Build, upgrade, and operate Aspire 13.5.x C# or TypeScript application hosts with the current CLI, AppHost, ServiceDefaults, integrations, dashboard, testing, MCP, and deployment patterns for distributed apps. USE FOR: Aspire.AppHost.Sdk, Aspire.Hosting.*, DistributedApplication.CreateBuilder, apphost.mts, createBuilder, WithReference, WaitFor, AddProject, AddRedis, AddPostgres, aspire run, aspire init, aspire. DO NOT USE FOR: unrelated stacks; generic tasks that do not need this specific guidance. INVOKES: inspect the repository context, edit targeted files, and run relevant build, test, lint, or validation commands when changes are made.
Build, upgrade, and operate Aspire 13.5.x C# or TypeScript application hosts with the current CLI, AppHost, ServiceDefaults, integrations, dashboard, testing, MCP, and deployment patterns for distributed apps. USE FOR: Aspire.AppHost.Sdk, Aspire.Hosting.*, DistributedApplication.CreateBuilder, apphost.mts, createBuilder, WithReference, WaitFor, AddProject, AddRedis, AddPostgres, aspire run, aspire init, aspire. DO NOT USE FOR: unrelated stacks; generic tasks that do not need this specific guidance. INVOKES: inspect the repository context, edit targeted files, and run relevant build, test, lint, or validation commands when changes are made.
Aspire.Hosting.Testing, DistributedApplicationTestingBuilder, or a test harness that mixes an Aspire AppHost with WebApplicationFactory
orchestrating multiple services and resources with an AppHost for local development or cloud deployment
setting up ServiceDefaults, service discovery, OpenTelemetry, health checks, or the Aspire Dashboard
choosing between official first-party Aspire integrations and CommunityToolkit/Aspire
upgrading older 8.x or 9.x Aspire solutions to the current CLI and AppHost SDK model
wiring polyglot services into an Aspire topology, especially when Go, Bun, Java, Python, or extra dev-time tools enter the picture
Workflow
Classify the task first: new AppHost creation, existing-solution enlistment, integration wiring, testing and observability, deployment, or version upgrade.
Prefer the current Aspire toolchain. Choose a C# AppHost for .NET-first repositories or a TypeScript apphost.mts for JavaScript/TypeScript-first repositories; both are first-class in 13.5. Use the Aspire CLI and current SDK-generated app model instead of writing new guidance around the deprecated legacy workload.
Treat 13.5.x releases as the current CLI-first app model. Keep the Aspire CLI, Aspire.AppHost.Sdk, and closely coupled hosting or testing packages on the same line, then rerun the AppHost and deployment checks after aspire update.
Keep the AppHost code-first and topology-focused. Model services, resources, dependencies, endpoints, lifetimes, and parameters there; keep business logic out.
Keep ServiceDefaults narrow. It exists for telemetry, health checks, resilience, and service discovery, not shared domain models or general utility code.
Prefer official first-party Aspire integrations when they cover the requirement. Use CommunityToolkit/Aspire only when the capability gap is real: unsupported language hosts, extra dev infrastructure, or extension packages the official project does not provide.
Validate the whole distributed system, not one project in isolation. Local success means the AppHost starts cleanly, dependencies resolve through WithReference, the dashboard shows the expected resource graph, and end-to-end tests can exercise the topology.
For integration tests, keep one shared AppHost fixture per test session. Use Aspire.Hosting.Testing to boot the distributed app, create HttpClient or SignalR clients from the AppHost, and layer WebApplicationFactory on top only when tests need direct Host DI, grains, or runtime services. Fixture sharing amortizes startup and must not serialize tests; keep consumers parallel and isolate their mutable state.
When publishing, switch from local containers or emulators to managed resources deliberately and verify which services truly need external endpoints.
