aws-security-architecture

# AWS Security Architecture Skill ## Purpose This skill provides AWS security architecture guidance for the CIA platform deployment, covering VPC network security, IAM least-privilege policies, KMS encryption, CloudTrail auditing, and GuardDuty threat detection. It aligns with Hack23 ISMS and AWS Well-Architected Security Pillar. ## When to Use This Skill Apply this skill when: - ✅ Designing or modifying AWS infrastructure (CloudFormation) - ✅ Configuring IAM roles, policies, or permissions - ✅ Setting up encryption with KMS for data at rest - ✅ Configuring VPC networking, security groups, or NACLs - ✅ Enabling audit logging with CloudTrail - ✅ Setting up threat detection with GuardDuty - ✅ Reviewing cia-dist-cloudformation templates Do NOT use for: - ❌ Application-level security (use secure-code-review skill) - ❌ CI/CD pipeline security (use github-actions-workflows skill) - ❌ Data classification decisions (use data-protection skill) ## AWS Security Architecture Overview ``` CIA Platform AWS Architecture │ ├─ VPC (10.0.0.0/16) │ ├─ Public Subnet (10.0.1.0/24) │ │ ├─ ALB (Application Load Balancer) │ │ └─ NAT Gateway │ │ │ ├─ Private Subnet - App (10.0.2.0/24) │ │ └─ EC2 / ECS (CIA Application) │ │ │ └─ Private Subnet - Data (10.0.3.0/24) │ └─ RDS PostgreSQL (encrypted) │ ├─ Security Services │ ├─ AWS WAF (on ALB) │ ├─ AWS Shield (DDoS protection) │ ├─ GuardDuty (threat detection) │ ├─ CloudTrail (audit logging) │ └─ AWS Config (compliance monitoring) │ └─ Key Management └─ KMS (Customer Managed Keys) ├─ RDS encryption key ├─ S3 encryption key └─ Secrets Manager key ``` ## VPC Security ### Security Group Rules ```yaml # Application Security Group - Least Privilege ApplicationSecurityGroup: Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup Properties: GroupDescription: CIA Application Server VpcId: !Ref VPC SecurityGroupIngress: # Only allow traffic from ALB - IpProtocol: tcp FromPort: 8080 ToPort: 8080 SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref ALBSecurityGroup SecurityGroupEgress: # PostgreSQL to database only - IpProtocol: tcp FromPort: 5432 ToPort: 5432 DestinationSecurityGroupId: !Ref DatabaseSecurityGroup # HTTPS for external API calls - IpProtocol: tcp FromPort: 443 ToPort: 443 CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0 # Database Security Group DatabaseSecurityGroup: Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup Properties: GroupDescription: CIA PostgreSQL Database VpcId: !Ref VPC SecurityGroupIngress: # Only from application servers - IpProtocol: tcp FromPort: 5432 ToPort: 5432 SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref ApplicationSecurityGroup SecurityGroupEgress: [] # No outbound access needed ``` ### Network ACLs ``` NACL Rules (defense in depth): ├─ Allow inbound HTTPS (443) from internet to public subnet ├─ Allow inbound 8080 from public to private app subnet ├─ Allow inbound 5432 from app subnet to data subnet ├─ Deny all other inbound traffic └─ Allow ephemeral ports for return traffic ``` ## IAM Least Privilege ### Application IAM Role ```yaml # EC2/ECS Task Role - Minimum permissions CIAApplicationRole: Type: AWS::IAM::Role Properties: RoleName: cia-application-role AssumeRolePolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Effect: Allow Principal: Service: ecs-tasks.amazonaws.com Action: sts:AssumeRole Policies: - PolicyName: cia-app-policy PolicyDocument: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: # Read secrets from Secrets Manager - Effect: Allow Action: - secretsmanager:GetSecretValue Resource: - !Sub 'arn:aws:secretsmanager:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:secret:cia/*' # Write CloudWatch logs - Effect: Allow Action: - logs:CreateLogStream - logs:PutLogEvents Resource: - !Sub 'arn:aws:logs:${AWS::Region}:${AWS::AccountId}:log-group:/cia/*' # KMS decrypt for database credentials - Effect: Allow Action: - kms:Decrypt Resource: - !GetAtt CIAEncryptionKey.Arn ``` ### IAM Anti-Patterns ```yaml # ❌ INSECURE: Overly permissive policy - Effect: