10up-interactivity-api

name	10up-interactivity-api
description	Build interactive blocks using WordPress Interactivity API. Covers data-wp-* directives, stores, context management, and server-side rendering patterns. Use when adding client-side interactivity to blocks without a full JavaScript framework.
license	MIT
compatibility	WordPress 6.5+, PHP 8.0+, requires viewScriptModule support
globs	["**/view.js","**/view.ts","blocks/**/*","includes/blocks/**/*"]
metadata	{"author":"10up","version":"1.0"}

10up Interactivity API

This skill guides you through building interactive blocks using the WordPress Interactivity API, a lightweight reactive system for block-based interactivity.

When to Use

• Adding click handlers, toggles, or state changes to blocks
• Building accordions, tabs, modals, or carousels
• Creating interactive navigation or menus
• Replacing jQuery-based interactions with modern patterns
• Any client-side interactivity that doesn't need a full SPA framework

Key Concepts

The Interactivity API provides:

• Directives - HTML attributes that bind behavior (data-wp-*)
• Stores - State management with actions and callbacks
• Context - Scoped state for component instances
• Server rendering - Initial state from PHP

Procedure

Step 1: Enable Interactivity in block.json

{
  "name": "tenup/accordion",
  "supports": {
    "interactivity": true
  },
  "viewScriptModule": "file:./view.js"
}

Important: Use viewScriptModule (ES module), not viewScript (classic script).

Step 2: Set Up the Store (view.js)

Create the store with state, actions, and callbacks:

import { store, getContext } from '@wordpress/interactivity';

const { state, actions } = store('tenup/accordion', {
    state: {
        // Global state (shared across all instances)
        get isAnyOpen() {
            return Object.values(state.items).some(item => item.isOpen);
        }
    },
    actions: {
        toggle() {
            const context = getContext();
            context.isOpen = !context.isOpen;
        },
        open() {
            const context = getContext();
            context.isOpen = true;
        },
        close() {
            const context = getContext();
            context.isOpen = false;
        }
    },
    callbacks: {
        onInit() {
            const context = getContext();
            // Runs when element with data-wp-init mounts
            console.log('Accordion initialized:', context.id);
        }
    }
});

Step 3: Add Directives to PHP Template (markup.php)

<?php
/**
 * Accordion block markup
 */

$accordion_id = wp_unique_id('accordion-');
$is_open = $attributes['defaultOpen'] ?? false;

// Set up interactivity context
$context = [
    'id' => $accordion_id,
    'isOpen' => $is_open,
];

$wrapper_attributes = get_block_wrapper_attributes([
    'data-wp-interactive' => 'tenup/accordion',
    'data-wp-context' => wp_json_encode($context),
]);
?>
<div <?php echo $wrapper_attributes; ?>>
    <button
        data-wp-on--click="actions.toggle"
        data-wp-bind--aria-expanded="context.isOpen"
        aria-controls="<?php echo esc_attr($accordion_id); ?>-content"
    >
        <?php echo esc_html($attributes['title'] ?? 'Toggle'); ?>
    </button>

    <div
        id="<?php echo esc_attr($accordion_id); ?>-content"
        data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isOpen"
        data-wp-class--is-open="context.isOpen"
    >
        <?php  $; // : ?>
    </>
</>

Step 4: Understand Core Directives

Directive	Purpose	Example
data-wp-interactive	Mark interactive region and namespace	data-wp-interactive="tenup/accordion"
data-wp-context	Provide scoped state (JSON)	data-wp-context='{"isOpen":false}'
data-wp-on--{event}	Event handler	data-wp-on--click="actions.toggle"
data-wp-bind--{attr}	Bind attribute to state	data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isOpen"
data-wp-class--{name}	Toggle CSS class	data-wp-class--is-active="context.isActive"
data-wp-text	Set text content	data-wp-text="context.label"
data-wp-init	Run on mount	data-wp-init="callbacks.onInit"
data-wp-watch	React to state changes	data-wp-watch="callbacks.onStateChange"

See references/directives.md for complete reference.

Step 5: Server-Side State Initialization

For complex initial state, use wp_interactivity_state():

// In your block's render callback or plugin
wp_interactivity_state('tenup/accordion', [
    'items' => [],
    'allowMultiple' => true,
]);

This merges with client-side store state.

Step 6: Handle Context Inheritance

Context flows down the DOM tree:

<div data-wp-interactive="tenup/tabs" data-wp-context='{"activeTab":0}'>
    <!-- Child elements can access context.activeTab -->
    <button data-wp-on--click="actions.setTab" data-wp-context='{"tabIndex":0}'>
        <!-- This element has both activeTab and tabIndex in context -->
    </button>
</div>

Access nested context in actions:

actions: {
    setTab() {
        const context = getContext();
        // context.tabIndex is from the button
        // context.activeTab is from the parent
        context.activeTab = context.tabIndex;
    }
}

Common Patterns

Toggle Pattern

<button
    data-wp-on--click="actions.toggle"
    data-wp-bind--aria-pressed="context.isActive"
>
    Toggle
</button>

actions: {
    toggle() {
        const context = getContext();
        context.isActive = !context.isActive;
    }
}

Show/Hide Pattern

<div data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isVisible">
    Content
</div>

CSS Class Toggle

<div
    data-wp-class--is-open="context.isOpen"
    data-wp-class--is-animating="state.isAnimating"
>

Multiple Event Handlers

<button
    data-wp-on--click="actions.handleClick"
    data-wp-on--keydown="actions.handleKeydown"
    data-wp-on--focus="actions.handleFocus"
>

Derived State (Getters)

state: {
    items: [],
    get count() {
        return state.items.length;
    },
    get isEmpty() {
        return state.items.length === 0;
    }
}

Verification

After implementing interactivity:

1. Build assets: npm run build
2. Clear caches
3. Test in browser (check console for errors)
4. Verify initial state from server renders correctly
5. Test all interactive behaviors
6. Check accessibility (keyboard navigation, ARIA attributes)

Failure Modes

"Nothing happens on click":

• Check data-wp-interactive is on ancestor element
• Verify store namespace matches
• Check browser console for errors
• Ensure viewScriptModule is in block.json

"Context is undefined":

• Missing data-wp-context on element or ancestor
• JSON syntax error in context attribute
• Namespace mismatch

"State doesn't update":

• Not using getContext() for instance state
• Mutating state incorrectly
• Missing reactive binding (data-wp-bind--*)

"Works in dev, fails in production":

• Build not run
• Module not enqueued
• Caching issue

See references/debugging.md for troubleshooting.

Escalation

Ask the user when:

• Complex state management across multiple blocks needed
• Integration with external APIs or data sources
• Animation/transition requirements
• Accessibility patterns unclear