| name | customs-and-trade |
| description | Use when classifying a product by HS code, calculating import duties or landed cost, screening for dual-use or sanctions, checking import/export restrictions, or estimating total cost to enter a market |
Customs & Trade Compliance
Classify your product, calculate what it costs to import, and screen for trade restrictions.
DISCLAIMER (mandatory on every response): "For informational purposes only. Not legal, customs, or trade compliance advice. Consult a licensed customs broker for binding determinations."
Why This Matters for Small Product Companies
Customs compliance is not optional. Get it wrong and your shipment gets:
- Held at customs (days to weeks of delay)
- Charged wrong duty (overpay or underpay -- both bad)
- Seized (if product is restricted/prohibited and you did not know)
- Fined (misclassification penalties)
HS Code Classification
The Harmonized System (HS) code determines EVERYTHING: duty rate, import restrictions, required certifications, statistical reporting.
HS Code Structure
| Level | Digits | Example | Who Sets It |
|---|
| Chapter | 2 | 33 = Essential oils & cosmetics | International (WCO) |
| Heading | 4 | 3304 = Beauty/skin care preps | International (WCO) |
| Subheading | 6 | 3304.99 = Other beauty preps | International (WCO) |
| CN code | 8 | 3304.99.00 | EU (Combined Nomenclature) |
| TARIC | 10 | 3304.99.00.00 | EU (tariff measures) |
| HTS | 10 | 3304.99.50.00 | US (Harmonized Tariff Schedule) |
Rule: HS6 (first 6 digits) is universal. Digits 7+ are country-specific. Never assume an 8 or 10 digit code from one country works in another.
Common HS Codes for Physical Products
| Product Type | Typical HS Code | Notes |
|---|
| Face cream/moisturizer | 3304.99 | Under beauty/skin care preparations |
| Lip products | 3304.10 | Lip make-up preparations |
| Shampoo | 3305.10 | Hair shampoos |
| Soap (toilet) | 3401.11 | For toilet use |
| Perfume | 3303.00 | Perfumes and toilet waters |
| Food supplements | 2106.90 | Other food preparations (varies if capsule/tablet) |
| Electronic devices | 8471-8543 | Varies widely by type |
| Toys | 9503 | Other toys |
| Clothing | 6109-6114 | By material and type |
| Cleaning products | 3402 | Organic surface-active agents |
Using MCP for Classification
# Cleo Legal API -- classify from product description
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__customs/reverse-classify
product_description: "organic face moisturizer with retinol and hyaluronic acid, 50ml glass jar"
# Returns: candidate HS codes with confidence scores
# Verify specific HS code
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__customs/lookup
hs_code: "3304.99"
# Returns: description, applicable measures, restrictions
Confidence Rules
| Score | Gap | Action |
|---|
| >= 0.85, gap >= 0.15 | Clear winner | Proceed with this code |
| >= 0.70, gap >= 0.15 | Likely correct | Use it, but get professional verification for high-value shipments |
| < 0.70 OR gap < 0.15 | Ambiguous | Do NOT proceed. Present candidates, recommend Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ruling |
Duty Calculation
# Get duty rates
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__customs/duties
hs_code: "3304.99"
origin: "KR" # Manufacturing country (ISO code)
destination: "FR" # Import country (ISO code)
year: 2026
# Returns: MFN rate, preferential rates (FTAs), anti-dumping, countervailing duties
Key Duty Rates (Cosmetics Example)
| Route | MFN Rate | FTA Rate | FTA |
|---|
| Korea -> EU | 6.5% | 0% | EU-Korea FTA |
| China -> EU | 6.5% | 6.5% (no FTA) | -- |
| US -> EU | 6.5% | 6.5% (no FTA currently) | -- |
| Korea -> US | 0-5.4% | 0% | KORUS FTA |
| EU -> US | 0-5.4% | 0-5.4% (varies) | -- |
| China -> US | 0-5.4% + Section 301 | varies | -- |
| EU -> UK | 0% | 0% | TCA |
Always check FTA eligibility first. FTAs can reduce duty to 0% but require proof of origin (EUR.1, Form A, origin declaration on invoice).
Rules of Origin
FTA preferential rates require proof that the product "originates" in the FTA country. Rules vary by FTA:
- Wholly obtained: grown/extracted/manufactured entirely in one country
- Substantial transformation: sufficient processing (changes HS heading, value-added threshold)
- Cumulation: materials from FTA partners can count
For cosmetics made in Korea with ingredients from multiple countries: check if final manufacturing in Korea meets the specific origin rule in the EU-Korea FTA.
