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implementing-gcp-binary-authorization Implement GCP Binary Authorization to enforce deploy-time security controls that ensure only trusted, attested container images are deployed to Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud Run. Use when implementing gcp binary authorization to enforce deploy-time security controls that.
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name implementing-gcp-binary-authorization description Implement GCP Binary Authorization to enforce deploy-time security controls that ensure only trusted, attested container images are deployed to Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud Run. Use when implementing gcp binary authorization to enforce deploy-time security controls that. domain cybersecurity subdomain cloud-security tags ["gcp","binary-authorization","container-security","supply-chain","gke","cloud-run","attestation","software-integrity"] version 1.0 author oyi77 license Apache-2.0 nist_csf ["PR.IR-01","ID.AM-08","GV.SC-06","DE.CM-01"]
Implementing GCP Binary Authorization
Overview
Binary Authorization is a Google Cloud deploy-time security control that ensures only trusted container images are deployed on GKE or Cloud Run. It works through a policy-based model where images must have cryptographic attestations confirming they passed predefined requirements such as vulnerability scans, code reviews, or build pipeline verification. Continuous validation (CV) monitors running pods against policies and logs violations.
When to Use
Trigger phrases:
"implementing gcp binary authorization"
"Implement GCP Binary Authorization to enforce deploy-time security controls that"
When deploying or configuring implementing gcp binary authorization capabilities in your environment
When establishing security controls aligned to compliance requirements
When building or improving security architecture for this domain
When conducting security assessments that require this implementation
Prerequisites
GCP project with Binary Authorization API enabled
GKE cluster or Cloud Run service
Container Analysis API enabled
KMS keys for attestation signing
Cloud Build or external CI/CD pipeline
Enable Binary Authorization
gcloud services enable binaryauthorization.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable containeranalysis.googleapis.com
gcloud services enable container.googleapis.com
gcloud container clusters update CLUSTER_NAME \
--enable-binauthz \
--zone us-central1-a
Create Attestor
This section covers create attestor for implementing gcp binary authorization.
Ensure all prerequisites are met before proceeding
Follow the documented workflow steps in sequence
Record results and any anomalies encountered during this phase
Create a KMS key for signing
gcloud kms keyrings create binauthz-keyring \
--location global
gcloud kms keys create attestor-key \
--keyring binauthz-keyring \
--location global \
--algorithm ec-sign-p256-sha256 \
--purpose asymmetric-signing
Create Container Analysis note cat > /tmp/note.json << 'EOF'
{
"attestation" : {
"hint" : {
"humanReadableName" : "Production Build Attestor"
}
}
}
EOF
curl -X POST \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token) " \
"https://containeranalysis.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/notes/?noteId=prod-build-note" \
-d @/tmp/note.json
Create the attestor gcloud container binauthz attestors create prod-build-attestor \
--attestation-authority-note=prod-build-note \
--attestation-authority-note-project=PROJECT_ID
gcloud container binauthz attestors public-keys add \
--attestor=prod-build-attestor \
--keyversion-project=PROJECT_ID \
--keyversion-location=global \
--keyversion-keyring=binauthz-keyring \
--keyversion-key=attestor-key \
--keyversion=1
Configure Policy This section covers configure policy for implementing gcp binary authorization.
Ensure all prerequisites are met before proceeding
Follow the documented workflow steps in sequence
Record results and any anomalies encountered during this phase
Default deny-all policy
admissionWhitelistPatterns:
- namePattern: "gcr.io/google_containers/*"
- namePattern: "gcr.io/google-containers/*"
- namePattern: "k8s.gcr.io/**"
- namePattern: "gke.gcr.io/**"
- namePattern: "gcr.io/stackdriver-agents/*"
defaultAdmissionRule:
evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
requireAttestationsBy:
- projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/prod-build-attestor
globalPolicyEvaluationMode: ENABLE
gcloud container binauthz policy import binauthz-policy.yaml
Per-cluster rules admissionWhitelistPatterns:
- namePattern: "gcr.io/google_containers/*"
clusterAdmissionRules:
us-central1-a.production-cluster:
evaluationMode: REQUIRE_ATTESTATION
enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
requireAttestationsBy:
- projects/PROJECT_ID/attestors/prod-build-attestor
us-central1-a.staging-cluster:
evaluationMode: ALWAYS_ALLOW
enforcementMode: DRYRUN_AUDIT_LOG_ONLY
defaultAdmissionRule:
evaluationMode: ALWAYS_DENY
enforcementMode: ENFORCED_BLOCK_AND_AUDIT_LOG
Create Attestations This section covers create attestations for implementing gcp binary authorization.
