organic

## What I do - Explain organic chemistry principles - Describe functional group properties - Discuss reaction types and mechanisms - Analyze molecular structure - Explain isomerism - Connect structure to reactivity ## When to use me - When learning organic chemistry basics - When explaining functional group behavior - When studying organic reactions - When preparing educational content ## Key Concepts ### Hydrocarbons **Alkanes**: Single bonds (saturated) - General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ - Reactions: Combustion, halogenation **Alkenes**: Double bonds (unsaturated) - General formula: CₙH₂ₙ - Reactions: Addition, polymerization **Alkynes**: Triple bonds - General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ - Reactions: Addition, oxidation ### Functional Group Chemistry ```python # Functional group priority (for naming) priority = { 1: 'Carboxylic acids', 2: 'Esters', 3: 'Amides', 4: 'Aldehydes', 5: 'Ketones', 6: 'Alcohols', 7: 'Amines', 8: 'Alkenes', 9: 'Alkynes', 10: 'Alkanes' } # Common reactions reactions = { 'alkanes': ['combustion', 'halogenation'], 'alkenes': ['addition (H2, HX, H2O)', 'polymerization'], 'alcohols': ['oxidation', 'esterification', 'dehydration'], 'aldehydes': ['oxidation', 'nucleophilic addition'], 'carboxylic_acids': ['esterification', 'amidation'] } ``` ### Nomenclature - IUPAC naming rules - Substituent naming - Functional group priority - Stereochemical descriptors - Common names vs systematic ### Isomerism - Structural (constitutional) - Geometric (cis/trans, E/Z) - Optical (enantiomers) - Conformational