netlify-edge-functions

name	netlify-edge-functions
description	Guide for writing Netlify Edge Functions. Use when building middleware, geolocation-based logic, request/response manipulation, authentication checks, A/B testing, or any low-latency edge compute. Covers Deno runtime, context.next() middleware pattern, geolocation, and when to choose edge vs serverless.

Netlify Edge Functions

Edge functions run on Netlify's globally distributed edge network (Deno runtime), providing low-latency responses close to users.

Syntax

import type { Config, Context } from "@netlify/edge-functions";

export default async (req: Request, context: Context) => {
  return new Response("Hello from the edge!");
};

export const config: Config = {
  path: "/hello",
};

Place files in netlify/edge-functions/. Uses .ts, .js, .tsx, or .jsx extensions.

Config Object

export const config: Config = {
  path: "/api/*",                    // URLPattern path(s)
  excludedPath: "/api/public/*",     // Exclusions
  method: ["GET", "POST"],           // HTTP methods
  onError: "bypass",                 // "fail" (default), "bypass", or "/error-page"
  cache: "manual",                   // Enable response caching
};

Middleware Pattern

Use context.next() to invoke the next handler in the chain and optionally modify the response:

export default async (req: Request, context: Context) => {
  // Before: modify request or short-circuit
  if (!isAuthenticated(req)) {
    return new Response("Unauthorized", { status: 401 });
  }

  // Continue to origin/next function
  const response = await context.next();

  // After: modify response
  response.headers.set("x-custom-header", "value");
  return response;
};

Return undefined to pass through without modification:

export default async (req: Request, context: Context) => {
  if (!shouldHandle(req)) return; // continues to next handler
  return new Response("Handled");
};

Geolocation and IP

export default async (req: Request, context: Context) => {
  const { city, country, subdivision, timezone } = context.geo;
  const ip = context.ip;

  if (country?.code === "DE") {
    return Response.redirect(new URL("/de", req.url));
  }
};

Local dev with mocked geo: netlify dev --geo=mock --country=US

Environment Variables

Use Netlify.env (not process.env or Deno.env):

const secret = Netlify.env.get("API_SECRET");

Module Support

• Node.js builtins: import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
• npm packages: Install via npm and import by name
• Deno modules: URL imports (e.g., import X from "https://esm.sh/package")

For URL imports, use an import map:

// import_map.json
{ "imports": { "html-rewriter": "https://ghuc.cc/worker-tools/html-rewriter/index.ts" } }

# netlify.toml
[functions]
  deno_import_map = "./import_map.json"

When to Use Edge vs Serverless

Use Edge Functions for	Use Serverless Functions for
Low-latency responses	Long-running operations (up to 15 min)
Request/response manipulation	Complex Node.js dependencies
Geolocation-based logic	Database-heavy operations
Auth checks and redirects	Background/scheduled tasks
A/B testing, personalization	Tasks needing > 512 MB memory

Limits

Resource	Limit
CPU time	50 ms per request
Memory	512 MB per deployed set
Response header timeout	40 seconds
Code size	20 MB compressed