Architecture
flowchart LR
A["Distributed-app task"] --> B{"Need code-first orchestration?"}
B -->|No| C["Stay in service-level skills such as ASP.NET Core, Worker, or Orleans"]
B -->|Yes| D["Create or update the AppHost"]
D --> E["Model resources and services with `WithReference` and `WaitFor`"]
E --> F{"Official Aspire integration exists?"}
F -->|Yes| G["Use first-party Aspire integration"]
F -->|No or gap remains| H["Evaluate `CommunityToolkit/Aspire`"]
G --> I["Apply `ServiceDefaults`, dashboard, and tests"]
H --> I
I --> J{"Publishing now?"}
J -->|No| K["Run locally with `aspire run` or the AppHost project"]
J -->|Yes| L["Choose `azd`, App Service, or the CLI deploy/publish pipeline"]
Current Guidance
AppHost shape: recognize three current first-class forms: an SDK-style C# AppHost project using Aspire.AppHost.Sdk/<version>, a file-based C# apphost.cs, or a TypeScript apphost.mts. For TypeScript, aspire init --language typescript writes aspire.config.json and the generated .aspire/modules/ SDK; do not hand-edit generated modules, and run aspire restore after package/integration changes.
TypeScript AppHosts: use the async lower-camel-case app model (createBuilder, addNodeApp, addViteApp, withReference, waitFor, build().run()). In an existing repository with a root package.json, expect the CLI to create a nested aspire-apphost/ package so the application and orchestration toolchains stay separate.
Polyglot hosting: Aspire 13.4 adds first-party Go and Bun support, and 13.5 makes TypeScript AppHosts generally available. Prefer the official hosting surface for new Go, Bun, or TypeScript resources before considering older toolkit integrations; keep community integrations for languages and capabilities that still have a real first-party gap.
CLI entry points: use aspire new for starter projects, aspire init to add Aspire support to an existing solution or create a single-file AppHost, aspire add to add integrations or starter pieces, aspire run for local orchestration, aspire start/aspire stop/aspire ps for detached lifecycle management, aspire describe for live resource inspection, aspire doctor for environment diagnostics, aspire secret for user secrets, aspire docs for terminal documentation lookup, aspire agent for AI agent integration, aspire deploy for the current CLI deploy pipeline, aspire restore for AppHost and TypeScript resource refresh, and aspire update for version-aware upgrades. aspire terminal attaches to an opt-in WithTerminal() resource; do not make an interactive terminal a hidden dependency of normal orchestration. aspire publish still exists for explicit artifact-generation flows and remains preview-sensitive.
Selection Rules
Use first-party Aspire when the package and docs exist for the resource or platform, especially for core .NET, Azure, cache, database, messaging, Microsoft Foundry, and standard local-container flows.
Treat C# and TypeScript as AppHost-language choices, not different orchestration products. Keep topology semantics aligned while using the API casing, generated SDK, validation, and package-manager workflow native to the chosen host language.
Use CommunityToolkit/Aspire when you need polyglot app hosts beyond official coverage, extra dev-time tools around a resource, or community-maintained integrations. Toolkit 13.5.0 aligns with Aspire 13.5 and adds integrations such as Logto, RustFs, dbx, SeaweedFS, Bitwarden, Squad, K3s, Kind, Redpanda, listmonk, Posta, stable-diffusion.cpp, and Mosquitto. Add only the focused integration package the topology actually needs.
Prefer the smallest surface that solves the problem. Do not add a broad toolkit extension pack when an existing first-party integration plus a normal library already fits.