Ensure all prerequisites are met before proceeding
Follow the documented workflow steps in sequence
Record results and any anomalies encountered during this phase
Attest an image after successful build
IMAGE_DIGEST=$(gcloud container images describe \
gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/my-app:latest \
--format='get(image_summary.digest)' )
gcloud container binauthz attestations sign-and-create \
--artifact-url="gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/my-app@${IMAGE_DIGEST} " \
--attestor="prod-build-attestor" \
--attestor-project="PROJECT_ID" \
--keyversion-project="PROJECT_ID" \
--keyversion-location="global" \
--keyversion-keyring="binauthz-keyring" \
--keyversion-key="attestor-key" \
--keyversion="1"
Cloud Build integration
steps:
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
args: ['build' , '-t' , 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA' , '.' ]
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/docker'
args: ['push' , 'gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA' ]
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'
entrypoint: 'bash'
args:
- '-c'
- |
gcloud artifacts docker images scan \
gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA \
--format='value(response.scan)'
- name: 'gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud'
entrypoint: 'bash'
args:
- '-c'
- |
IMAGE_DIGEST=$(gcloud container images describe \
gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app:$SHORT_SHA \
--format='get(image_summary.digest)')
gcloud container binauthz attestations sign-and-create \
--artifact-url="gcr.io/$PROJECT_ID/my-app@$${IMAGE_DIGEST}" \
--attestor="prod-build-attestor" \
--attestor-project="$PROJECT_ID" \
--keyversion-project="$PROJECT_ID" \
--keyversion-location="global" \
--keyversion-keyring="binauthz-keyring" \
--keyversion-key="attestor-key" \
--keyversion="1"
Continuous Validation
gcloud container clusters update CLUSTER_NAME \
--enable-binauthz-monitoring \
--zone us-central1-a
Monitor CV violations in Cloud Logging resource.type="k8s_cluster"
logName="projects/PROJECT_ID/logs/binaryauthorization.googleapis.com%2Fcontinuous_validation"
Verification and Testing This section covers verification and testing for implementing gcp binary authorization.
Ensure all prerequisites are met before proceeding
Follow the documented workflow steps in sequence
Record results and any anomalies encountered during this phase
Test deployment of unattested image
kubectl run test-unapproved \
--image=docker.io/library/nginx:latest
kubectl get events --field-selector reason=FailedCreate
Verify attestation exists gcloud container binauthz attestations list \
--attestor=prod-build-attestor \
--attestor-project=PROJECT_ID
Break-Glass Override For emergency deployments bypassing Binary Authorization:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: emergency-pod
labels:
image-policy.k8s.io/break-glass: "true"
annotations:
alpha.image-policy.k8s.io/break-glass: "Emergency deployment - ticket INC-12345"
spec:
containers:
- name: emergency
image: gcr.io/PROJECT_ID/emergency-fix:latest
When NOT to Use
You need to test the implementation (use performing-* skills)
Task is about configuring existing tools (use configuring-* skills)
You need to analyze security events (use analyzing-* skills)
Task is about building detection rules (use building-* skills)
You don't have access to the target environment
Task requires vendor-specific expertise (consult vendor docs)
Red Flags
Performing actions without explicit written authorization from the asset owner
Testing against production systems without a defined scope and rules of engagement
Modifying cloud IAM policies or security groups without approval
Exposing cloud credentials or secrets in logs or reports
Running scans that generate excessive API calls and trigger billing alerts
Verification
All steps executed successfully against a test environment before production use
Output documented with screenshots or logs demonstrating expected behavior
Cloud resource changes reverted or documented as intentional
IAM policies reviewed for least-privilege compliance after testing
No residual test resources left running (cost and security check)
References
Process
Analyze the task requirements
Apply domain expertise
Verify output quality
Anti-Rationalization Table Rationalization Reality "We are too small to be targeted" Automated attacks target everyone. Size does not matter. "Security slows us down" A breach slows you down 100x more. Build security in from the start. "We will fix it after launch" Vulnerabilities in production are exploited within hours. Fix before deploy.