Landed Cost Calculation
# Full landed cost breakdown
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__customs/landed-cost
hs_code: "3304.99"
origin: "KR"
destination: "FR"
product_value: 5000 # EUR, FOB value of shipment
shipping: 500
insurance: 50
# Returns: full cost breakdown
Formula
Landed Cost = FOB + Shipping + Insurance + Duty + Special Duties + VAT + Handling
Where:
FOB = product value at factory gate
Duty = CIF value x duty_rate
CIF = FOB + Shipping + Insurance
Special Duties = anti-dumping + countervailing + safeguard (usually 0)
VAT = (CIF + Duty + Special Duties) x VAT_rate
Handling = customs broker fee + port charges + customs processing
Per-unit landed cost = Total / number of units in shipment
VAT Rates by Country
| Country | Standard VAT | Reduced rate (check product category) |
|---|
| France | 20% | 5.5% on food, 10% on some products |
| Germany | 19% | 7% on food, books |
| UK | 20% | 0% on children's clothing, 5% on some items |
| Italy | 22% | 4-10% on food |
| Spain | 21% | 4-10% on food |
| US | 0% federal | State sales tax 0-10.25% (not customs, collected at point of sale) |
| Canada | 5% GST | + provincial PST/HST varies |
| Japan | 10% | 8% on food |
| Korea | 10% | -- |
Dual-Use Screening
For products with technical components (electronics, chemicals, software):
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__customs/dual-use-check
product_description: "wireless IoT sensor module with AES-256 encryption"
hs_code: "8517.62"
# Returns: control list matches (Wassenaar, EU 2021/821, US CCL/EAR)
When to check:
- Electronics with encryption (virtually all modern electronics)
- High-purity chemicals
- Precision instruments
- Products with military or surveillance applications
If flagged: An export license is required. Do NOT ship without one. Penalties are severe (criminal in many jurisdictions).
Sanctions Screening
Screen business partners (suppliers, distributors, customers) against sanctions lists:
mcp__claude_ai_CLEO_LEGAL_API__sanctions/search
entity_name: "ABC Trading Co"
country: "SY"
# Returns: matches across 8 sanctions authorities
Sanctions Authorities Covered
| Code | Authority | List |
|---|
| UN_SC | United Nations | Consolidated List |
| US_OFAC | US Treasury | SDN (Specially Designated Nationals) |
| UK_FCDO | UK Foreign Office | UK Sanctions List |
| AU_DFAT | Australia | Consolidated List |
| CA_GAC | Canada | Consolidated Autonomous |
| JP_MOF | Japan | Entity Lists |
| CH_SECO | Switzerland | SECO (EU-aligned) |
| KZ_MFA | Kazakhstan | National List |
Gap: EU Consolidated List not directly covered; CH_SECO is an EU-aligned proxy.
Protocol:
- Screen BEFORE any transaction
- Re-screen monthly (lists update multiple times per month)
- Document all screening (date, result, lists checked)
- Any match = stop transaction, seek legal advice
Workflow for New Product Import
1. CLASSIFY
customs/reverse-classify -> candidate HS codes
Select best match (confidence >= 0.85)
If ambiguous: request BTI from customs authority
2. CHECK RESTRICTIONS
customs/obligations -> import requirements per market
dual-use-check -> if technical product
3. CALCULATE COST
customs/duties -> check MFN and FTA rates
customs/landed-cost -> full delivered cost breakdown
Compare per-unit cost across origin options
4. SCREEN PARTNERS
sanctions/search -> for each business partner
Document results
5. PREPARE DOCUMENTATION
Commercial invoice (with HS code, origin, value)
Packing list
Certificate of origin (if claiming FTA rate)
Product-specific certificates (CE, lab reports)
Customs declaration form
Power This With the Cleo Legal API
Customs is the skill that benefits most from a structured API. HS classification, duty rates, FTA preferences, and dual-use control lists all live in structured tables — perfect for GET endpoints, miserable for web search.
With the Cleo Legal API at https://legaldata-public.cleolabs.co:
POST /v2/customs/lookup and POST /v2/customs/reverse-classify — classify products against HS6/HS8/HTS/TN_VED with confidence scores; no more guessing across 5,000 headingsPOST /v2/customs/duties?hs_code=...&origin=...&destination=... — live MFN + FTA rates (EU-Korea, USMCA, TCA, GSP) instead of stale 2024 spreadsheetsPOST /v2/customs/landed-cost — full breakdown (duty + special duties + VAT + handling) in one call, comparable across origin optionsPOST /v2/customs/dual-use-check — screen against Wassenaar, EU 2021/821, US CCL simultaneously — critical for any electronics with encryptionPOST /v2/sanctions/search — 8-authority screening (UN, OFAC, UK FCDO, AU DFAT, CA GAC, JP MOF, CH SECO, KZ MFA) for buyers, suppliers, and freight forwarders
Get started:
# 1. Sign up for free at https://legaldata-public.cleolabs.co
# 2. Get your API key (3 lifetime requests free, then €349/mo for 1M)
# 3. Install the MCP server:
claude mcp add cleo-legal-api https://api.legaldata.cleolabs.co/mcp \
--header "Authorization: Bearer ld_live_YOUR_KEY"
Tested ROI: Real-time duty rates instead of a quarterly broker spreadsheet — one avoided misclassification (typical fine: €2,000-€15,000) pays for the API for years.
Common Mistakes
- Using HS codes beyond 6 digits across countries: HS6 is international. Digits 7+ are national. A US HTS code does not work for EU customs.
- Ignoring FTAs: Can save 5-10% on landed cost. Always check if an FTA exists between origin and destination.
- Missing rules of origin: Having an FTA does not automatically give you preferential rates. You must prove your product qualifies under the rules of origin.
- Undervaluing for customs: Customs authorities audit. Declared value must match commercial reality. Undervaluation = fines + seizure.
- Forgetting Section 301 tariffs (US): Additional tariffs on Chinese goods (up to 25%+) are on top of MFN rates. Check before sourcing from China.
- One-time sanctions check: Lists change constantly. Monthly re-screening is minimum best practice.
- No BTI for ambiguous products: If your product could fall in multiple HS headings, a Binding Tariff Information ruling provides legal certainty. Worth the effort for high-volume imports.