Treat toolkit packages as community-supported. Verify maturity, maintenance, external container images, and security or licensing assumptions before making them part of a production baseline.
hardcoding service URLs or connection strings instead of using WithReference
putting business logic, data migrations, or large configuration transforms inside the AppHost
turning ServiceDefaults into a dumping ground for shared models or helpers
adding external HTTP endpoints everywhere instead of only where runtime or publish needs them
defaulting to CommunityToolkit/Aspire when first-party Aspire already covers the requirement
assuming the dashboard or local containers automatically mean production readiness
treating Aspire tests as a mocking framework; they run the application as a real distributed system
Deliver
a version-aware Aspire architecture or upgrade direction
the right AppHost, ServiceDefaults, integration, and CLI workflow
an explicit first-party versus CommunityToolkit/Aspire package decision
an end-to-end validation path for local orchestration, testing, and deployment
Validate
the AppHost starts cleanly via aspire run or the AppHost project
resources and projects are modeled with explicit WithReference and WaitFor relationships where needed
consuming apps resolve endpoints and connection strings without hardcoded values
ServiceDefaults contains only cross-cutting infrastructure concerns
dashboard, health checks, logs, and traces reflect the expected resource graph
Aspire-backed integration tests reuse a shared AppHost fixture instead of booting the distributed app inside each test
tests consuming that fixture remain parallel and allocate unique mutable resource identities; only a narrowly keyed destructive collision may be constrained
any WebApplicationFactory layer reuses connection strings and endpoints from the AppHost instead of duplicating local config
testing and deployment guidance matches the chosen runtime: local AppHost, standalone dashboard, ACA/App Service, or the CLI deploy/publish pipeline
References
patterns.md - Current CLI-first setup flows, AppHost patterns, ServiceDefaults, testing, and upgrade checkpoints
deployment.md - ACA, App Service, publish-mode, and manifest-oriented deployment guidance
community-toolkit.md - Practical guide to CommunityToolkit/Aspire packages, capability gaps, and selection rules
Upgrade posture: Aspire 13.5.0 adds cross-language interaction controls, experimental WithTerminal() resources, a refreshed dashboard, and more deployment modeling. Before upgrading, audit its breaking changes: hosting-context ServiceProvider became Services, PublishAsConnectionString is superseded by AddConnectionString, and the removed aspire ps --resources / --include-hidden views become aspire describe. Align package versions, run aspire update --migrate when it applies, then revalidate local orchestration and the chosen deployment path.
MCP and agent tooling: ExcludeFromMcp() filtering is now consistently honored by CLI MCP tools such as resource, log, command, and trace listings. Use it deliberately for resources that should not leak into agent context.
Servicing posture: use at least Aspire 13.5.3. 13.5.1 fixes macOS startup crashes for polyglot AppHosts and older-CLI compatibility, while 13.5.3 fixes Dashboard Graph crashes for multi-path resource icons and restores DevTunnel public URLs in the dashboard and MCP snapshots. Upgrade the CLI and SDK together before adding local lifecycle, graph, or endpoint workarounds.
App model wiring: use WithReference(...) for dependency and configuration flow, and WaitFor(...) for startup ordering. Use WithExternalHttpEndpoints() only when the resource truly needs an externally reachable endpoint for the chosen runtime or publish target.
ServiceDefaults boundaries: AddServiceDefaults() should stay focused on OpenTelemetry, health endpoints, service discovery, HttpClient resilience, and related cross-cutting infrastructure.
Testing model: prefer Aspire closed-box testing when you need to run the distributed application as a system. Use DistributedApplicationTestingBuilder plus a shared fixture for AppHost lifecycle, App.CreateHttpClient(...) for resource-bound clients, and a WebApplicationFactory<TEntryPoint> wrapper only when the test must resolve DI services or in-process runtime state from the hosted app. For UI flows, initialize Playwright once in the shared fixture, create a fresh browser context per test, and capture failure artifacts.
Orleans hosting: when an Aspire topology hosts Orleans 10.3.1, keep Orleans packages aligned, re-run version-contract analyzer checks after upgrades, and treat placement hints as scoped suggestions for new activations or migration rather than AppHost resource placement.
Dashboard usage: treat the Aspire Dashboard as the development observability surface. It is valuable in AppHost runs and standalone OTLP scenarios, but it is not a production monitoring replacement.
Upgrade posture: older 8.x or 9.x solutions need explicit migration work. Current guidance favors the Aspire CLI upgrade path and the newer AppHost SDK structure on .NET 10.
