Bad: Direct output
return f"<div>{user_input}</div>"

# Good: Escaped output
return f"<div>{escape(user_input)}</div>"

OWASP Top 10

1. Injection - SQL, command, NoSQL
2. Broken Authentication - Weak credentials
3. Sensitive Data Exposure - Unencrypted data
4. XML External Entities (XXE)
5. Broken Access Control
6. Security Misconfiguration
7. XSS - Cross-site scripting
8. Insecure Deserialization
9. Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities
10. Insufficient Logging & Monitoring

Authentication & Authorization

Authentication Methods

Passwords - Something you know

• Use strong hashing (bcrypt, Argon2)
• No plaintext storage
• MFA/2FA for defense

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

• Something you have (phone, hardware key)
• Something you are (biometric)

OAuth 2.0 / OpenID Connect

• Industry standard
• 3rd party authentication
• Delegation of authority

Authorization (Access Control)

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

• Users have roles
• Roles have permissions
• Principle of least privilege

Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

• Fine-grained control
• Based on attributes
• More flexible

Encryption

Encryption in Transit

TLS/SSL

• HTTPS for web
• TLS 1.2 or later
• Strong cipher suites
• Certificate management

Encryption at Rest

Data Encryption

• Database encryption
• File system encryption
• Key management service

Key Management

• Key rotation
• Secure storage
• Access control
• Audit logging

Network Security

Firewalls & Network Segmentation

Firewall Rules

• Whitelist approach
• Minimum ports/protocols
• Regular audits

Network Segmentation

• VPCs/Subnets
• Security groups
• NACLs (Network ACLs)

DDoS Protection

Rate Limiting - Block excessive requests WAF - Web Application Firewall CDN - Edge protection IDS/IPS - Intrusion detection/prevention

API Security

API Keys

• Generate securely
• Rotate regularly
• Scope permissions

Rate Limiting

• Per user/IP
• Graceful degradation

CORS - Control cross-origin requests

Vulnerability Management

Dependency Scanning

npm audit
pip safety check

Regular Patching

• Security updates priority
• Automated patching where possible
• Test before production

Incident Response

Preparation

• Incident response plan
• Team training
• Tools ready

Response Process

1. Detect
2. Assess
3. Contain
4. Remediate
5. Recover
6. Review

Compliance

Standards

• GDPR (EU data protection)
• HIPAA (healthcare)
• PCI-DSS (payment cards)
• SOC 2 (service organizations)

Roadmaps Covered

• Cyber Security (https://roadmap.sh/cyber-security)
• API Security (https://roadmap.sh/best-practices/api-security)