aws-patterns

name	aws-patterns
description	AWS Patterns: Lambda, ECS/EKS, DynamoDB, S3, RDS, CloudWatch, serverless architecture.
triggers	{"extensions":[".py",".ts",".yaml"],"directories":["aws/","infrastructure/"],"keywords":["aws","lambda","dynamodb","s3","ecs","eks","cloudformation","terraform","sam","cdk","serverless"]}
auto_load_when	Building on AWS or designing cloud-native architectures
agent	cloud-architect
tools	["Read","Write","Bash"]

AWS Architecture Patterns

Focus: Serverless, containers, managed services, cost optimization

1. Compute Selection

When to use what:
├── Serverless (Lambda)
│   ├── Event-driven, intermittent workloads
│   ├── < 15 min execution, < 10GB memory
│   └── Low traffic (pay per invocation)
│
├── Containers (ECS/Fargate)
│   ├── Long-running services
│   ├── Need full control over runtime
│   └── Batch jobs, APIs, workers
│
├── Kubernetes (EKS)
│   ├── Multi-service architecture
│   ├── Need Kubernetes ecosystem
│   └── Complex orchestration needs
│
└── EC2
│   ├── Legacy workloads
│   ├── Specific hardware needs (GPU)
│   └── Full control required

---

2. Data Layer Patterns

Database selection:
├── DynamoDB (NoSQL)
│   ├── Massive scale, low latency
│   ├── Pay per request (good for variable load)
│   └── Single-table design for efficiency
│
├── Aurora (SQL)
│   ├── PostgreSQL/MySQL compatible
│   ├── Serverless option (pay per ACU)
│   └── Global tables for multi-region
│
├── RDS (SQL)
│   ├── Standard PostgreSQL/MySQL
│   ├── Less demanding than Aurora
│   └── Good for migrate-from-legacy
│
├── ElastiCache
│   ├── Redis for caching, sessions
│   └── Memcached for simple caching
│
└── S3 (Object storage)
    ├── Any file/blob storage
    ├── Lambda trigger on object create
    └── Data lake with Athena

---

3. Event-Driven Architecture

AWS Event Patterns:
├── Lambda + S3
│   ├── Image processing, ETL triggers
│   └── Object created → Lambda invoked
│
├── Lambda + DynamoDB Streams
│   ├── Real-time changes captured
│   └── Audit logs, sync to other systems
│
├── EventBridge
│   ├── Decoupled microservices
│   ├── Schedule-based (cron)
│   └── Cross-account events
│
├── SQS + Lambda
│   ├── Durable queue for async work
│   └── Lambda polls queue (or SQS trigger)
│
└── SNS + Lambda
    ├── Pub/sub for notifications
    └── Fan-out to multiple targets

---

4. Infrastructure as Code

IaC Tool Selection:
├── CloudFormation
│   ├── Native AWS, full coverage
│   └── JSON/YAML, template inheritance
│
├── CDK (Cloud Development Kit)
│   ├── Code in TypeScript/Python
│   └── Generates CloudFormation
│   └── Best of both worlds
│
├── Serverless Application Model (SAM)
│   ├── Simplified for serverless
│   └── Local testing with sam local
│
└── Terraform
    ├── Multi-cloud (AWS + others)
    └── State management needed

---

5. Cost Optimization

AWS Cost Patterns:
├── Compute
│   ├── Lambda: Pay per invocation
│   ├── Fargate: Pay per vCPU/GB-hour
│   ├── Reserved Instances: 1-3 year for stable
│   └── Spot: Batch jobs, stateless workers (70%+ off)
│
├── Storage
│   ├── S3 Intelligent-Tiering (auto-move)
│   ├── Glacier for archives
│   └── Lifecycle policies
│
├── Database
│   ├── Aurora Serverless for variable
│   └── Provisioned for steady state
│
└── Networking
    ├── CloudFront for static assets
    └── PrivateLink for VPC-to-VPC

---

Key Patterns

1. Serverless-first - Start with Lambda, add complexity only if needed
2. Single table DynamoDB - Design for access patterns upfront
3. Event-driven - Decouple services with EventBridge/SNS/SQS
4. Infrastructure as code - Never click in console for prod
5. Cost-aware - Use Spot, Savings Plans, S3 Intelligent-Tiering

---

Anti-Patterns

❌ Using EC2 for everything — overprovisioned, underutilized
✅ Start with Lambda, move to containers only if needed

❌ No caching — hitting database for every request
✅ ElastiCache (Redis) for session/cache, CloudFront for static

❌ No dead letter queue — failed messages lost
✅ Configure DLQ on SQS/Lambda failures

❌ Single-AZ deployment — one AZ outage = downtime
✅ Multi-AZ for all production workloads

❌ No cost monitoring — surprised by bill at end of month
✅ Budget alerts, cost explorer, rightsizing recommendations

---

Quick Reference

Service	Use Case	Key Feature
Lambda	Serverless functions	Pay per invocation
DynamoDB	NoSQL, massive scale	Single-digit ms
S3	Object storage	Intelligent-Tiering
RDS/Aurora	Relational	Managed backups
ElastiCache	Caching	Redis/Memcached
CloudFront	CDN	Global edge
EventBridge	Event bus	Decoupling
API Gateway	REST APIs	Rate limiting

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