Allow Action: '*' Resource: '*' # ❌ INSECURE: Wildcard on sensitive services - Effect: Allow Action: 's3:*' Resource: '*' # ✅ SECURE: Specific actions on specific resources - Effect: Allow Action: - s3:GetObject - s3:PutObject Resource: - !Sub 'arn:aws:s3:::cia-data-bucket/*' ``` ## KMS Encryption ### Key Configuration ```yaml CIAEncryptionKey: Type: AWS::KMS::Key Properties: Description: CIA Platform encryption key Enabled: true EnableKeyRotation: true # Annual automatic rotation KeyPolicy: Version: '2012-10-17' Statement: - Sid: AllowKeyAdministration Effect: Allow Principal: AWS: !Sub 'arn:aws:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:role/admin' Action: - kms:Create* - kms:Describe* - kms:Enable* - kms:List* - kms:Put* - kms:Update* - kms:Revoke* - kms:Disable* - kms:Get* - kms:Delete* - kms:ScheduleKeyDeletion Resource: '*' - Sid: AllowApplicationUse Effect: Allow Principal: AWS: !GetAtt CIAApplicationRole.Arn Action: - kms:Decrypt - kms:GenerateDataKey Resource: '*' ``` ### Encryption Scope | Resource | Encryption | Key Type | |----------|-----------|----------| | RDS PostgreSQL | At rest + in transit | KMS CMK | | S3 buckets | SSE-KMS | KMS CMK | | EBS volumes | At rest | KMS CMK | | Secrets Manager | At rest | KMS CMK | | CloudWatch Logs | At rest | AWS managed | | ALB (TLS) | In transit | ACM certificate | ## CloudTrail Audit Logging ```yaml CIACloudTrail: Type: AWS::CloudTrail::Trail Properties: TrailName: cia-audit-trail IsLogging: true IsMultiRegionTrail: true EnableLogFileValidation: true # Tamper detection IncludeGlobalServiceEvents: true S3BucketName: !Ref AuditLogBucket CloudWatchLogsLogGroupArn: !GetAtt AuditLogGroup.Arn EventSelectors: - ReadWriteType: All IncludeManagementEvents: true DataResources: - Type: AWS::S3::Object Values: ['arn:aws:s3:::cia-data-bucket/'] ``` ## GuardDuty Threat Detection ### Enabled Findings ``` GuardDuty Detection Categories: ├─ Reconnaissance: Port scanning, API enumeration ├─ Instance Compromise: Cryptocurrency mining, C&C communication ├─ Account Compromise: Unusual API calls, disabled logging ├─ S3 Compromise: Public bucket access, unusual data transfer └─ RDS Protection: Unusual login attempts, suspicious queries ``` ### Alert Response | Severity | Response Time | Action | |----------|-------------|--------| | Critical | < 1 hour | Immediate investigation, isolate resource | | High | < 4 hours | Investigate, assess impact | | Medium | < 24 hours | Review, plan remediation | | Low | < 1 week | Log, trend analysis | ## Security Checklist for CloudFormation ``` CloudFormation Security Review: □ No hardcoded secrets or credentials □ IAM roles follow least privilege □ Security groups restrict inbound/outbound □ RDS encryption enabled (KMS CMK) □ S3 buckets private, encrypted, versioned □ CloudTrail enabled with log validation □ VPC flow logs enabled □ ALB uses TLS 1.2+ only □ Auto-scaling configured for availability □ Backup retention configured (RDS, S3) □ Tags applied for cost and security tracking ``` ## ISMS Alignment | Control | Requirement | AWS Implementation | |---------|------------|-------------------| | ISO 27001 A.8.1 | User endpoint devices | Security groups, NACLs | | ISO 27001 A.8.9 | Configuration management | AWS Config rules | | ISO 27001 A.8.15 | Logging | CloudTrail, CloudWatch | | ISO 27001 A.8.20 | Network security | VPC, WAF, Shield | | ISO 27001 A.8.24 | Cryptography | KMS, ACM, TLS | | NIST CSF DE.CM | Continuous monitoring | GuardDuty, Config | | CIS Control 3 | Data protection | KMS encryption | | CIS Control 8 | Audit log management | CloudTrail | ## References - [AWS Well-Architected Security Pillar](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/wellarchitected/latest/security-pillar/) - [AWS CloudFormation Security Best Practices](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/security-best-practices.html) - [CIS AWS Benchmark](https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/amazon_web_services) - [Hack23 ISMS Infrastructure Security](https://github.com/Hack23/ISMS-PUBLIC)